• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2001

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the addition of ginseng meal to distillers feed on the silage quality, and feed intake and dry matter (DM) digestibility in goats. In Experiment I, three levels of ginseng meal (0.15, and 30%) were added to the distillers feed to make three types (treatment) of distillers feed silages (DFS), There were five replicates per treatment. Samples of 20 kg each were put into vinyl bag and vacuumed by an air compressor. Vinyl bags were kept at $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ for 30 days before being analyzed. In Experiment II, 12 male Korean native goats were employed to investigate the DM intake and digestibility of silages from Experiment I. There were 4 replicates per treatment. Daily feed intakes and fecal excretion were measured. In Experiment I, the silage pH decreased and the lactic acid increased significantly by the addition of ginseng meal (P

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.579-582
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• 1989

Previous experiments have shown that aqueous sodium silicate ingested in drinking water may modify the gastrointestinal uptake and(or) tissue retention of certain trace elements, including heavy metals. The present experiment tested, with a mineral balance trial using sheep, the hypothesis that dietary silicic acid could modify uptake, retention and(or) biological effects of dietary Cd. Twenty-four wethers were fed a fibrous diet of ground alfalfa hay and cottonseed hulls to which either 0 or 150 ppm Cd was added as $CdCl_2$ and 0, .5 or 1% silicic acid (as dry matter of the diet). Body weight, feed intake, excretion of urine (volume) and feces (weight), digestibility of dry and organic matter, retention of nitrogen, and packed cell volumes of blood were not affected by either Cd or silicic acid (P<.10). Cadmium decreased (P<.05) Ca retention and increased (P<.01) Mg retention. Silicic acid decreased (P<.05) K retention. Silicic acid failed (P<.01) to modify the retention of added dietary Cd. Body retention of K, Mn and Ni in response to silicic acid varied with Cd levels. If Cd is interfering with mineral retention, silicic acid may be effective in preventing this interference.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.688-696
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• 2018

Ginseng and probiotics have anti-obesity effects in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Absorption of ginsenoside and colonization of probiotics occur in the intestine. In this study, a mixture of fermented ginseng and two probiotics, Bifidobacterium longum BORI and Lactobacillus paracasei CH88, was administered to HFD-fed mice for 9 weeks. The mixture significantly suppressed weight gain (p < 0.05, n = 8) and lipid deposition in the liver and adipose tissues as well as increased the mice's food intake. The adipocyte size of the adipose tissue was significantly decreased in the mixture-fed group, especially when 0.5% fermented ginseng and $5{\times}10^8/ml$ of the two probiotics were used (p < 0.05, n = 10). The expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ in adipose tissue was efficiently downregulated in the mixture-fed group (p < 0.05, n = 4). The supplement also improved the mice's fasting blood glucose levels (p < 0.05, n = 8) and total cholesterol feces excretion (p < 0.05, n = 8). The mixture of fermented ginseng and B. longum BORI and L. paracasei CH88 could have an anti-obesity effect and suppress lipid deposit in the liver and adipose tissues.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 1975

In order to study the dally metabolism of sodium chloride and of nitrogen, 24-hour urine samples were collected from 1,593 normal Korean females whose ages varied from 2 to 80 years old. The volume, the concentration of chloride and the osmolality of the urine, add the total nitrogen were determined, along with the resting pulse rate and the blood pressure. The daily urine volume was maintained at $1,000{\sim}1,300\;ml/m^2/day$ in all age groups while the chloride concentration and osmolality of the urine samples were approximately 200 mEq/liter and 600 milliosmoles, respectively, in most of age groups. Hence the daily urinary output of sodium chloride was estimated to be approximately $15g/m^2$/day in adult groups. On the other hand, the daily excretion of total nitrogen amouted to approximately $5{\sim}6g/m^2/day$. These findings indicated that the average Korean females live on low-protein and high-salt diets throughout their life. Despite a known correlation between the incidence of hypertension and the high salt intake, none of the subjects employed in this work showed any sign of hypertension.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.211-220
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• 1992

Both hydrolysed guar gum and polydextrose have been used as a major fiber source in preparations of unctional drink products and other food products. In this study we determined the effects of these fibers on lipid metabolism of normal rats with two different dietary fat levels by using cellulose as the control. Serum total lipid triglyceride total cholesterol and HDL-colesterol were determined with proper enzymatic methods. Feed intake weight gain and feed efficiency ratio were also calcula-ted. Polydextrose-fed group showed lower serum triglyceride level than hydrolysed guar gum-fed group regardless of fat level used in this study without changing total lipid level in the serum. We also observed that polydextrose-fed group showed low serum cholesterol level nummerically high serum HDL-cholestrol level and more excretion of fecal neutral sterols when compare with those values of hydrolysed guar gum-fed group. The results indicate that polydextrose might have more beneficial roles in lipid metabolism when compare with hydrolysed guar gum.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2009

This study investigated the beneficial effects of crude saponins from soybean cake on body weight and glucose tolerance in high-fat (37% calories from fat) diet fed C57BL/6 mice. The mice were supplemented with three doses of saponins (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%, wt/wt) and 1.0% Garcinia cambogia (wt/wt), positive control for 9 weeks. The body weight, visceral fat weight and epididymal adipocyte area were significantly reduced in the saponin supplemented groups in a dose dependent manner compared to the high-fat group. Saponins did not significantly affect food intake; however, cambogia significantly lowered food intake compared to the high-fat fed control group. The crude saponins from soybean cake supplement significantly lowered plasma leptin, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, whereas they significantly elevated the fecal excretion of triglyceide in a dose dependent manner compared to the high-fat group. Cambogia did not affect the fecal excretion of lipid in the diet-induced obese mice. Supplementation of 1.5% saponin reduced the hepatic triglyceride content compared to the high-fat group. High-fat induced glucose intolerance with the elevation of blood glucose levels compared to the normal group; however, the saponins supplement significantly improved postprandial glucose levels. After 9 weeks of being fed a high-fat diet, the mice presented with significantly increased activities of hepatic fatty acid synthase and fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation; however, saponins and cambogia normalized these activities. These results indicate that saponins from soybean cake exhibit a potential anti-obesity effect and may prevent glucose intolerance by reducing body weight and plasma lipids, increasing fecal lipid excretion and regulating hepatic lipid metabolism in high-fat fed mice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.406-414
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• 1997

It has been known that dietary phytate decreases the absorption of body zinc pool which is composed of the dietary and endogenous zinc in the body. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of phytate on the absorption of total bodyzinc in Zn-depleted rats. Rats were Zn-depleted with either low(0.8%) or high(1.6%) Ca diet containing sodium phytate for 4 weeks. After zinc depletion, rats were assigned into phytate or non-phytate dietary groups within each low-or high-Ca dietary group. ant feces were collected for 2 weeks of the initial collection and 1 week after dietary crossover, during which the phytate and the non-phytate diet was switched over within the same Ca group. The content of Zn and Ca measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and phytate content was analyzed. food intake was higher in the high Ca group than in the low Ca group(p <0.0001), and was also higher in the non-phytate group than in the phytate group(p <0.0001). Food intake and phytate level affected body weight gain in rats(p <0.0001). Zinc excretion in the total feces was higher in the phytate group than in the non-phytate group at both low and high Ca level(p <0.0001), except during the crossover collection period in high Ca group. Calcium, however, didn't show any synergistic effect on phytate effect(p <0.05). This study showed that phytate decreased the absorption of total body zinc at both low and high Ca levels in Zn-depleted rats. A large portion of total body zinc originated from the endogenous zinc pool in these rats. The results of the present study showed the same effect of phytate on the endogenous zinc in Zn-depleted rats as in a previous study, confirming that phytate adversely affects zinc bioavailability, especially under marginal and poor zinc nutrition.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.364-373
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• 2003

Purpose: For good quality of myocardial perfusion images, an approximately 30 min to 1 hour of waiting time after radiopharmaceutical injection and ingestion of fatty meal are asked of the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the shortening of waiting time after radiopharmaceutical injection and improvement of image quality using natural plant extracts that promote bile excretion. Materials and Methods: Ten volunteers participated in protocol 1 (7 men, 3 women; mean age, $24.1{\pm}2.4$ years) and protocol 2 (8 men, 2 women; mean age, $26.1{\pm}2.9$ years), respectively. For the modified method of both protocols, subjects took natural plant extracts 15 minutes before the first injection of $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI without laking fatty meals. Control (Conventional) methods were peformed with intake of a fatty meal 20 to 30 minutes after $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI injection. Results: As the results of protocol 1 and 2, the ratio of myocardial to lung ratio were not different between modified and conventional method. Liver to lung ratio of modified method showed significantly lower value than that of conventional method. In modified method, myocardial to liver ratio was higher persistently. In protocol 2, natural plant extracts took before the first injection of $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI exerted accelerating effect of excretion of bile juice into Intestine until the end of examination. Conclusion: These results represent that natural plant extracts for facilitation of bile excretion before injection of $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI may provide better quality of myocardial perfusion images without the need for preparations such as ingestion of fatty meal within the 2 hours compared with conventional method.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary Escherichia coli phytase supplementation on growth performance, carcass quality and excretion of copper and zinc concentrations in finishing pigs. The total of seventy two [(Landrace×Yorkshire)×Duroc] pigs(65.43±0.72 kg in average initial body weight) were used in 56 days assay. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (basal diet) 2) P5(basal diet+phytase 0.05%) and 3) P10 (basal diet + phytase 0.1%). There were three dietary treatments with six replicate pens per treatment and four pigs per pen. During the overall periods, ADFI(Average daily feed intake) was increased (P<0.05) in phytase supplementation treatments compared to CON treatment. At the 5th week, dry matter, nitrogen and ash digestibilities were higher in P5 treatment than in CON and P10 treatments(P<0.05) and CON treatment showed the lowest effect on nutrition digestibility(P<0.05). However, phosphorus digestibility was higher in both phytase supplementation treatments than in CON treatment(P<0.05). The pH of M. logissimus dorsi was significantly higher in CON treatment than phytase supplementation treatments(P<0.05). L* value of M. logissimus dorsi muscle color was significantly increased(P<0.05) in P10 treatment compared to CON and P5 treatments. Also, a* value was increased (P<0.05) in CON treatment compared with phytase supplementation treatments. However, excretion of copper and zinc concentrations were no significant difference among the treatments. In conclusion, the effect of Escherichia coli phytase showed in ADFI, digestibilities, pH and color of meat in finishing pigs.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships among zinc status, diet quality, glycemic control and self-rated physical activity level of type 2 diabetic patients. Dietary intakes for two non-consecutive days were measured by 24-hour recall method for seventy-six diabetic patients. Fasting blood glucose and HbA1c were measured for the assessment of glycemic control. We evaluated the extent of dietary adequacy by the percentage of subjects with a dietary intake of a nutrient less than the estimated average requirement(EAR), the dietary diversity score(DDS) and the dietary variety score(DVS). Zinc status was assessed from serum levels and urinary excretion. Dietary inadequacy was serious for five nutrients: riboflavin, calcium, thiamin, zinc and vitamin C. Dietary intakes from the meat, fish, and egg food groups and the milk food group were below the recommended level. We found that subjects with high levels of physical activities had significantly higher DVS and serum zinc levels compared to others (p