• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.207-217
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• 1997

This study was performed for Investigation of the magnitude of mandibular positional change in maximum mouth opening. protrusion, lateral excursion, gum and peanut chewing with BioPAK system(Bioresearch Inc. USA) which can analyze mandibular rotational torque movements. For this study 17 female patients with Temporomandibular joint(TMJ) closed lock and 18 female control without any Temporomandibular disorders(TMDs) signs and premature occlusal contact were included. The obtained results were as follows : 1. In maximum mouth opening, the mandibular rotational angle and distance of patients were significantly greater than those of control group in horizontal plane(P<0.05). 2. In protrusion, the mandibular rotational angle and distance of patients were significantly greater than those of control group in frontal and horizontal plane(P<0.01, P<0.05). 3. The mandibular rotational angle and 야stance in lateral excursion to affected side of patients were significantly greater than those in lateral excursion to non-affected side in frontal plane(P<0.05). 4. The mandibular rotational angle in gum chewing to affected side of patients was significantly greater than that in gum chewing to non-affected side in frontal plane. 5. The mandibular rotational angle and distance in peanut chewing to affected side of patients were significantly greater than those in peanut chewing to non-affected side in frontal and horizontal plane. 6. The mandibular rotational angle and distance in peanut chewing to affected side of patients were greater than those in gum chewing, and was the same result in control group in frontal and horizontal plane.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.25-41
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to observe mandibular condyle shape and position in an asymptomatic population. In order to carry out this study, 142 temporomandibular joints in 71 adults(35 males, 36 females), who were asymptomatic for temporomandibular joint disorders and had no history of prosthodontic or orthodontic treatments, were selected, and radiographed using the Accurd-200 head holder(Denar Co., U.S.A) for transcranial radiograms and the Sectography(Denar Co., U.S.A) for lateral individualized corrected tomograms. Mandibular condyles were classified morphologically and evaluated in positional relationships with articular fossae and articular eminences at centric occlusion and 1 inch mouth opening. The obtained results were as follows; 1. In the classification of mandibular condyle shape, the convex type was more prevalent in transcranial radiograms and tomograms taken at medial, central, and lateral locations. 2. In the mandibular condyle position at centric occlusion, the mandibular condyles were placed posterior to the center of articular fossae in transcranial radiograms and anterior to the center of articular fossae in tomograms taken at medial, central, and lateral locations. 3. In the mandibular condyle position in right and left TMJs at centric occlusion, the mandibular condyles were placed bilateral asymmetric relationships to the articular fossae in transcranial radiograms and tomograms taken at medial, central, and lateral locations. 4. In the mandibular condyle position at 1 inch mouth opening, the mandibular condyles were placed anterior to the articular eminences in transcranial radiograms and tomograms taken at central location and posterior to the articular eminences in tomograms taken at medial and lateral locations.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.37
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• pp.23.1-23.8
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• 2015

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional effects of temporalis myofascial flap after condylectomy, with or without disc removal, in elderly patients with anterior disc displacement (ADD) without reduction and an erosive condylar surface of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Methods: A total of 15 joints from 11 elderly patients (71-78 years old) were included. The patients had pain, mandibular dysfunction symptoms, and unilateral or bilateral ADD as well as an erosive condylar surface of the TMJ. All patients underwent temporalis myofascial flap reconstruction after condylectomy, with or without disc removal. If the maximal mouth opening (MMO) remained <35 mm after condylectomy, coronoidotomy was also performed. Self-assessed pain and mandibular function, including MMO and protrusive and lateral movements, were evaluated. Results: No patient experienced serious complications. Most measurements improved significantly after surgery compared to preoperatively. Most patients achieved nearly-normal mouth opening at 4 weeks after surgery. Although most patients felt discomfort during active postoperative physiotherapy, no patient reported serious pain during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Although nonsurgical therapy is often the first treatment choice for ADD without reduction of the TMJ, surgical intervention involving condylectomy and temporalis myofascial flap reconstruction may be a reasonable first option for elderly patients with an erosive condylar surface of the TMJ.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.72-78
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this research was twofold: to compare the short-term efficacy of once-off education versus repetitive education (RE) of patients suffering from temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and to determine whether there was any correlation amongst patient demographics, recommendation adherence degree and pain levels. Methods: A total of 848 patients with TMDs were enrolled. The control group consisted of patients who received a standard conservative treatment (STD) over at least 6 visits with education provided only during the first visit. The experimental group consisted of patients who received STD but had also been given RE (STD+RE). The RE was delivered through a standardized self-assessment questionnaire (SAQ) that was completed by the patient during each visit. Pain, which included maximum comfortable opening (MCO) of the mouth and limitation of mouth opening (LOM), was compared between the two groups. Behavior pattern and reported pain level changes in the group who used the SAQ were also analyzed. Results: The LOM was significantly improved in all of the experimental group patients (especially in females under 30 years of age, p<0.05). The MCO was significantly higher in females (p=0.029). All of the patients displayed improvements in their habits following RE, which resulted in a strong correlation with pain reduction. Adhering to the recommendations regarding questions 14 and 15 of the SAQ appeared to have the greatest effect on pain reduction. Conclusions: These results clearly demonstrate that RE is more effective than once-off education for TMD patients who are female or under 30 years of age.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.683-688
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• 2011

Korea-EU FTA, which came to an agreement in April of 2007, was resolved at the National Assembly in May of 2011, thereby having been concluded the ratification. As for the procedure of opening a market in legal service according to settlement and ratification of Korea-EU FTA, Step 1 is allowed the establishment of representative office(law firm with foreign-law consultation) at home by EU member countries' law firms. Step 2 is made available for law firm with foreign-law consultation to jointly handle and distribute profits as for a case that is mixed the domestic law firm and the domestic & foreign laws. Step 3 is allowed EU member countries' law firm to establish a joint venture with domestic law firm. This study researches into a change and influence upon legal service and forensic investigation according to Korea-EU FTA ratification. Also, it researches into position and prospect that digital forensic evidence, which possesses the majority of legal evidences, takes up in the middle of court-oriented trials. The prediction of influence in digital evidence as professional proof upon judgment will led to being capable of coping with the opening of legal service market and of wisely preparing for the advance to domestic market by law firm of Anglo-American Law.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.535-544
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• 2005

The management of mandibular condyle fractures continues to be a subject of much debate. It is suggested that, if not properly managed, these fractures may give rise to serious problems, such as malocclusion, mouth opening limitation, temporomandibular joint disorders. Treatment planing of mandibular condyle fractures is very important. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the long-term results according to treatment methods in condylar fractures. Also, it was to evaluate results of treatment according to condylar fracture level. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 43 mandibular condyle fractures. 43 patients followed for average period of 9.00 years(mini. 7yr, max. 12yr). All patients underwent a clinical and radiologic evaluation focusing on mouth opening, mandibular movements, TMJ function, change of ramal height, condylar remodelling. If the level of fracture was positioned in high, especially in level II, mandibular movement disability and ramus length loss was more prominent. This results were similar to the cases of treatment of fragment removal. In high level fracture and fragment removal cases, It is thought that more intensive and long term management are needed than other treatment cases using different operation methods. Also, direct fixation by each approach showed good results in mandibular movement, ramal height change and condylar shape. Through this results, accurate reduction of the mandibular condyle fractures was a very important factor in postoperative prognosis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.532-535
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• 2005

The objective of this study is assessment of the efficacy of upper joint space arthrocentesis on prevention of TMJ injury from patient with mantibular fractures. We divided the patients into two groups, one which consist of 24 patients who are taken arthrocentesis while open reduction of mandibular fracture, the other which consist of 27 patients without arthrocentesis from Jan 1999 to Dec 2001. We measured maximum mouth opening, excursive movement range respectively one week, one month, three months later after operation. The patients were instructed to mark on 10 cm VAS for evaluation of TMJ pain during resting, mouth opening, and mastication. We evaluated the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder clinically and radiographically 6 months later. The result of this study is that there is a reduction of pain and increase of range of mandibular motion in both groups but in patients with arthrocentesis there is relatively reduction of pain and increase of range of mandibular motion compared with control group. On the points of 6 months later, temporomandibular disorder occurred in 4 patients (16.7%) in group with arthrocentesis and 13 patients (47.1%) in control group. In conclusion, we think that supplemental therapy such as arthrocentesis is helpful for the recovery of jaw function and prevention of the development of temporomandibular disorder after facial trauma.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2022

Background: Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) is the most common type of temporomandibular disorder. This study compared the efficacies of low-level diode laser therapy (LLLT) and laser acupuncture therapy (LAT) in the treatment of MPDS. Methods: This double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial included 24 patients with MPDS who were randomly divided into two equally sized groups. Patients in the LLLT group received 12 sessions of low-level diode laser irradiation applied to the trigger points of the masticatory muscles during 1 month. The same protocol was also used in the LAT group according to the specific trigger points. We measured pain intensity and maximum mouth opening in both groups at baseline, during treatment, and 2 months after treatment completion. Results: The pain intensities decreased from 6.58±1.31 to 0.33±0.65 and from 7.08 ± 1.37 to 0 in the LLLT and LAT groups, respectively. The maximum mouth openings increased from 32.25 ± 8.78 mm to 42.58 ± 4.75 mm and from 33 ± 6.57 mm to 45.67 ± 3.86 mm in the LLLT and LAT groups, respectively. Pain intensity (P = 0.839) and level of maximum mouth opening (P = 0.790) did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusion: Our results showed similar efficacy between LLLT and LAT in the treatment of MPDS signs and symptoms.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.291-304
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to analyze the facial asymmetry of the patients with the craniomandibular disorder. In this study, 50 patients, who have joint clicking and pain, mouth opening limitation, and 40 dental students, Chosun University, who did not posses any restoration and orthodontic treatment, joint clicking and pain, mouth opening limitation, were selected as the control group. Both the control group and the patient group were takened skull P-A, submento-vertex radiogram by standized methods. After that, the deviation and facial asymmetry were measured and analyzed. The results of the this study were as follows: 1. In the Skull P-A radiogram, the width difference of control group and patient group measured that the △ Cg-Go-Cl: control group were 3.35㎜, patient group were 4.51㎜ (P<0.05), the △Cg-Zy-Go: control group were 1.83㎜, patient group were 3.27㎜(P<0.001). 2. In the Skull P-A radiogram, the height difference of control group and patient group measured that the △ Cg-Go-Cl: control group were 131.85㎜, patient group were 188.45㎜(P<0.05), the △Cg-Zy-Go: control group were 1.58㎜, patient group were 2.68㎜(P<0.00l). 3. In the Skull P-A radiogram, the area difference of control group and patient group measured that the △ Cg-Go-Cl: control group were 120.76㎟, patient group were 185.49㎟(P<0.05), the △Cg-Zy-Go: control group were 2.29㎟, patient group were 3.37㎟(p<0.05). 4. In the submento-vertex radiogram, the width difference of control group and patient group measured that the △Mr-Cl-Ia: control group were 1.50㎜, patient group were 2.35㎜(P<0.05), the △Mr-Cm-Ia: control group were 1.75㎜, patient group were 3.17㎜(P<0.05), the △Mr-Go-Ia: control group were 1.96㎜, patient group were 3.24㎜(P<0.001), the △Mr-Cp-Co: control group were 1.74㎜, patient group were 2.73㎜(P<0.05). 5. In the submento-vertex radiogram, the height difference of control group and patient group measured that the △Mr-Cp-Ia: control group were 1.68㎜, patient group were 2.46㎜P<0.05), the △Mr-CI-Ia: control group were 2.38㎜, patient group were 3.74㎜(P<0.05), the △Mr-Co-Ia: control group were 1.63㎜, patient group were 2.80㎜(P<0.05), the △Mr-Cm-Ia: control group were 1.45㎜, patient group were 3.12㎜(P<0.001). 6. In the submento-vertex radiogram, the area difference of control group and patient group measured that the △ Mr-Cp-Ia: control group were 73.17㎟, patient group were 110.16㎟(P<0.05), the △Mr-Cl-Ia: control group were 105.09㎟, patient group were 180.87㎟(P<0.001), the △Mr-Co-Ia: control group were 103.31㎟, patient group were 148.48㎟(P<0.05), the △Mr-Cm-Ia: control group were 97.01㎟, patient group were 167.83㎟(P<0.05), the △Mr-Go-Ia: control group were 104.24㎟, patient group were 205.90㎟(P<0.05).

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.551-556
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to suggest a systematic and scientific method for measurement of children's growth development, in which the accuracy of existing diagnosis method has not been concretely examined yet. The most popular method for diagnosis of children's growth is to analyze the opening degree of growth plate in each joint by X-ray image. However, X-ray method has some disadvantages; it is impossible to measure the diagnosis of growth periodically and repeatedly due to the radiation problem. Hence, this study introduced a profile analysis and the algorithm of analyzing the image of growth plate with the BUA(Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation) of calcaneus, to verify the possibility of alternative ultrasonic method harmless to human body. We obtained the images of growth plate in proximal tibiae, phalanges, and calcanei of 269 children (7∼16 years old) with X-ray. And the image of growth plate in calcanei was also obtained front those children with ultrasound. The results showed that the time of the opening degree of growth plate in each joint was almost consistent between X-ray and ultrasonic images. Also, the images of growth plate measured by X-ray and ultrasound showed the high correlation. Therefore, it is expected that the algorithm of ultrasonic profile analysis introduced in this study can replace the existing X-ray method to measure the growth plate correctly.