• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.343-352
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• 2015

H9 is an ethanol extract prepared from nine traditional/medicinal herbs. This study was focused on the anticancer effect of H9 in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. The effects of H9 on cell viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; ${\Delta}\psi_{m}$), and apoptosisrelated protein expression were investigated in A549 human lung cancer cells. In this study, H9-induced apoptosis was confirmed by propidium iodide staining, expression levels of mRNA were determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, protein expression levels were checked by western blot analysis, and MMP (${\Delta}\psi_{m}$) was measured by JC-1 staining. Our results indicated that H9 decreased the viability of A549 cells and induced cell morphological changes in a dose-dependent manner. H9 also altered expression levels of molecules involved in the intrinsic signaling pathway. H9 inhibited Bcl-xL expression, whereas Bax expression was enhanced and cytochrome C was released. Furthermore, H9 treatment led to the activation of caspase-3/caspase-9 and proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; the MMP was collapsed by H9. However, the expression levels of extrinsic pathway molecules such as Fas/FasL, TRAIL/TRAIL-R, DR5, and Fas-associated death receptor were downregulated by H9. These results indicated that H9 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis by activating intrinsic pathways but not extrinsic pathways in human lung cancer cells. Our results suggest that H9 can be used as an alternative remedy for human non-small-cell lung cancer.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.479-490
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• 2020

Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is well known for its role in allergic inflammation. For cancer, both pro- and anti-tumor effects of IL-9 were controversially reported, but the impact of IL-9 on tumor metastasis has not yet been clarified. In this study, IL-9 was expressed as a secretory form (sIL-9) and a membrane-bound form (mbIL-9) on B16F10 melanoma cells. The mbIL-9 was engineered as a chimeric protein with the transmembrane and cytoplasmic region of TNF-α. The effect of either mbIL-9 or sIL-9 expressing cells were analyzed on the metastasis capability of the cancer cells. After three weeks of tumor implantation into C57BL/6 mice through the tail vein, the number of tumor modules in lungs injected with IL-9 expressing B16F10 was 5-fold less than that of control groups. The percentages of CD4⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T cells, NK cells, and M1 macrophages considerably increased in the lungs of the mice injected with IL-9 expressing cells. Among them, the M1 macrophage subset was the most significantly enhanced. Furthermore, peritoneal macrophages, which were stimulated with either sIL-9 or mbIL-9 expressing transfectant, exerted higher anti-tumor cytotoxicity compared with that of the mock control. The IL-9-stimulated peritoneal macrophages were highly polarized to M1 phenotype. Stimulation of RAW264.7 macrophages with sIL-9 or mbIL-9 expressing cells also significantly increased the cytotoxicity of those macrophages against wild-type B16F10 cells. These results clearly demonstrate that IL-9 can induce an anti-metastasis effect by enhancing the polarization and proliferation of M1 macrophages.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3941-3944
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• 2015

Background: Aberrant expression of HOX gene expression has been observed in cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the alteration of HOXA5 and HOXA9 expression and their clinical significance in acute meloid leukemia (AML). Materials and Methods: The expression of HOXA5 and HOXA9 genes of bone marrow samples from 75 newly diagnosed AML patients and 22 healthy controls for comparison were examined by Real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) assay. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate HOXA5 and HOXA9 expression as possible biomarkers for AML. Results: The results showed that the complete remission rate (52.6%) of the patients who highly expressed HOXA5 and HOXA9 was significantly lower than that (88.9%) in patients who lowly express the genes (P=0.015). Spearmann correlation coefficients indicated that the expression levels for HOXA5 and HOXA9 genes were highly interrelated (r=0.657, P<0.001). Meanwhile, we detected significant correlations between HOXA9 expression and age in this limited set of patients (P=0.009). Conclusions: The results suggest a prognostic impact of increased expression of HOXA5 and HOXA9 in AML patients.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.423-428
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• 2005

Immediately after fertilization, a chromatin remodeling process in the oocyte cytoplasm extracts protamine molecules from the sperm-derived DNA and loads histones onto it. We examined how the histone H3-lysine 9 methylation system is established on the remodeled sperm chromatin in mice. We found that the paternal pronucleus was not stained for dimethylated H3-K9 (H3-$m_2K9$) during pronucleus development, while the maternal genome stained intensively. Such H3-$m_2K9$ asymmetry between the parental pronuclei was independent of $HP1{\beta}$ localization and, much like DNA methylation, was preserved to the two-cell stage when the nucleus appeared to be compartmentalized for H3-$m_2K9$. A conspicuous increase in H3-$m_2K9$ level was observed at the four-cell stage, and then the level was maintained without a visible change up to the blastocyst stage. The behavior of H3-$m_2K9$ was very similar, but not identical, to that of 5-methylcytosine during preimplantation development, suggesting that there is some connection between methylation of histone and of DNA in early mouse development.

• BMB Reports
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• 제42권9호
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• pp.568-573
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• 2009

Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) defects cause abnormal lipid accumulation in various tissues, which provides an opportunity to uncover novel genes that are involved in lipid metabolism. During a gene expression study in the riboflavin deficient induced FAO disorder in the chicken, we discovered the dramatic increase in mRNA levels of an uncharacterized gene, ANKRD9. No functions have been ascribed to ANKRD9 and its orthologs, although their sequences are well conserved among vertebrates. To provide insight into the function of ANKRD9, the expression of ANKRD9 mRNA in lipidperturbed paradigms was examined. The hepatic mRNA level of ANKRD9 was repressed by thyroid hormone ($T_3$) and fasting, elevated by re-feeding upon fasting. However, ANKRD9 mRNA level is reduced in response to apoptosis. Transient transfection assay with green fluorescent protein tagged- ANKRD9 showed that this protein is localized within the cytoplasm. These findings point to the possibility that ANKRD9 is involved in intracellular lipid accumulation.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.131-133
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• 1999

식물생장억제제 처리시 대조구에 비하여 초장이 짧아지는 것으로 나타났으며 uniconazole 처리가 B-9 처리보다 초장억제에 더욱 효과적이었으나 Thymus vulgaris 2,500mg/L B-9 처리시는 uniconazole 처리보다 초장이 짧은 결과를 보였다. 5,000mg/L B-9처리시 공시한 3종 모두의 삽수가 고사하였다. 신초수는 대조구에서 가장 많이 발생하였으며 B-9 처리시는 uniconazole 처리에 비하여 신초발생이 많았다. 잎에 대한 생장억제제의 처리 효과는 공시식물 모두 유의차가 적었으며 절간장은 초장과 같은 결과를 나타내었다. Mentha piperita, Origanum vulgare와 Thymus vulgaris 지하부 생육은 B-9이나 uniconazole에 의해 현저하게 영향 받지 않았다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.119-126
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• 1985

To evaluate the performance characteristics of CA 19-9 radioimmunoassay and the clinical significance of serum CA 19-9 assay in patients with malignancy, serum CA 19-9 levels were measured by radioimmunoassay using monoclonal antibody in 135 normal controls, 81 patients with various untreated malignancy, 9 patients of postoperative colon cancer without recurrence and 20 patients with benign gastrointestinal diseases, who visited Seoul National University Hospital from June, 1984 to March, 1985. The results were as follows; 1) The CA 19-9 radioimmunoassay was simple to perform and can be completed in one work day. And the between-assay reproducibility and the assay recovery were both excellent. 2) The mean serum CA 19-9 level in 135 normal controls was $8.4{\pm}4.2U/mL$. Normal upper limit of serum CA 19-9 was defined as 21.0 U/mL. 4 out of 135(3.0%) normal controls showed elevated CA 19-9 levels above the normal upper limit. 3) One out of 20(5.0%) patients with benign gastrointestinal diseases showed elevated serum CA 19-9 level above the normal upper limit. 4) In 81 patients with various' untreated malignancy, 41 patients(50.6%) showed elevated serum CA 19-9 levels. 66.7% of 18 patients with colorectal cancer, 100% of 2 patients with pancreatic cancer, 100% of 3 patients with common bile duct cancer, 47.1% of 17 patients with stomach cancer, 28.6% of 28 patients with hepatoma and 60.0% of 5 other gastrointestinal tract cancers showed elevated serum CA 19-9 levels. 5) The sensitivities of serum CA 19-9 related to resectability in colorectal and stomach cancer were 33.3% in resectable colorectal cancer, 83.3% in unresectable colorectal cancer, 41.7% in resectable stomach cancer, 60.0% in unresectable stomach cancer respectively. 6) The sensitivity of serum CA 19-9 in 9 patients of postoperative colorectal cancer without recurrence were 33.3% and significantly decreased compared with that of untreated colorectal cancer, 66.7% (p<0.05). 7) In patients with colorectal cancer, simultaneous measurement of serum CA 19-9 and serum CEA levels increased sensitivities. From above results, we concluded that serum CA 19-9 radioimmunoassay is simple to perform and reproducible, and is a useful indicator reflecting tumor extent and responses to the treatment in patients with malignancy.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2014

The aims of this paper are to characterize the transient overvoltages(TOVs) and to evaluate the risk occurring at 22.9kV consumer's substation. The measurements of lightning- and switching-caused TOVs were made during Mar. 2013 and Feb. 2014. As a consequence, 47 events of TOVs were recorded and 4 of them were higher than the input voltage envelope(IVE) of the information technology industry council(ITI) curve. The measured TOVs are characterized by longer front times and longer durations compared to the $1.2/50{\mu}s$ standard impulse voltage waveform, and some of them represent bipolar waves with lower oscillation frequencies. It suggests that the test of non-standard impulse voltage waveforms is needed for effective risk assessments of power apparatus. Lightning- and switching-caused TOVs exceeding IVE of ITI curve are induced at the secondary of 22.9kV potential transformer(PT). We may, therefore, conclude that the surge protection devices should be applied at the secondary of PT and the surge absorbers should be installed at the primary of VCB or PT. The results presented in this paper could be useful to design the reasonable insulation coordination for 22.9kV consumer's substation.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 1996

톡소포자충(Toxoplosma gondii) 주요막단백질의 하나인 30 kDa 단백질(p30)의 항원부위를 결정하고자 p30의 아미노산 분석에 따른 친수성 부위 및 혐수성 부위에 맞게 유전자를 증폭하고 발현시켜 항원성을 검토하였다 p30의 절편으로는 p30 전체 p30의 N-말단 Signal Sequence와 C- 탈단의 혐수성 부위를 제거한 S28. S28의 N-말단 2/3부위인 Al9. S28의 C-말단 2/3부위인 Pl9. 528의 N-탈난 1/3부위인 X9 중앙 1/3부위인 Y10 및 C-말단 1/5부위인 Z9로 구성하였다. 각절편에 대한 primer에는 EcoR I의 clampsequence를 포함시켜 중합효소반응으로 증폭시켰으며 G57를 발현하는 pGEX-4T-1 vector에 삽입시킨 후 Eschericha coli(.JM105 strain)에 형질변형시키고 IgG로 각 절편이 GST와 융합단백질로 발현되도록 하였다 SDS-PAGE상에서 p30은 63 kDa. S28는 54 kDa Al9과 Pl9은 각각 45 kDa. X9은 35 kDa. Y10은 36 kDa 및 29은 35 kDa 단백질로 발현되었다. 각각의 단백질은 westemblot상에서 GSTdetectionkit와 잘 반응하여 융합단백질임을 확인하였다. 톡소포자충증 환자 혈청과 westem blot에서 p30. S28 및 Al9은 반응하여 항원성이 인정되었으나 Pl9 . X9, Y10 및 Z9는 반응하지 않았다 따라서. p30의 중간 1/3 부위의 존재하에 N-말단 1/3부위가 항원성을 나타내는 구조적 항원이거나. 첫 1/3부위와 중 간 1/3부위의 경계에 위치한 polypeptide가 항원성을 발현하는 것으로 추정되었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2007

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays a pivotal role in the turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) and in the migration of normal and tumor cells in response to normal physiologic and numerous pathologic conditions. Here, we show that the transcription of the MMP-9 gene is induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in cells of a macrophage lineage (RAW 264.7 cells). We provide evidence that the NF-$\kappa$B binding site of the MMP-9 gene contributes to its expression in the LPS-signaling pathway, since mutation of NF-$\kappa$B binding site of MMP-9 promoter leads to a dramatic reduction in MMP-9 promoter activation. In addition, the degradation of l$\kappa$B$\alpha$;, and the presences of myeloid differentiation protein (MyD88) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated kinase 6 (TRAF6) were found to be required for LPS-activated MMP-9 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that functional interaction between NF-$\kappa$B and the MMP-9 promoter element is necessary for LPS-activated MMP-9 induction in RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, our observations demonstrate that NF-$\kappa$B contributes to LPS-induced MMP-9 gene expression in a mouse macrophage cell line.