• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.11 no.1 s.30
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• pp.107-115
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• 2006

In the environment of single application data broadcasting, only one application can be serviced at a specific time on one channel. To overcome this, we developed the structure and the method of operation for multi-applications which are fully conformant to the ACAP (Advanced Common Application Platform), and modified data broadcasting system to support multi-applications. In multi-application environment, broadcasters can service multiple applications simultaneously at a specific airtime on one channel so users can enjoy services selectively according to their preferences. In this paper, we present an example of multi-application service which was developed to make an experiment before servicing them to users on the air. The core of the multi-application is a manager application which manages other ordinary applications, so we describe the function and structure of the manager application, and then present the experimental results to show that the proposed method is the proper model for multi-applications.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2019

Background: Management of an agricultural food product system following a nuclear accident is indispensable for reducing radiation exposure due to ingestion of contaminated food. The present study analyzes the effect of agricultural countermeasures on ingestion dose following a nuclear accident. Materials and Methods: Agricultural countermeasures suitable for domestic farming environments were selected by referring to the countermeasures applied after the Fukushima accident in Japan. The avertable ingestion doses that could be obtained by implementing the selected countermeasures were calculated using the Korean Agricultural Countermeasure Analysis Program (K-ACAP) to investigate the efficiency of each countermeasure. Results and Discussion: Of the selected countermeasures, the management of crops was effective when radionuclide deposition occurred during the growing season of plants. Treatment by soil additive and topsoil removal was effective when deposition occurred during the nongrowing season of plants. The disposal of milk was not effective owing to the small contribution of milk to the overall ingestion dose. Clean feeding of livestock was effective when deposition occurred during the growing season of fodder plants such as pasture and rice-straw. Finally, the effect of food restriction increased with the soil deposition density of radionuclide. The practical effect of countermeasures was very small when the avertable ingestion dose was absolutely low. Conclusion: The agricultural countermeasures selected to reduce the radionuclide ingestion dose after a nuclear accident must be made appropriate by considering the accident situation, such as the soil deposition density of the radionuclide and the deposition date in relation to farming cycles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.61-64
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• 2008

뉴미디어로서의 가능성을 가지는 새로운 비즈니스 모델을 본논문에서 제시하였다. 이논문은산학프로젝트개발(2006-2008년)로 개발되어 현제 적용중으로, 주변에서 흔하게 볼 수 있는 아파트단지를 대상으로 아파트 내부의 방송통신설비와 유휴채널을 활용, IPTV 등의 기술을 응용하여 아파트자치방송이라는 새로운 개념의 비즈니스모델을 제안하고 이러한 올드미디어와 뉴미디어의 결합을 통해 유비쿼터스 시대의 목적에 부합됨은 물론 소중한 설비자원과 전파자원에 대한 새로운 시각을 제시하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.145-148
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• 2005

단일 애플리케이션 송출 환경에서의 데이터방송에서는 특정 시간, 특정 채널에 대해 하나의 애플리케이션만을 서비스할 수 있었다. 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위하여 2005년 KBS(Korean Broadcasting System)에서는 ACAP(Advanced Common Application Platform) 규격을 따르는 범용적인 멀티 애플리케이션 구조/운용 방법을 개발하고 이를 지원하도록 데이터방송 시스템을 개선하였다. 멀티 애플리케이션 서비스가 제공되면 방송사가 특정 시간, 특정 채널에서 하나 이상의 애플리케이션을 자유롭게 편성하여 서비스하므로 사용자는 다양한 애플리케이션을 기호에 맞게 선택, 이용할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 추후 실제 본 방송에 적용하기 위하여 개발한 실험용 멀티 애플리케이션을 중심으로 살펴보고자한다. 애플리케이션 측면에서 멀티 애플리케이션의 핵심은 일반 애플리케이션들에 대한 관리를 담당하는 매니저(혹은 루트) 애플리케이션이므로 이에 대한 기능 및 구조에 대하여 먼저 살펴 보고, 방송 송출 시스템 및 수신기에 대한 정합 실험을 위하여 개발된 멀티 애플리케이션 개발 현황에 대하여 살펴 본다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.243-247
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• 2005

디지털 방송은 비디오, 오디오와 더불어 데이터를 전송할 수 있다. 데이터 영역에는 셋톱박스(STB)에서 수행되는 애플리케이션(Xlet)이 포함된다. 디지털 방송은 애플리케이션을 이용해 보다 진보된 인터랙티브 프로그램을 제공할 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 인터렉티브 TV에서 3차원 객체의 활용은 아직 여러 제한사항으로 인해 어려움이 있다. 현재 제정된 DVB-MHP, SCTE-OCAP, ATSC-ACAP 등의 데이터 방송 표준은 3D 객체를 표현하기 위한 구체적인 방법을 기술하지 않고 있다. 또한, 상용셋톱박스에 탑재된 자바 가상 머신(Java Virtual Machine)은 3D 객체를 렌더링(Rendering)하기 위한 API를 제공하지 않고 있다. 그리고 이를 위한 별도의 플러그인(Plug-in)도 제공하지 않는다. 본 논문에서는 Interactive TV에서 3차원 객체를 표현하기 위해 필요한 기본개념과 기술 및 데이터 방송 표준을 분석하고, 이들을 통합하여 polygon 기반의 3D Graphic Engine을 제안한다. 특히, 본 논문에서 제안하는 3D Graphic Engine API는 각각의 표준에서 가용한 공통 API를 기반으로 설계 되었으며, Java Virtual Machine 1.1 환경에서 구동될 수 있도록 구현되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2007.10d
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• pp.473-476
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• 2007

최근 방송 통신 기술의 눈부신 발전에 힘입어 등장한 데이터 방송(Data Broadcasting)은 시청자에게 영상과 음성환 아니라 기존에는 접할 수 없었던 다양한 서비스들을 제공하고 있다. 이런 데이터 방송을 수신하기 위해서는 TS로부터 데이터를 추출하고 처리할 수 있는 미들웨어(middleware)가 포함된 셋탑박스(set-top box)가 필요하다. 그리하여 MHP, OCAP, ACAP 등 여러 데이터 방송 시스템의 미들웨어 표준 규격이 정의되었다. 그 중 MHP의 경우, OpenMHP라는 오픈 소스 프로젝트를 통해 PC 상에서 간단하게나마 MHP API를 테스트 해 볼 수 있는 환경을 제공해 주고 있다.[1] 하지만 셋탑박스 내에서 하드웨어를 이용하는 작업들은 거의 구현되지 못 했기 때문에 테스트에 있어 극히 제한적일 수밖에 없었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 소프트웨어적으로 셋탑박스 환경을 에뮬레이션 해주는 Virtual Set-Top Box(VSTB)를 설계, 구현하였다. 셋탑박스가 없는 환경이나 간단한 시뮬레이션이 필요한 경우, 실시간 스트림 역다중화와, 파싱, 필터링 작업등이 지원되는 가상 셋탑박스 시스템을 통해 MHP 미들웨어 API를 테스트하는데 유용한 역할을 할 수 있을 것이다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1212-1228
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• 2016

Secure communication is an important aspect of today's interconnected environments and it can be achieved by the use of cryptographic algorithms and protocols. However, many existing cryptographic mechanisms are tightly integrated into communication protocols. Issues emerge when security vulnerabilities are discovered in cryptographic mechanisms because their replacement would eventually require replacing deployed protocols. The concept of cryptographic agility is the solution to these issues because it allows dynamic switching of cryptographic algorithms and keys prior to and during the communication. Most of today's secure protocols implement cryptographic agility (IPsec, SSL/TLS, SSH), but cryptographic agility mechanisms cannot be used in a standalone manner. In order to deal with the aforementioned limitations, we propose a lightweight cryptographically agile agreement model, which is formally verified. We also present a solution in the Agile Cryptographic Agreement Protocol (ACAP) that can be adapted on various network layers, architectures and devices. The proposed solution is able to provide existing and new communication protocols with secure communication prerequisites in a straightforward way without adding substantial communication overhead. Furthermore, it can be used between previously unknown parties in an opportunistic environment. The proposed model is formally verified, followed by a comprehensive discussion about security considerations. A prototype implementation of the proposed model is demonstrated and evaluated.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2010

There is increasing consensus that global warming is seriously affecting the Arctic region. Sea Ice decreases and sea level rise have led to environmental change in Arctic Ecosystems, while also making the Arctic sea route more accessible to humans. There are complicated international governance dynamics in play, in addition to commercial and scientific interests in the Arctic region. This provides a unique opportunity for Korea to lead the future direction of Arctic policy in response to the global issues such as climate change and economic or scientific interests. Korea acquired Ad-hoc Observer status of the Arctic Council(AC) in 2008, which is the only pan-Arctic intergovernmental organization. It consists of six working groups: ACAP, AMAP, CAFF, PAME, EPPR, SDWG that implement research, survey, and monitoring. AC's Observer country has the opportunity to participate in a diverse range of activities such technical and expertise support, research and monitoring, financial support and conference organization. In order for Korea to expand its activities in the Arctic region, we suggest the following approach: First, Korea should become more actively engaged with the Arctic Council and its activities; Second, Korea should construct organized collaborative networks of national experts to respond to Arctic issues; Third, Korea should develop collaborations with Arctic states; Finally, Korea should intensify its research on international relations and international laws related to the Arctic region.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 2007

P2X receptors are membrane-bound ion channels that conduct $Na^+,\;K^+$, and $Ca^{2+}$ in response to ATP and its analogs. There are seven subunits identified so far ($P2X_1-P2X_7$). $P2X_2$ receptors are known to be expressed in a wide range of organs including brains and adrenal grands. PC12 cells are originated from adrenal grand and differentiated by nerve growth factor or pituitary adenylate cyclase activating poly peptide (PACAP). Previous studies indicate that $P2X_2$ receptor activation in PC12 cells couples to $Ca^{2+}-dependent$ release of catecholamine and ATP. It is known that acidic pH potentiates ATP currents at $P2X_2$ receptors. This leads to a hypothesis that $P2X_2$ receptors may play an important role in PC12 cell differentiation, one of the characteristics of which is neurite outgrowth, induced by the hormones under lower pH. In the present study, we isolated several clones which potentiate neurite outgrowth by PACAP in acidic pH (6.8), but not in alkaline pH (7.6). RT-PCR and electrophysiology data indicate that these clones express only functional $P2X_2$ receptors in the absence or presence of PACAP for 3 days. Potentiation of neurite outgrowth resulted from PACAP (100 nM) in acidic pH is inhibited by the two P2X receptor antagonists, suramin and PPADS ($100\;{\mu}M)$ each), and exogenous exprerssion of ATP-binding mutant $P2X_2$ receptor subunit ($P2X_2[K69A]$). However, acid sensing ion channels (ASICs) are not involved in PACAP-induced neurite outgrowth potentiation in lower pH since treatments of an inhibitor of ASICs, amyloride ($10\;{\mu}M$), did not give any effects to neurite extension. The vesicular proton pump ($H^+-ATPase$) inhibitor, bafilomycin (100 nM), reduced neurite extension indicating that ATP release resulted from $P2X_2$ receptor activation in PC12 cells is needed for neurite outgrowth. These were confirmed by activation of mitogen activated protein kinases, such as ERKs and p38. These results suggest roles of ATP and $P2X_2$ receptors in hormone-induced cell differentiation or neuronal synaptogenesis in local acidic environments.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.137-150
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• 2010

Traditionally, like many people in mountain region of the Himalaya, the Lwang communities depend on mix of subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry, and seasonal migrant labor for their livelihoods. These traditional systems are characterized by low productivity, diverse use of available natural resources (largely for home consumption), limited markets, and some aversion for innovation. The potential to generate wealth through commerce has largely been untapped by these mountain residents and thus is undervalued in local and national economies. Introduction of organic tea farming is a part of Lwang community's several initiatives to break the vicious poverty cycle Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP) played facilitating roles in all their efforts since beginning. In five years, the tea plantation emerged as a new means for secured a livelihood. This study aims to analyze the current practices in tea farming both in terms of farm management and soil nutrient status(technical) and the prosperity of the tea farmers (social). The technical aspect covers the soil and tea leaf analysis of various nutrients contents in the soil and tea leaf. Originally, the technical aspect of the study was not planned but later during the consultation with the advisor it was taken into consideration which added value to the research study. The sample were collected from different locations and analyzed on the field itself. The other part of the study i.e. the social aspect was done through questionnaire survey and focus group discussion. the tea farming provided them not only a new opportunity but also earned an identity in the region. This initiative was undertaken as a piloting measure. Now that the tea is in production with processing unit established locally, more serious consideration has to be given for better yield and economic prosperity. This research finding will help the community to analyze their efforts and make correction measures in tea garden management and application of fertilizer. It is also expected to fill up the gaps of knowledge and information required to reduce economic stresses and enhance capacity of farmers to make the tea farming a sustainable and beneficial business. The findings are expected to Sustainability of organic tea farming has direct impacts on biodiversity conservation compared to the other traditional farming practices that are more resource intensive. The study will also contribute to identify key action points required for reducing poverty while conserving environment and enhancing livelihoods