• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2012

Purpose: An autonomous robot was developed for harvesting strawberries cultivated in bench-type systems. Methods: The harvest robot consisted of four main components: an autonomous vehicle, a manipulator with four degrees of freedom (DOF), an end effector with two DOFs, and a color computer vision system. Strawberry detection was performed based on 3D image and distance information obtained from a stereo CCD color camera and a laser device, respectively. Results: In this work, a Cartesian type manipulator system was designed, including an intermediate revolute axis and a double driven arm-based joint axis, so that it could generate collision-free motions during harvesting. A DC servomotor-driven end-effector, consisting of a gripper and a cutter, was designed for gripping and cutting the strawberry stem without damaging the strawberry itself. Real-time position tracking algorithms were developed to detect, recognize, trace, and approach strawberries under natural light conditions. Conclusion: The developed robot system could harvest a strawberry within 7 seconds without damage.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.179-185
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• 2001

In this study, a visual sensor system for weld seam tracking the I-butt weld joints in GMA welding was constructed. The sensor system consists of a CCD camera, a diode laser with a cylindrical lens and a band-pass-filter to overcome the degrading of image due to spatters and arc light. In order to obtain the enhanced image, quantitative relationship between laser intensity and iris number was investigated. Throughout the repeated experiments, the shutter speed was set at 1-milisecond for minimizing the effect of spatters on the image, and therefore most of the spatter trace in the image have been found to be reduced. Region of interest was defined from the entire image and gray level of searched laser line was compared to that of weld line. The differences between these gray levels lead to spot the position of weld joint using central difference method. The results showed that, as long as weld line was within $^\pm$15$^\circ$from the longitudinal straight fine, the system constructed in this study could track the weld line successful1y. Since the processing time reduced to 0.05 sec, it is expected that the developed method could be adopted to high speed welding such as laser welding.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.87.2-87.2
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• 2010

Near-Earth asteroid-comet transition object 4015 Wilson-Harrington is a possible target of the joint European Space Agency (ESA) and Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Marco Polo sample return mission. 4015 W-H was discovered showing cometary activity by Albert G. Wilson and Robert G. Harrington at Palomar Observatory in 1949. After recovered in 1979, 4015 W-H has been observed at every apparition, it always was seen as a point source. We made time series observations for 4015 W-H using the 1.8m telescope with 2K CCD at Bohyunsan Observatory, on the nights of 2009 November 17-19. The geocentric distance of 4015 H-W was about 0.38 AU at that time. No trace of cometary activity is seen from our images. From the light curve analysis, we find a double-peaked rotational period of 2.2 hours with amplitude of 0.4 magnitude. Our result is much shorter than previous measurements of 3.6 hours (Harris & Young 1983) and 6.1 hours (Osip et al 1995). We will discuss possible origin of the period variations.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.305-321
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• 2022

Bridge structural health monitoring with the aim of continuously assessing structural safety and reliability represents a topic of major importance for worldwide infrastructure managers. In the last two decades, due to their potential economic and operational advantages, drive-by approaches experienced growing consideration from researcher and engineers. This work addresses two technical topics regarding indirect frequency estimation methods: bridge and vehicle dynamics overlapping, and bridge expansion joints impact. The experimental campaign was conducted on a mixed multi-span bridge located in Lombardy using a Ford Galaxy instrumented with a mesh of wireless accelerometers. The onboard time series were acquired for a number of 10 passages over the bridge,performed at a travelling speed of 30 km/h, with no limitations imposed to traffic. Exploiting an ad-hoc sensors positioning, pitch vehicle motion was compensated, allowing to estimate the first two bridge bending frequencies from PSD functions; moreover, the herein adopted approach proved to be insensitive to joints disturbance. Conclusively, a sensitivity study has been conducted to trace the relationship between estimation accuracy and number of trips considered in the analysis. Promising results were found, pointing out a clear positive correlation especially for the first bending frequency.

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.219-225
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• 2002

This paper presents a novel "bumpless flip chip package"for cost! performance driven devices. Using the conventional electroplating and etching processes, this package enables the production of fine pitch BGA up to 256 I/O with single layer routing. An array of circuitry down to $25-50{\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ line/space is fabricated to fan-in and fan-out of the bond pads without using bumps or substrate. Various types of joint methods can be applied to connect the fine trace and the bond pad directly. The resin-filled terminal provides excellent compliancy between package and the assembled board. More interestingly, the thin film routing is similar to wafer level packaging whereas the fan-out feature enables high lead count devices to be accommodated in the BGA format. Details of the design concepts and processing technology for this novel package are discussed. Trade offs to meet various cost or performance goals for selected applications are suggested. Finally, the importance of design integration early in the technology development cycle with die-level and system-level design teams is highlighted as critical to an optimal design for performance and cost.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.48.1-48.7
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• 2022

Penalized regression has been widely used in genome-wide association studies for joint analyses to find genetic associations. Among penalized regression models, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) method effectively removes some coefficients from the model by shrinking them to zero. To handle group structures, such as genes and pathways, several modified Lasso penalties have been proposed, including group Lasso and sparse group Lasso. Group Lasso ensures sparsity at the level of pre-defined groups, eliminating unimportant groups. Sparse group Lasso performs group selection as in group Lasso, but also performs individual selection as in Lasso. While these sparse methods are useful in high-dimensional genetic studies, interpreting the results with many groups and coefficients is not straightforward. Lasso's results are often expressed as trace plots of regression coefficients. However, few studies have explored the systematic visualization of group information. In this study, we propose a multi-level polar Lasso (MP-Lasso) chart, which can effectively represent the results from group Lasso and sparse group Lasso analyses. An R package to draw MP-Lasso charts was developed. Through a real-world genetic data application, we demonstrated that our MP-Lasso chart package effectively visualizes the results of Lasso, group Lasso, and sparse group Lasso.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.40 no.1 s.182
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• pp.47-66
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• 2007

The Sitting Buddha Carved on Rockcliff (National treasure No. 201) in Bukjiri consists of porphyritic biotite granite, which was fractured by three joint sets of NE-SW, EW and NS directions. They produced a physical weathering that broke many parts of the Buddha and background. The chemical index of alteration is 59 to 61 from the major elements in the granite that was weathered into producing kaolin minerals from alteration of feldspars and biotite. With weathering degree, major element compositions increase in $SiO_2$ and MnO, whereas decrease in $TiO_2,\;{Fe_2O_3}^t,\;MgO,\;CaO\;and\;K_2O$. Change proporations of trace elements to $Al_2O_3$ increase in all transition elements, Rb and Y, whereas decrease in Li, Sr and Ba. REE pattern increases only in HREE. Particularly, a decrease in CaO, $K_2O$, Sr and Ba results in what they are effluxed to dissolve from feldspars by groundwater. The Buddha image has been deteriorated into joints, color changes, brown rusts, granular decay, microorganic smears by the such weathering causes as deformation, moisture, temperature variation and microorganic living. The moisture, which leaks along the joints in the granite, not only dissolve to decompose minerals but also grows many microorganism and is frozen over during winter. NE-SW and NS joint sets affect to seep in water during rainy days to deteriorate the image because they extend outward.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.219-228
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• 2019

This study summarized processing factor (PF) by the stage of rice and barley processing based on JMPR reports from 2006 to 2016. We compared PF of 17 pesticides in rice products during the processing of rice grain, husked rice, polished rice, hulls, bran and cooked rice. Among the 17 pesticides, 12 pesticides except for 5 pesticides such as acephate, methamidophos, glufosinate, quinclorac and sulfoxaflor mostly decreased in pesticides when rice grain processed into brown rice. Pesticides tended to be partially reduced when processed from husked rice to polished rice. However, hulls and bran produced during the milling process were concentrated. Acephate and others, 5 pesticides are systemic pesticides, and pesticides are penetrated into foods, and a large amount of pesticides was not removed during the milling process. The remaining pesticide residues in polished rice were mostly removed after processing into cooked rice, and trace amounts of pesticide residues remained. In the comparison of 23 pesticides PF during the processing of barley products (pearl barley, flour, short, malt, beer, hulls and bran). Most of the pesticide except for 4 pesticide (ethephon, pyraclostrobin, penthiopyrad, sulfoxaflor), which are systemic pesticides, decreased during the process of pearl barley production out of the barley grain. The pesticide in the malt, which was made by steeping pearl barley was concentrated but when processed into beer, pesticide was remained only in trace amounts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.52-62
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• 2018

A software support system, called procurement engineering management support system (PeMSS), is currently under development through a joint research project. The procurement-related scenarios considered in this research is as follow: an EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) company receives an EPC project contract and starts the project to deliver the agreed system to the acquirer. In order to acquire the required equipments that the EPC company does not produce by itself, it eventually interacts with subcontractors, also called vendors. The EPC company responsibilities during the procurement activities are twofold. First, the EPC company has to guarantee that it has ordered the equipment, through issuing Purchase Order (PO), based on the requirements stated in the contract. Second, the EPC company has to verify that the received equipment designs, called Vendor Print (VP), meet the specifications in the PO, before finally acquiring the equipments. During our survey study, we discovered that EPC company takes a lot of time and effort to create PO and verify VP, mainly because these activities are performed manually by the responsible engineers. Therefore, we intent to support the above activities by developing a support system to the legacy procurement system that can trace the requirements from the contract to the PO and VP, among other functionalities. At the time of the writing of this paper, PeMMS is still under-development, thus, in this paper we focus on presenting the development steps of PeMMS using systems engineering theory and introducing the PO creation function. Wholly, PeMSS attempts to reduce the time and effort of engineers on the procurements activities while also increasing the quality of the procurement outcomes.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.1
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• pp.165-188
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• 1999

When we think about visual art, we can't pass over the matter of images and spaces. An image is fixed in a painting space. If the image were posited in the river of time, it would be changed as time flowed on. Its image might be created, rigged, transfigured or it might vanish or remain as traces. The image is changed through the process of expressing them on the painting surfaces. In paintings the changing of the image is caused not only by working processes but also recognizing the objects. In modernist painting, the idea of space was important, but in postmodernist view, the idea of time becomes essential. In this thesis I will focus on the matter of time and image of painting in the late 20th century. Studying the relationship of image and time is not familiar because we had considered the space as being more related to painting distinction than time. Presently, the concept of space can't be divided from that of time. In Physics, they recently called it as a united concept- time-space. Painting space also becomes one asking and recieve the concept of time actively. Now in painting, time is no more a supporting matter but becomes a major matter. In the late 20th century, we can find many trials to catch the change of images as time flowes on and express them as a trace through using verioty media. One of the way to drawing the change of images as time passes could be seen through various joint images in one painting space and another in the traces of one image. The other could be done by using new media such as computer in the example of fractal art. It shows the images chainging of practically as time changes. New understanding about time of this era has to be affirmatively accepted because it reflects the contemporary cultural situation and in art, the concern about the possiblity of it and finding new medias which has to go on.