• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
• /
• 2006.06a
• /
• pp.725-730
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is on the performance evaluation of horizontally installed GHEX(Geothermal Heat Exchanger, HGHEX) which has been operated for 5 years successfully. Followings are the results. Firstly, in summer season, on Aug. 2000, $33^{\circ}C$ water was flowing out from HGHEX with continuous operating method, and $27{\sim}29^{\circ}C$ with interval operating method on Jul. 2005. But $2.5{\sim}3.0^{\circ}C$ temperature differences are gained from HGHEX. Secondly, in winter season, on Nov. 2000, $25^{\circ}C$ water was flowing out from HGHEX with continuous operating method, and $13{\sim}15^{\circ}C$ with interval operating method on Jan. 2006. But with each operating method, only $0.1^{\circ}C$ and $0.7^{\circ}C$ temperature differences are gained from HGHEX respectively. As the conclusion of this study, at the point of continuos operating method, seasonal balance of heating and cooling loads, and at the point of interval operating method, balance for geothermal restoring time respectively must be considered for better system performances.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.122-130
• /
• 2019

Objectives: The medicinal plants are believed to enhance the natural resistance of the body to infections. Some of the main constituents of the plant and derived materials such as, proteins, lectins and polysaccharides have anti-inflammatory effects. Portulaca oleracea (P. oleracea) were used traditionally for dietary, food additive, spice and various medicinal purposes. This review article is focus on the anti-asthmatic effects of P. oleracea and its constituents. Methods: Various databases, such as the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched the keywords including "Portulaca oleracea", "Quercetin", "Anti-inflammatory", "Antioxidant", "Cytokines", "Smooth muscle ", and " Relaxant effects " until the end of Jul 2018. Results: P. oleracea extracts and its constituents increased $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-2, $IFN{\gamma}/IL-4$ and IL- 10/IL-4 ratio, but decreased secretion of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4 and chemokines in both in vitro and in vivo studies. P. oleracea extracts and quercetin also signifcantly decreased production of NO, stimulated ${\beta}$-adrenoceptor and/or blocking muscarinic receptors in tracheal smooth muscles. Conclusion: P. oleracea extracts and quercetin showed relatively potent anti-asthmatic effects due to decreased production of NO, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, reduced oxidant while enhanced antioxidant markers, and also showed potent relaxant effects on tracheal smooth muscles via stimulatory on ${\beta}$-adrenoceptor or/and blocking muscarinic receptors.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.242-246
• /
• 2018

This is the first report of Scomberoides lysan (Perciformes: Carangidae) from Korea. Two specimens (334 and 354 mm standard length) were collected by a set net from the coastal waters of Jejudo Island on 30 September, 2010. This species is characterized and distinguishable from a morphologically similar Scomberoides tol as follows. It has the posterior end of maxilla reaching to the posterior margin of eye (vs. not reaching in S. tol) and two rows of 5~8 small blotches on both sides of body (vs. one row of blotches). We add S. lysan to the Korean fish fauna and propose a new Korean name, "Du-jeom-jul-ga-si-jeon-gaeng-i" for the species because it has two series of dusk blotches on both sides of body.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.57 no.2
• /
• pp.127-133
• /
• 2021

A single specimen of Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus, 1758 belonging to the family Chaetodontidae was collected on September 8, 2013 in Yerae-dong, Seogwipo-si, Jeju Island, Korea. The morphological characteristics of C. vagabundus are similar to C. auriga and C. auripes in having dark vertical stripes cross the eye, but differs from C. auriga, which has high dorsal fin extended between spine and soft rays without concavity and has blotch of circle in dorsal fin, and from C. auripes which has yellow body, big of eye proportion and a black stripe along the caudal peduncle during the immature stage. C. vagabundus has eye-like black spots on dorsal fin and black vertical stripe extended from the anterior dorsal soft ray to the middle of the anal fin along the caudal peduncle. Molecular analysis results showed that our specimen perfectly matched C. vagabundus in the mitochondrial DNA COI sequences. Therefore, we use the Korean name, "Hwang-jul-na-bi-go-gi" for C. vagabundus proposed by Kim et al. (2020).

• Journal of TMJ Balancing Medicine
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.20-24
• /
• 2021

Objectives: This study was designed to report the clinical improvement of the patient with glossodynia. Methods: During the treatment period (from Jul. 7^th, 2021 to Aug. 3^rd), a patient was treated using acupuncture, Korean Medicine, pharmacopuncture and FCST (Functional Cerebrospinal Therapy). Symptoms were evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Results: After the treatments for 28 days, the OHIP-14 score decreased from 53 to 7. Also, the patient's VAS score decreased from 6 to 0. Conclusions: Korean medicine treatment with FCST may be valuable for glossodynia patients. Nevertheless further studies are needed.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.71-82
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The study was aimed to investigate the effects of warm fluid used during surgery on the patients' hypothermia prophylaxis and recovery after surgery. Methods: This data were collected from Jul. 13 to Nov. 31. 2009 at S hospital in M City. 60 patients who met the selection criteria were recruited in the study and divided into two groups. The warmed fluids were used for 30 patients in the experimental group, and the fluids in room air temperature were used for the others in the control group. Collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS/win 18.0. Results: The body temperatures of the control group were significantly lower during surgery than those of the experimental group (p<.001). Shivering was significantly less occurred in the experimental group than the control group (p=.018). The experimental group used warmed fluids recovered faster than the control group. Conclusion: Warming fluid for the patients with general anesthesia was revealed to be effective in decreasing hypothermia during surgery, reducing shivering, helping recovery from the anesthesia. Further research is warranted to refine and apply this evidence in nursing practice.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.49-62
• /
• 2023

This research aims to investigate Park Kilyong's architectural theory and critique of Gyeongseong (Seoul) buildings, expressed in his 'Overview of Modern Buildings in Gyeongseong' and 'Critique of Gyeongseong Buildings' (Samcheolli, Sept. and Oct. 1935); and 'Architectural Form of the 100% Function' and 'The Modern and Architecture (1)-(4)' (Dong-A Daily, 28 Jul. to 1 Aug. 1936). As a result, it is confirmed that Park had the functionalist theory of modern architecture, which suggests that Korean architects of the Japanese colonial period were accommodating the contemporary trend of world architecture. However, Park shows his fundamental limitations in the fact that the main content of his articles was a verbatim translation of two Japanese references (Kurata, 1927; Ishihara, 1929) without proper indications. Despite the limitations, his texts are still meaningful since he formed his own architectural theory on the basis of what he translated; and indeed his critique of Gyeongseong buildings, however simple, was based on the theory. This research makes a critical analysis of Park's functionalist theory from both the 1930s' and present points of view and compares his commentaries on Gyeongseong architecture with those by Ko Yu-seop (1932) and Hong Yunsick (1937), illustrating how Korea perceived architecture and modernism in 1930s.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.57 no.2
• /
• pp.169-176
• /
• 2024

On November 9, 2022, a goatfish (Mullidae) that had not been previously reported in Korea was collected during offshore fisheries resources research near Jeju Island. Based on the morphological identification, this goatfish was identified as the genus Upeneus owing to the presence of palatine teeth and vomerine teeth, as well as the proximal part of anterior part of second dorsal fin. Additionally, through molecular identification, the previously unreported goatfish was identified as U. subvittatus with a 99.8% match in the mtDNA COI region. Goatfish U. subvittatus has no patterns on its body and dark bands on both the lower and upper caudal fins, making it well distinguishable from the four species of genus Upeneus reported in Korea. U. vittatus, reported in Japan, showed morphological differences from U. subvittatus in that the dark band on the lower lobe of the caudal fin was wider, and longitudinal stripes were present on the body. Based on the morphological characteristics of U. subvittatus, we suggest a new Korean name, "Jul-mu-nui-kko-li-chog-su".

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.210-216
• /
• 1999

TREGRO, a computer simulation model of individual tree growth, was applied to estimate ozone ($\textrm{O}_3$) effects on aspen(Populus tremuloides) growth under ambient and 1.7 times ambient $\textrm{O}_3$ of Seoul in 1996. The three highest $\textrm{O}_3$ (Kuui-dong, Ssangmun-dong, Sungsoo-dong) and the two lowest $\textrm{O}_3$ sites (Mapo-dong, Namgajwa-dong) were evaluated. The current ambient $\textrm{O}_3$ did not affect aspen growth compared to simulation without $\textrm{O}_3$. The only effect was 6.6 percent of total assimilated carbonloss at Ssangmun-dong where the level of $\textrm{O}_3$ was greatest among the 21 sites examined. Decrease as much as 50 percent of total carbon gain was calculated at 1.7 times ambient $\textrm{O}_3$ of the three highest sites. The carbon loss by $\textrm{O}_3$ came from biomass of tissues and total nonstructural cabron (TNC) such as starch and sugar. The most sensitive fraction was TNC and the next was root biomass. Foliage mass was not affected by $\textrm{O}_3$. Structural biomass loss was at best 1 to 3 percent at 1.7 times ambient $\textrm{O}_3$ at the two lowest sites. The daily carbon simulation was affected by $\textrm{O}_3$ mainly during Growth Period 4 (Jul. 21-Oct. 26). Correlations between site, dose, and the simulated responses of aspen (tissue biomass, TNC, respiration, and senescence) ranged from -0.703 to -0.973 depending on the plant responses. The ozone effects on poplar in Seoul are not severe currently, but are probably measurable at Ssangmun-dong. However, severe $\textrm{O}_3$ effects on biomass would occur if $\textrm{O}_3$ levels increase to 1.7 times ambient $\textrm{O}_3$ in Seoul. In addition, v could weaken the trees thus increasing susceptibility to pathogens or insects.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.248-252
• /
• 2012

This study aimed to evaluate the perception of informed consent for subjects who are participated in oriental medicine clinical trials and over 60 years old. In this research, 215 subjects who were participated in clinical trials were surveyed between Apr. 13, 2011 and Jul. 20, 2011. And the collected data was analyzed with computer software of SPSS 17.0. In the case of objective perception, almost all of subjects answered that they have ever heard of the consent form. However, 50.7 points were collected for the question of "As I already signed the consent form, I have to participate in the clinical trials", which showed the subjects had misperception about quitting the clinical trials. In the case of subjective perception, subjects well knew that the purpose of clinical trial is research, not medical treatment. However, the perception about the purpose of clinical trials that they are participated in was low. In the both cases of objective and subjective perception with general characteristics, they showed differences (p<0.045) with the marital status of subjects, however other categories did not show any difference. In conclusion, researchers should provide sufficient explanation as well as adequate Information in order to protect the personality of subjects, so that the subjects can make a right decision.