• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.661-670
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• 1999

Effects of Ca supplementation on blood pressure(BP) response to dietary Na level were studied in 15 normotensive healthy college women with family history of hypertension. All subjects, randomly divided into 3 groups, ate low Na diet(1816mg/day) prepared in the laboratory during the first 2 weeks and normal Na diet(4064mg/day) of their own home for the next 8 weeks. The one group received daily 1g Ca supplement at both low and normal Na diet periods, the second group took daily 1g Ca supplement only at normal a diet period, and the last group took placebo during both periods. Average Ca and energy intakes at the basal of and during the trial ranged 450-600mg and 1735-1878kcal, respectively. Systolic/diastolic BP was decreased by 9.2-9.8/4.4-4.5 mmHg during low Na diet period and was increased again during next normal Na diet period. However simultaneous Ca supplementation during both low and normal Na diet period suppressed the elevation of systolic/diastolic BP occurred at normal Na diet period. Ca supplementation only at normal Na diet peroid did not affect the BP elevation. The increase of serum Ca and Ca/Mg ratio and the decrease of serum Na and Na/K ratio might be related to the BP lowering effects of Ca supplementation. In conclusion, Ca supplement could attenuate BP elevation induced by increasing Na intake. The BP lowering effect of Ca supplementation was not appeared at low Na intake. Further studies were needed to make it certain. Low Na intake was also confirmed as an effective diet control for lowering blood pressure.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.381-390
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• 2008

본 실험은 콜레스테롤식이와 운동수행이란 두 조건을 심순환기 질환의 관련지표로서 혈장 및 간의 지질, 적혈구막의 Na efflux 그리고 혈소판 응집성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 조사하였다. 운동에 의해서 체중이 다소 감소하였지만 그렇게 크지는 않았다. 라드를 주 지방원으로 사용한 식이에 0.5% 콜레스테롤첨가는 혈중 콜레스테롤을 2배 이상, 간 콜레스테롤을 8배 이상 증가시켰고 HDL-콜레스테롤을 절반 이하로 떨어뜨렸는데, 특히 운동효과로 예상했던 HDL-콜레스테롤증가는 대조군식이나 콜레스테롤식이에서 나타나지 않았다. 혈중 중성지방은 콜레스테롤 식이군에서 오히려 감소하였고 간의 경우 지방 축척으로 인해 간의 크 기뿐만 아니라 간의 중성지방은 현저히 증가되었다. 체액량 조절 및 혈압과 관계에서 조사된 적혈구의 Na efflux는 Na-K ATPase가 콜레스테롤 식이에 의해 그 활성을 감소되었고 운동이 이를 다소 회복시키는 경향을 보였다. 혈압과의 상관성이 높다고 알려진 Na passive leak은 콜레스테롤과 운동이 각각 독립적으로 증가시키는 요인으로 작용하여 콜레스테롤-운동군이 대조군식이-비운동군에 비해 현저히 증가된 것으로 나타났다. 총 Na efflux는 실험군 간에 큰 차이가 없었고 intracellular Na와의 상관성도 보이질 않았다. 혈소판응집성에 있어서 콜레스테롤식이가 혈소판 응집을 증가시키고 특히 운동이 초기응집을 증가시키는 경향을 보였다. 혈장 GOT 및 GPT수치는 콜레스테롤식이로 인해 현저히 증가됨으로서 간의 병리적 상태를 잘 반영하였고 운동에 의해 감소됨으로서 운동수행이 술이나 고지방식으로 인한 지방간을 호전시켜 줄 수 있으리라 기대할 수 있다. 고지혈증이나 고혈압 환자에 있어서 비약물적 요법으로 식이나 운동을 통한 치료나 예방의 가능성을 규명하기 위한 실험의 결과로서 특히 운동에 대해 일관되고 가시적인 효과가 미흡한 것은 6주간의 짧은 실험기간을 생각할 수 있는데 혈청 지질, Na flux 및 체액, 혈소판 응집성 등 심순환기 질환의 예방에 도움이 되는 운동의 형태나 강도 혹은 지속 기간에 대한 더 많은 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.200-205
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• 2007

The effects of taurine on plasma and liver cholesterol, erythrocyte ouabain sensitive Na efflux and platelet aggregation were examined in Sprague Dawley rats fed control or 0.5% cholesterol with 0.2% cholate diet. Plasma and liver levels of total cholesterol were increased significantly (p<0.05) in rats fed cholesterol diet compared to the control, and taurine significantly decreased the elevated plasma level of cholesterol in rats fed cholesterol diet (p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol was decreased in groups fed the cholesterol diet regardless of taurine supplementation and the difference between groups with and without cholesterol was significant (p<0.01). Plasma triglyceride was decreased and liver triglyceride was increased both significantly (p<0.05) in rats fed cholesterol compared to the control. Plasma and liver triglyceride in rats fed taurine was decreased significantly compared to the control (p<0.05). Intracellular Na tended to be lower in rats fed cholesterol or taurine and higher in rats fed cholesterol plus taurine compared to the control. Na efflux through Na-K ATPase and the passive leak of Na was somewhat reduced in rats fed cholesterol or taurine and was augmented in rats fed cholesterol plus taurine compared to the control, which showed a similar trend to the intracellular Na. Taurine supplementation caused a suppression of Na efflux in groups fed control diet and restored the suppressed Na efflux in groups fed cholesterol. Platelet aggregation was significantly decreased in the group fed taurine compared to the control (p<0.05) and the group fed cholesterol plus taurine was also a little lower in aggregation than the group fed cholesterol. Microscopic examination showed that taurine prevented fatty liver in rats fed cholesterol diet. Taurine known for stimulating Na-K ATPase in some cell types rather decreased erythrocyte ouabain sensitive Na-K ATPase in the present study. Taurine had hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic effects and inhibited platelet aggregation which may be favorable for prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.22-31
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• 1992

병원식 중 고혈압 환자를 위한 저염식 내의 고혈압에 영향을 끼치는 식이성 요인인 Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mg을 측정하고, 식이 성분표를 이용하여 무기성분을 계산한 다른보고와 비교하여 실제 함량을 파악하고, 저염식과 일반식을 비교하여 공급량의 실태를 조사 하였다. 이러한 연구는 고혈압 환자를 위한 저염식 식단 작성시의 기준을 구하고 기존 자료의 실제 활용면에 기초가 되며, 고혈압 환자의 치료와 예방에 도움이 되고자 한다. 대구직할시 C종합병원에서 1990년 6월 26일에서 28일 사이에 일반식과 저염식 각각 3일분을 채취하여 식이내 Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mg의 함량을 측정하였으며 그결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 1일 열량 섭취랑은 일반식과 저염식 모두 2300kcal를 기준으로 하였다. 2) NA의 1일 섭취량은 일반식은 3580.3mg, 저염식은 2510.0mg이다. 3) K의 1일 섭취량은 일반식은 676.1mg, 저염식은 2510.0mg이다. 3) K의 1일 섭취량은 일반식은 676.1mg, 저염식은 1132.9mg이다. 일반식과 저염식 모두 미국인 정상인을 위한 최저요구량에 미달되었고, Na/K의 섭취비도 1에 가깝게 낮춰야 하므로 K의 섭취를 증가시켜야 고혈압 환자의 치료와 예방에 효과가 클 것으로 사료된다. 4) Ca의 1일 섭취량은 일반식은 662.9mg, 저염식은 605.4mg이다. 일반식과 저염식 모두 정상인을 위한 권장량에 가깝고 고혈압에는 Ca섭취를 증가시켜야 하므로 유제품의 섭취가 증가되어야 할것이다. 5) Mg의 1일 섭취량은 일반식은 443.1mg, 저염식은 278.7mg이다. 일반식은 미국인 권장량 보다 높고 저염식은 권장량에 가깝다. 고혈압에는 Mg의 섭취를 증가시키는 것이 더욱 바람직하다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 1991

To evaluate the acute and chronic effects of potassium on aldosterone response to different amounts of sodium intake, two series of experiments were conducted. In the first series of experiments, when the plasma K level was increased acutely by KCI infusion $(20\;{\mu}g/kg/min\;for\;20 min)$, plasma aldosterone concentration increased in both low Na and high Na groups. However, the aldosterone response to K infusion was significantly greater in the low Na than in the high Na groups. In the second series of experiments, rats fed a high K diet chronically showed a significantly higher plasma K level than those fed a low K diet. However, plasma Na level was maintained relatively constant independent of the Na intake. Both the plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone levels were inversely related to the Na intake. There was a highly positive correlation between aldosterone level and PRA over a wide range of sodium intakes. However, the slope of the correlation line was distinctly steeper in the K-repleted than in the K-depleted rats. The above results indicate that the adrenotropic action of acute K load was augmented in the presence of high plasma renin levels. However, when plasna K level was elevated chronically by a high-K diet, aldosterone secretion was markedly stimulated, although the plasma lenin levels were suppressed.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.87-97
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• 2019

Phytate induced excessive mineral excretion through poultry litter leads to poor performance and environmental pollution. Exogenous microbial phytase supplementation to poultry diets reduce the environmental excretion of nutrient and improve bird's performance. However, excessive dietary sodium (Na) level may hinder the phytase-mediated phytate hydrolysis and negate the beneficial effects of phytase. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentration dietary Na on phytase activity and subsequent impact on broiler performance, bone mineralisation and nutrient utilisation. In this study, six experimental diets, consisting of three different levels of Na (1.5, 2.5, or 3.5 g/kg) and two levels of microbial phytase (0 or 500 U/kg) were formulated by using $3{\times}2$ factorial design. The six experimental diets were offered to 360 day-old Ross 306 male chicks for 35 days, where, each experimental diet consisted of 6 replicates groups with 10 birds. Along with growth performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal enzyme activity, dry matter (DM) content of litter and mineral status in bone were analysed. Dietary Na and phytase had no effect on bode weight gain and feed intake. Birds on the low Na diet showed higher (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the mid-Na diets. High dietary Na adversely affected (p < 0.001) excreta DM content. Phytase supplementation to the high-Na diet increased (p < 0.01) the litter ammonia content. High dietary Na with phytase supplementation improved ($Na{\times}phytase$, p < 0.05) the AME value and ileal digestibility of Ca and Mg. The total tract retention of Ca, P, and Mg was reduced with high Na diet, which was counteracted by phytase supplementation ($Na{\times}phytase$, p < 0.001). The diets containing mid-level of Na improved (p < 0.001) the function of Na-K-ATPase and Mg-ATPase in the jejunum. The overall results indicate that high dietary Na did not affect phytase activity but influenced the nutrient utilization of birds, which was not reflected in bird overall performance.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.500-508
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• 2007

고혈압의 유발 원인과 관련이 있는 나트륨의 섭취를 줄일 수 있는 방법을 모색하기 위해 건강한 20대 성인여성 9명을 대상으로 NaCl-KCl 혼합식염으로 조리한 식이를 섭취하도록 한 후 24시간 소변으로 배설되는 나트륨 양을 조사하여 나트륨 섭취량이 평상시보다 어느 정도 감소되는가를 보고자 하였다. 1) 3일간의 일상식이 섭취상태를 조사한 결과 연구대상자들이 섭취한 1일 평균 열량은 1,872.0 kcal였으며 나트륨과 칼륨의 1일 평균 섭취량은 각각 178.2 ${\pm}$ 46.0 mEq, 56.4 ${\pm}$ 21.9 mEq로 나타났다. 2) 실험기간동안 제공된 실험 식이에서 대상자들이 섭취한 열량은 평균 2,031.2 kcal였으며 나트륨의 섭취량은 평균 130.2 mEq이었으며, 칼륨의 섭취량은 평균 120.4 mEq이었다. 3) 조사대상자들의 혈압은 실험 시작 전 수축기 혈압과 이완기 혈압의 평균이 각각 104.6 ${\pm}$ 4.9 mmHg, 69.2 ${\pm}$ 6.3 mmHg였다. 실험식이 섭취 기간 동안 수축기 혈압과 이완기 혈압은 각각 108.1 ${\pm}$ 8.0 mmHg, 70.4 ${\pm}$ 5.7 mmHg로 나타났다. 4) 일상식이 섭취기간동안 소변의 평균 나트륨과 칼륨의 배설량은 각각 139.6 ${\pm}$ 37.3 mEq, 27.7 ${\pm}$ 14.7 mEq이었다. 소변의 나트륨/칼륨 비율은 6.6 ${\pm}$ 4.1이었다. 실험식이 섭취기간동안 소변의 평균 나트륨과 칼륨의 배설량은 각각 100.2 ${\pm}$ 14.5 mEq, 37.1 ${\pm}$ 7.4 mEq이었다. 소변의 나트륨/칼륨 비율은 2.8 ${\pm}$ 0.6이었다. 소변 중 나트륨 배설량과 나트륨/칼륨 비율은 실험식이 섭취기간에 유의적으로 감소하였다 (p < 0.05). 본 연구 결과 NaCl-KCl 혼합식염 식이는 나트륨의 섭취를 감소시키고 칼륨의 섭취를 증가시켜 나트륨/칼륨의 섭취비를 이상적인 수준인 1에 가깝게 변화시켜 주는 것으로 나타나 고혈압의 예방에 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다. 특히 짠맛에 대한 기호도가 높은 우리나라 사람들에게 짠맛에 대한 기호도를 변화시키지 않고도 실제로 식생활에서 나트륨 섭취를 감소시킬 수 있는 구체적 방안을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 그러나 본 연구는 정상혈압을 가진 성인 여성을 대상으로 하였으므로 고혈압 환자 또는 나트륨과 관련이 있는 환자를 대상으로 한 실험이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 또한 소금 섭취가 높은 대상자들이나 나트륨의 섭취를 제한해야 하는 사람들에게 KCl을 이용한 혼합식염을 공급하여 나트륨 섭취를 감소시킴으로써 얻을 수 있는 건강증진 효과에 대한 후속 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다. 그러나 한편으로는 염화칼륨을 보충제로 과도하게 섭취할 경우 위장장애 등을 일으킬 수 있다고 알려져 있으므로 적절한 섭취량을 찾는 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1594-1600
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• 2010

A study was conducted to determine the dietary effects of a clay mineral (sodium bentonite, NaB) on manure gas emission, health, production, and meat characteristics of Hanwoo steers. Two diets fed to steers included a control diet (concentrate mix and rice straw) and a treatment diet (control diet+1.0% clay mineral/concentrate mix). Dietary NaB addition considerably reduced concentrations of gases ($H_2S$, $SO_2$ and $NH_3$) in the manure of Hanwoo steers. Growing steers fed NaB had similar blood profiles with the exception of lower (p<0.05) concentrations of blood alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. Dietary NaB addition tended to increase (p = 0.10) live weight by 30 kg at slaughtering and did not affect carcass yield and quality traits. Dietary NaB addition increased concentrations of P (p<0.01), Mg (p<0.01), Na (p<0.01), Zn (p<0.005), K (p = 0.08), Fe (p = 0.08) and Cu (p = 0.07) in the longissimus muscle compared to the control but did not affect (p>0.05) fatty acid composition. The study demonstrated that the dietary addition of a clay mineral could be effective in improving mineral bioavailability to Hanwoo steers, which could be one of the reasons for their improved performance.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문요약집
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• pp.19-19
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• 2003

This presentation reviewed the dietary vitamin C requirements in main marine finfish culture in Korea. In experiment I, an II-week feeding trial was conducted to study the effects of the different levels of dietary vitamin C on growth, tissue ascorbic acid concentrations and histopathological changes in parrot fish. Casein and gelatin based diets were formulated to contain 0, 60, 120, 240, 480 and 2000mg L-ascorbic acid (AA)kg diets on Ah equivalent basis in the form of L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate (AMP), 60 and 240 mg AA/kg diet as L-ascorbic acid. Broken line analysis of weight gain indicated that the dietary vitamin C requirement of parrot fish is l18$\pm$12 mg AA/kg diet in the form of L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate for maximum growth. In experiment II, a 12-week experiment was conducted to compare L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate-Ca (AMP-Ca) with L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate-Na/Ca (AMP-Na/Ca) for supplying the dietary vitamin C for juvenile Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. Fish were fed one of 11 semi-purified diets containing equivalent of 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg ascorbic acid (AA)kg diet in the form of AMP-Ca or AMP-Na/Ca for 12 weeks. Broken line analysis of weight gain indicated that the dietary vitamin C requirement of Korean rockfish is 100 mg AA/kg diet in the form of AMP-Na/Ca, and 117 nag AA/kg diet in the form of AMP-Ca. In experiment III, a 12-week experiment was conducted to study the effects of different dietary levels of vitamin C, L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate (ASPP), on growth and tissue vitamin C concentrations in juvenile olive flounder. Fish were fed one of six semi-purified diets containing an equivalent of 0, 25, 50, 75, 150, or 1500 mg ascorbic acid (AA) kg 1 diet in the form of ASPP for 12 weeks. Based on broken line analyses for WG and PER, the optimum dietary levels of vitamin C were 91 and 93 mg AA/kg diet, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 1997

An experiment was conducted to clarify the effects of dietary supplementation of monensin or salinomycin on mineral utilization of growing goats. Six goats weighing 10.54 kg initially were randomly assigned to treatments in a replicated $3{\times}3$ Latin square design. Treatments were a basal diet, basal plus 30 ppm monensin and basal plus 20 ppm salinomycin on a DM basis. The basal diet was a mixture of Italian ryegrass wafer, soybean meal, ground maize and $CaCO_3$ with DM proportions of 50, 13.76, 36 and 0.24%, respectively. Each period lasted for 21 days, and the apparent absorption and retention of minerals were measured during the last 7 days of each period. Salinomycin supplementation improved NDF digestibility and plasma glucose. The apparent absorption and retention of Ca, P, Mg, Na and K were not influenced by the treatments. The concentrations of plasma Ca, P, Mg, Na, K and Cl were similar in all treatments. The ionophore supplementation had no significant effect on acid excretion. The results suggest that 30 ppm monensin or 20 ppm salinomycin supplementation is not effective in improving the utilization of Ca, P, Mg, Na and K in growing goats fed a diet composed of the 50% concentrate.