• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.230-241
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• 2018

Purpose: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols for gastric cancer patients have shown improved outcomes in Asia. However, data on gastric cancer ERAS (GCERAS) programs in the United States are sparse. The purpose of this study was to compare perioperative outcomes before and after implementation of an GC-ERAS protocol at a National Comprehensive Cancer Center in the United States. Materials and Methods: We reviewed medical records of patients surgically treated for gastric cancer with curative intent from January 2012 to October 2016 and compared the GC-ERAS group (November 1, 2015-October 1, 2016) with the historical control (HC) group (January 1, 2012-October 31, 2015). Propensity score matching was used to adjust for age, sex, number of comorbidities, body mass index, stage of disease, and distal versus total gastrectomy. Results: Of a total of 95 identified patients, matching analysis resulted in 20 and 40 patients in the GC-ERAS and HC groups, respectively. Lower rates of nasogastric tube (35% vs. 100%, P<0.001) and intraabdominal drain placement (25% vs. 85%, P<0.001), faster advancement of diet (P<0.001), and shorter length of hospital stay (5.5 vs. 7.8 days, P=0.01) were observed in the GC-ERAS group than in the HC group. The GC-ERAS group showed a trend toward increased use of minimally invasive surgery (P=0.06). There were similar complication and 30-day readmission rates between the two groups (P=0.57 and P=0.66, respectively). Conclusions: The implementation of a GC-ERAS protocol significantly improved perioperative outcomes in a western cancer center. This finding warrants further prospective investigation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2017

Recently, agricultural lands have decreased sharply, which was caused by huge housing site, urbanization, land consolidation, and road construction etc. In particular, Yangju city near Seoul city has the most severe land use change in Korea. Therefore, we analyzed changes of land use, soil properties, and soil information in order to provide the basic soil information and soil management practices in this city. The area of crop cultivated land in Korea (2015) reduced by 12,090 ha compared to ones from the previous year (2014). The paddy field decreased by 25,421 ha but, upland field increased by 13,331 ha. One of the reasons for the reduction of the paddy field was converting paddy field to upland (20,916 ha) > others (3,056) > building (2,571) > public facilities (847) > idle land (217). But, reasons for increase of upland field were switching paddy to upland (20,916 ha) > land developed (634). The main reason of converting paddy field to upland was changing from rice to more profitable speciality crops or pulses. The cropland area (paddy fields, upland, orchard) of Yangju city reduced by 1,412 ha (2015/2014). The ratio of cropland area in each city reduced by 22.9% dramatically compared 2015 to 1999. The paddy fields located in alluvial plains in Yangju city were changed into upland or green house. The drainage classes of soil have been deteriorated because the flows of water were intercepted by road construction and other disturbance to water flows. In particular, paddy fields have been changed to not only upland, orchard, greenhouse cultivation but also to fallow and soil dressing on paddy in Yangju city. To analyze result of soil survey of Yangju city, 858 soil codes (soil phases) were used and the area was 105.17ha. The number of soil series increased from 60 to 65, and that of soil phase increased from 105 to 124. The largest increased area was Noegog soil series. 125.7ha of Neogog soil series was incorporated from the existing Sachon, Yecheon and Eungog soil series. The soil suitability class of paddy field in Ogjung huge housing site of Yangju city was the 4th grade for 32.6% of the area. The soil suitability classes of upland were 2nd and 3rd grade for 72.4% of the area. Farm land with high quality should be conserved by related law.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2024

Color is an essential visual element that has a significant impact on the formation of a city's image and people's perceptions. Quantitative analysis of color in urban environments is a complex process that has been difficult to implement in the past. However, with recent rapid advances in Machine Learning, it has become possible to analyze city colors using photos shared by tourists. This study selected Dali City, a popular tourist destination in China, as a case study. Photos of Dali City shared by tourists were collected, and a method to measure large-scale city colors was explored by combining machine learning techniques. Specifically, the DeepLabv3+ model was first applied to perform a semantic segmentation of tourist sharing photos based on the ADE20k dataset, thereby separating artificial elements in the photos. Next, the K-means clustering algorithm was used to extract colors from the artificial elements in Dali City, and an adjacency matrix was constructed to analyze the correlations between the dominant colors. The research results indicate that the main color of the artificial elements in Dali City has the highest percentage of orange-grey. Furthermore, gray tones are often used in combination with other colors. The results indicated that local ethnic and Buddhist cultures influence the color characteristics of artificial elements in Dali City. This research provides a new method of color analysis, and the results not only help Dali City to shape an urban color image that meets the expectations of tourists but also provide reference materials for future urban color planning in Dali City.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.405-416
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• 2009

According to the changes of the city's paradigm, the demand on u-City increases rapidly. u-City has been built at 54 areas in Korea (as of May 2009). One of the important determinants of success or failure in the increasing of u-City is how to provide u-Services. Most current u-Services are Sensor Network-based monitoring services to manage urban infrastructure. u-GIS is one of fundamental requirements to implement 'any time and any where' u-Service which covers the essential meaningful term "ubiquitous". Hence, in this paper, we 1) describe the definition of the spatial awareness, 2) discuss how to converge (Spatial Embedding) among different spatial data : topographic spatial data, sensor spatial data, and more, 3) bring forth an advanced form of u-Service, 4) analyze the state-of-the-art u-GIS techniques.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.5946-5956
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to discourage urban sprawl that optimize the use of natural resources and reduce demand for transportation, energy consumption, and also protect green and blue networks. For this purpose, this study discusses about the Sustainable Development (SD), urban systems toward SD and defines the concepts and the goals of Green Compact City (GCC). It then finds out the basic planning strategies to agree with GCC. Based on these strategies, it reviews the foreign case study, to obtain a mainly significance development of these planning strategies. As well as then conducts a questionnaire survey to experts and residents of Ulaanbaatar (UB) city to obtain a better understanding of the current condition and the most significant planning strategies in UB city. Therefore the basic planning strategies which can more suits in UB city and it could be the GCC is derived from the most complied planning strategies in other developed countries compared with most significant planning strategies in UB city.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.6368-6375
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• 2015

The goal of this research is to identify the energy planning techniques of Smart Green City and to establish the realized plan through the analysis of Multi-functional Administrative City. For the research, eighteen planning techniques were derived and categorized into three sectors and six basic direction through literature review and Brain-storming analysis considering correlation between three goals of Smart Green City and expectation of planning technique. And Multi-functional Administrative City was analyzed for the current status of application of planning techniques focus on two application aspects. In conclusion, 'Establishing Integrated Management Center for Urban Energy', 'Building Energy Management System', 'Building Automation System', 'Green Transport System', 'Intelligent Transport System', 'Introduction of Eco-friendly Transportation' planning techniques in reduction of building energy consumption sector and green-intelligent transport system sector were identified as important techniques for Smart Green City.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 1998년도 제50차 추계 학술대회 연제집
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• pp.121-122
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• 1998

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.616-629
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• 2016

This study aims to analyze a creative city development case of the Nantes City in France focused on vitalizing creativity by urban regeneration and to get some policy implications through reflecting on process, governance and performance of the Nantes case. The Nantes City tried to overcome its regional economic depression caused by closing shipyard through its creative city program. The Nantes creative city program has been maintained for 20 years, which succeeded in both transforming economic structure of the Nantes city and improving the image of it. As a result, the Nantes city is regarded as a best city for living in France. It established own city model by participating in European projects, referring to cases of other cities and adopting specialists' views. In the process of creative city, the Nantes distinguished itself from other cities in sizes and circumstances and devoted itself to interactions between the city and culture projects, focused on clear objectives and dynamic co-works. In addition, the Nantes changed creatively buildings and spaces to regenerate deserted regions, and established some high valueadded creative industry on the basis of historic and cultural resources.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.133-133
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• 1995

A comparative study on the chemical compositions of precipitations from February 1993 to April 1993 in Sungnam city of Kyunggi province, Inchon city, Kangneung city of Kangwon province, and Chongwon-gun of Chungbuk province has been performed. The metal cation and anion concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrometer and ion liquid chromatography, respectively. pH/Ion meter and direct nesslerization method were used for the concentration measurements of $H^+$ and $NH^{4+}$ ions, respectively. The quantitative orders of the cation and anion average concentrations, correlation coefficients between the ion concentrations, and pH values are used for chemical analysis on the environmental pollution and pollutant sources in the urban, surburban, seaside, and rural areas of the Korean Peninsula.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.148-159
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• 2013

An analysis of the throughput and stability region of random access systems is currently of interest in research and industry. This study evaluated the performance of a multiuser random access channel with a retransmission gain. The channel was composed of a media access control (MAC) determined by the transmission probabilities and a multiuser communication channel characterized by the packet reception probabilities as functions of the number of packet transmissions and the collision status. The analysis began with an illustrative two-user channel, and was extended to a general multiuser channel. For the two-user channel, a sufficient condition was derived, under which the maximum throughput was achieved with a control-free MAC. For the channel with retransmission gain, the maximum steady throughput was obtained in a closed form. The condition under which the random access channel can acquire retransmission gain was also obtained. The stability region of the general random access channel was derived. These results include those of the well-known orthogonal channel, collision channel and slotted Aloha channel with packet reception as a special instance. The analytical and numerical results showed that exploiting the retransmission gain can increase the throughput significantly and expand the stability region of the random access channel. The analytical results predicted the performance in the simulations quite well.