• Title/Summary/Keyword: K-EMU

Search Result 287, Processing Time 0.028 seconds

Evaluation of Emulsion Stability for Cosmetic Facial Cream Emulsion Using Mixed Nonionic Emulsifier (비이온성 혼합유화제를 이용한 화장용 크림 유화액의 유화안정성 평가)

  • Hong, In Kwon;Kim, Su In;Park, Bo Ra;Choi, Junho;Lee, Seung Bum
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
    • /
    • v.27 no.5
    • /
    • pp.527-531
    • /
    • 2016
  • Emulsification is a fundamental process of cosmetics manufacture which produces stabilized emulsion by dispersing the liquid from the one side to the other by adding an emulsifier in an immiscible liquid. Various types of emulsifiers can produce various cosmetics. In this study, we evaluated the stability of emulsifier by measuring variations in the viscosity, particle size and particle size distribution. HLB values of nonionic emulsifiers which are used in this paper are 12.9, 12.9, 12.6 and 12.5 for EMU-01, EMU-02, EMU-03 and EMU-04, respectively. All types of emulsions showed an increase in the particle size and a decrease in the viscosity with the time. Also they showed a decrease in the particle size and an increase in the viscosity with respect to increasing the stirring speed. However, the stability of emulsions up to 56 days was secured by observing the non-separation of emulsions. In addition, the viscosity of the emulsions was measured in the order of EMU-01 > EMU-02 > EMU-03 > EMU-04 while the size of particles was measured in the order of $EMU-01{\approx}EMU-02$ > $EMU-03{\approx}EMU-04$. This indicates that our emulsion can be potentially used for preparing a cosmetic facial cream.

Effect of Zine Oxide Size and Oxygen Pressure on the Magnetic Properties of (Ni, Zn) Ferrite Powders Prepared by Self-propagating High Temperature Synthesis (ZnO의 입도와 산소압이 고온연소합성법으로 제조된 Ni-Zn Ferrite 분말의 자기적 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Yong;Cho, Nam-Ihn;Hahn, Y.D.
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
    • /
    • v.9 no.2
    • /
    • pp.78-84
    • /
    • 1999
  • $(Ni, Zn)Fe_2O_4$ powders were prepared through self-propagating high temperature synthesis reaction and the effects of initial zinc oxide powder size and oxygen pressure on the magnetic properties of the final combustion products were studied. The ferrite powders were combustion synthesized with iron, iron oxide, nickel oxide, and zinc oxide powders under various oxygen pressures of 0.5~10 atmosphere after blended in n-hexane solution for 5 minutes with a spex mill, followed by dried at 120 $^{\circ}C$ in vacuum for 24 hours. The maximum combustion temperature and propagating rate were about 1250 $^{\circ}C$ and 9.8 mm/sec under the tap density, which were decreased with decreasing ZnO size and oxygen pressure. The final product had porous microstructure with spinel peaks in X-ray spectra. As the ZnO particle size in the reactant powders and oxygen pressure during the combustion reaction increase, coercive force, maximum magnetization, residual magnetization, squareness ratio were changed from 1324 Oe, 43.88 emu/g, 1.27 emu/g, 0.00034 emu/gOe, 37.8$^{\circ}C$ to 11.83 Oe, 68.87 emu/g, 1.23 emu/g, 0.00280 emu/gOe, 43.9 $^{\circ}C$ and 7.99 Oe, 75.84 emu/g, 0.791 emu/g, 0.001937 emu/gOe, 53.8 $^{\circ}C$ respectively. Considering the apparent activation energy changes with oxygen pressure, the combustion reaction significantly depended on initial oxygen pressure and ZnO particle size.

  • PDF

Study on Weight Reduction of Urban Transit Carbody Based on Material Changes and Structural Optimization (도시철도차량 차체의 경량화를 위한 소재 변경 및 구조체 최적화 연구)

  • Cho, Jeong Gil;Koo, Jeong Seo;Jung, Hyun Seung
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
    • /
    • v.37 no.9
    • /
    • pp.1099-1107
    • /
    • 2013
  • This study proposes a weight reduction design for urban transit, specifically, a Korean EMU carbody made of aluminum extrusion profiles, according to size optimization and useful material changes. First, the thickness of the under-frame, side-panels, and end-panels were optimized by the size optimization process, and then, the weight of the Korean EMU carbody could be reduced to approximately 14.8%. Second, the under-frame of the optimized carbody was substituted with a frame-type structure made of SMA 570, and then, the weight of the hybrid-type carbody was 3.8% lighter than that of the initial K-EMU. Finally, the under-frame and the roof-panel were substituted with a composite material sandwich to obtain an ultralight hybrid-type carbody. The weight of the ultralight hybrid-type carbody was 30% lighter than that of the initial K-EMU. All the resulting carbody models satisfied the design regulations of the domestic Performance Test Standard for Electrical Multiple Unit.

Analysis on the Crashworthiness of the Full Rake Korean Electric Multiple Unit Train (한국형 표준전동차 전체차량의 충돌안전도 해석 연구)

  • 구정서;김동성;조현직;권태수;최성규
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
    • /
    • v.3 no.1
    • /
    • pp.27-33
    • /
    • 2000
  • In this paper, numerically evaluated is the crashworthiness of the new design of the standard Korea Electric Multiple Unit Train(K-EMU)[developed by the Korea Railway Research Institute]. The 4-car consist of K-EMU is analyzed under collision conditions such as normal coupling, heavy shunting, light collision and heavy collision to collide against another stationary one at 5 kph, 10 kph, 25 kph and 32 kph, respectively. Energy absorbing capacity of its draftgear commercially available in the market and to be equipped in K-EMU is evaluated under each collision condition. Analytical results show that draftgear only is not enough to provide necessary energy absorbing capacity. It is therefore concluded that additional energy absorbers like mechanical fuses should be adopted to improve the crashworthiness of K-EMU.

  • PDF

A Study on the Improvement for EMU Maintenance System of Urban Transit (도시철도 전동차 유지보수체계의 개선에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Kyu-Joong;Lee, Keun-Oh
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
    • /
    • v.25 no.1
    • /
    • pp.87-92
    • /
    • 2010
  • Urban transit system must secure fast, safe and reliable transportation capacity as a metropolitan mass transit. For this purpose, it is important to make all the sub-systems (which consist of EMU, power feeding, signaling & telecommunication, railway, platform facility, and control system and so on) work well. To operate all the systems effectively and reliably, a maintenance measure optimal to each system's characteristics is needed to be established and executed. So, highly reliable maintenance should be performed. But, EMU maintenance methods suitable to its own model and EMU lines are not yet introduced. This study examined few examples mainly to secure reliability on a maintenance quality in operating method and the features of train maintenance system based on travel distance.

Management Plan on Test Track of Advanced EMU System (차세대전동차 시스템 시험선 운영 방안)

  • Lee, H.M.;Kim, G.D.;Park, S.H.;Oh, S.C.
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
    • /
    • 2008.07a
    • /
    • pp.1036-1037
    • /
    • 2008
  • Test track of the Advanced EMU system will be developed and organically combined with technologies of power supply system, signal communication system and track structure. The purpose of the test track is a acquirement of reliability and stability through a sufficient performance test. Therefore, this paper draws up all management plans for tests of the Advanced EMU system.

  • PDF

Field Tests of DC 1500 V Stationary Energy Storage System

  • Lee, Hanmin;Kim, Gildong;Lee, Changmu;Joung, Euijin
    • International Journal of Railway
    • /
    • v.5 no.3
    • /
    • pp.124-128
    • /
    • 2012
  • The ESS(energy storage system, here after) for a DC 1500V was developed in 2009. A ESS was installed on the track of Daejeon HRT in 2010. The advantage of the ESS is that it can save the energy and plus stable the catenary voltage. This paper presents the energy saved by the ESS in Daedong substation. When the ESS is on/off, the field tests are performed.

Scalability Overheads Analysis for Stereoscopic Video Coding (스테레오 비디오 부호화에서의 시공간적 계위 오버헤드)

  • Oh Sehchan;Kim Gildong;Park Sunghyuk;Lee Hanmin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
    • /
    • 2005.07b
    • /
    • pp.826-828
    • /
    • 2005
  • 본 논문에서는 이질적인 수신단말들에 효율적인 스테레오 영상전송을 위한 시공간적 계위를 이용한 부호화 방법을 제시하였으며, 각각의 시간적, 공간적 계위의 오버헤드를 분석하였다. 제시된 부호화기는 유연성있는 스테레오 비디오 서비스를 위해서 하나의 영상에 각각 시간적, 공간적으로 확장 가능한 추가적인 비트열을 정의하였다. 실험을 통하여 공간적 계위 오버헤드는 시간적 계위 오버헤드에 비해 상대적으로 크지만, 스테레오 부호화기의 양안차 예측으로 인해 많이 감소됨을 보였다. 제안된 스테레오 비디오 부호화기는 다양한 디스플레이 장치 및 네트워크 환경을 가지는 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 환경을 위한 효율적인 스테레오 비디오 전송 서비스에 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

  • PDF

A Study on Train Communication Network for EMU using FieldBus (필드버스를 이용한 전동차 차량간 통신 시스템 연구)

  • Lee, Su-Gil;Han, Seong-Ho
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
    • /
    • 2001.07b
    • /
    • pp.1266-1268
    • /
    • 2001
  • ProfiBus provides real-time data communication among field devices in the EMU (Electrical Multiple Unit) and TCMS (Train Control Monitoring System). This paper presents an adapt to Train Communication Network for EMU using ProfiBus DP(Decentralized Periphery) mathod, which is the layer 2 DDLM(Direct Data Link Mapper) protocol of ProfiBus.

  • PDF