• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.18 no.2 s.29
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• pp.159-167
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• 2005

By comparing ‘Jing Mai(${\ulcorner}$經脈${\lrcorner}$)’ and ‘Jin Fu(${\ulcorner}$禁服${\lrcorner}$)’, we are able to see that ‘Jing Mai’ has adopted many of its aspects from ‘Jin Fu’, which also enables us to conclude that ‘Jing Mai’ was made after 'Jin Fu', with the 'Ren Ying Cun Kou Mai Fa(人迎寸口脈法)‘ being considered important. 'Jing Mai' was made relatively late, during the last days of 'Xi Han(西漢)' or early days of 'Dong Han(東漢)'. Also 'Jing Mai' was written after 'Ying Qi(${\ulcorner}$營氣${\lrcorner}$)’. ‘12 Jing Mai’ in ‘Jing Mai’ is based mainly on 'Yin Yang Shi Yi Mai Jiu Jing(${\ulcorner}$陰陽十一脈灸經${\lrcorner}$)‘ and has also referred to other meridian theories, modifying it again by theories of 'Jin Fu' and 'Ying Qi', forming the 'Jing Mai Lian Huan(經脈連環)' part. The major change in '12 Jing Mai' is that '6 Yang Jing(6陽經)' enters the abdominal and thoracic cavity, directly relating to 'Liu Fu(六腑)'. 'Ben Jing(本經)'s connection to 'Ben Zang' is referred to as 'Shu(屬)' and connection to 'Ben Zang(本臟)' is referred to as 'Lou(絡)', clarifying 'Biao Li Guan Xi(表裏關系)' inside and outslde and 'Zang Fu Xiang He(臟腑相合)' congruency. Looking at the pathological condition view of ‘Jing Mai’, the writer of 'Jing Mai Pian' has renewed it and has erased repeated symptoms of 'Suo Seng Bing(所生病)' that appears in 'Shi Dong Bing(是動病)'. If the wrong adoption of theories of previous generations are corrected and parts which do not comply with the text's original meaning and parts that posterities added are deleted, the ancient acupuncture theory preserved in this book is still a precious treasure.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.35-66
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• 1997

Today's meridian system is revealing the theory made after the standard of 'Ling-shu Jing-mai(靈樞 經脈)'. But after excavating 'Ma-wang-dui'(馬王堆)'s' medical books from his 'Han(漢)' Dynasty tomb, there had to be some adjustments made concerning the former meridian systme. 'Shi-yi-mai-jiu-jing(足臂十一脈灸經)' and 'Yin-yand-shi-yi-mai-jiu-jing(陰陽十一脈灸經)' are not related and each of them was developed independently and influenced by the Meridian Pluse Theory of 'Ling-shu(靈樞)'. Accordingly, the leaning toward heart pluse system and the circulating pulse system were formed and 'Ling-shu(靈樞)' was influenced by this. Therefore, investigating these processes thoroughly is the main subject stated in this thesis. The occupying percentage of the 'leaning toward heart pluse system(向心脈系)' and the 'circulating pluse system(循環脈系)' in each section is one-sided to the loaning toward heart pluse system. However, today's 'Jing-mai system(經脈體系)' is developed focusing on 'Jing-mai(經脈)'. The reason for this should be investigated by using the medical history of acupuncture & moxibustion. Analongizing roughly, from the time after five transfer points of 'Ben-shu(本輸)' was absorbed into 'Jing-mai(經脈)' as only the main meridians of the traditional 'Meridian Point(經穴)' and couldn't seem to realize the true self of the original 'Ben-shu(本輸)'. Therefore, various misunderstandings might have occured in clinic, basal narusis, and antiquity of the influenced preconception of 'Jing-mai(經脈)' being first.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.14-27
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• 2002

Objective : The aim of this study is to reveal the meaning of Shi-Dong-Bing and Suo-Sheng-Bing through investigating the origin of Shi-Dong-Bing and Suo-Sheng-Bing. Methods : We analyzed and compared the meridian symptoms of "ju Bi Shi Yi Mai Jiu Jing, "Ju Bi", "Yin Yang Shi Yi Mai Jiu Jing" and "Lin Shu Jing Mai". Results : Suo-Sheng-Bing seems to have been originated from the meridian symptoms of "Ju Bi" and Shi-Dong-Bing is different from the meridian symptoms of "Ju Bi". therefore two meridian symptoms differ in the source of formation and they seems to be different concerning recognition system for disease. Conclusion : Shi-Dong-Bing is the meridian symptoms, in case of feeling abnormal beat by pulse diagnosis, and this pulse diagnosis method is comparative pulse diagnosis method that compare all the pulse point of every meridians. Suo-Sheng-Bing seems to be the meridian symptoms describing the disease of somatic surface with making reference to meridian-circulating positions, afterward have been increased to the related internal organ's disease.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.190-198
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• 2015

Objectives : Through comparison between Mawangdui Silk Manuscripts and Huangdi's Internal Classic, this study aimed to put an emphasis on clinical significance of Yin-yang theory in Meridians. Methods : We investigated the documents recorded in Yin Yang Shi Yi Mai Jiu Jing, Zu Bi Shi Yi Mai Jiu Jing and Miraculous Pivot to compare of the character of meridian names. Results : In the naming of meridians, three yin and three yang were accepted earlier than Viscera and Bowels. Three yin and three yang play important role in relation with division of a human body. Conclusions : It is necessary to focus on the importance of Yin-yang theory in meridian system.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.210-224
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• 2002

Objective : A study on $\ll$Maek-beop$\gg$ which is the first scription of pulse diagnosis method in history. Method : A translation of contents in $\ll$Maek-beop$\gg$ into modern concepts on the basis of researched books and the explanation of difficult characters and paragraphs to general concepts. Result : The pulse diagnosis method by comparison, moxibustion method, venesection method, a treatment of an abscess and the succession of treatment in $\ll$Maek-beop$\gg$ are delivered from $\ll$Sumen, 素問$\gg$, $\ll$Lingchui, 靈樞$\gg$. Conclusion : A $\ll$Maek-beop$\gg$ is the scription of the diagnosis of meridian and therapeutic method in $\ll$Zu bi shi yi mai jiu jing, 足臂十一脈灸經$\gg$, $\ll$yin yang shi yi mai jiu jing, 陰陽十一脈灸經$\gg$.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.725-732
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• 2008

From old times, we think it is very important to become pregnancy with child and to give birth healthy, as the human gives not just body but also spirit. When we judge pregnancy, we usually check lady's menstrual cycle. But it is too difficult to diagnosis as pregnancy only check that. Therefore feeling pulse has been made use of knowing pregnancy or not, monthly pregnancy states and childbirth. "Haung-di-nei-jing" mentions pregnancy-pulse, for example, "Yin beats and Yang distinguishes", "Shou-shao-yin-mai moves severely", "Lady has some symptoms, but no Xie-mai". Since then, there are many opinions of schools about that. For the period of pregnancy, pulse shows special features, according as the symptoms differ from month to month. When pregnant woman is just about to bear, her pulse changes unusually. In oriental medicine, it is called as Li-jing-mai. Pregnancy-pulse is worth refering to pursue a clinical examination.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 2007

Maek Kyoung(Mai Jing, 脈經) is the first chinese specialized book of diagnostics written by Wang Hee(Wang xi, 王熙) from Seo Jin(xi jin, 西晉). He assorted the contents with pulse and medical examination from Nae Kyoung(nei jing, 內經), Nan Kyoung(nan jing, 難經), Sang Han Ron(shang han lun, 傷寒論) and Jung Jang Kyoung(zhong cang jing, 中藏經). And united with his own research, he explains medical examination and the way of talking the pulse by classifying into entrance and class. Maek Kyoung(Mai Jing, 脈經) was imported Korea by Ji Chong(zhi cong, 知聰) AD 561, and he passed through Ko Ku Ryeo(gao gou li, 高句麗) with Nae Wei Jeon(nei wai dian, 內外典), Yak Seo(yao shu, 藥書), Myung Dang Do(ming tang tu, 明堂圖) and Maek Kyoung(Mai Jing, 脈經) to be naturalized in Japan. This treatise make a special study of the second volume of the Maek Kyoung. It consists of the four chapters: Pyoung Sam Kwan Eum Yang E Sip Sa Ki Maek Je II(平三關陰陽二十四氣脈第一), Pyoung In Young Sin Mun Ki Ku Jeon Hu Maek Je E(平人迎神門氣口前後脈第二), Pyoung Sam Kwan Byoung Hu Byoung Chi Eui Je Sam(平三關病侯幷治宜第三), and Pyoung Gi Kyoung Pal Maek Byoung Je Sa(平寄經八脈病第四). Bi Geup Choun Geum Yo Bang(備急千金要方) and Eui Hak Ip Mun(醫學入門) quoted from the contents in the second volume of Maek Kyoung, and Bin Ho Maek Hak(瀕湖脈學), Gi Kyoung Pal Maek Go(奇經八脈攷) and Maek Eo(脈語) extracted from contents in the second volume of the Maek Kyoung and requoted from this contents. Contents in the second volume of the Maek Kyoung have very valuable data like that, but the literature on this subject in the form of a treatise has not been yet in Korea. So I hope this study will be useful to develope Diagnostics by correcting translation and interpretation and fixing wrong translation.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-30
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• 2006

Maek Kyoung(Mai Jing, 脈經) is the first chinese specialized book of diagnostics written by Wang Hee(Wang xi, 王熙) from Seo Jin(xi jin, 西晉). He assorted the contents with pulse and medical examination from Nae Kyoung(nei jing, 內經), Nan Kyoung(nan jing, 難經), Sang Han Ron(shang han lun, 傷寒論) and Jung Jang Kyoung(zhong cang jing, 中藏經). And united with his own research, he explains medical examination and the way of talking the pulse by classifying into entrance and class. Maek Kyoung(Mai Jing, 脈經) was imported Korea by Ji Chong(zhi cong, 知聰) AD 561, and he passed through Ko Ku Ryeo(gao gou li, 高句麗) with Nae Wei Jeon(nei wai dian, 內外典), Yak Seo(yao shu, 藥書), Myung Dang Do(ming tang tu, 明堂圖) and MaekKyoung(Mai Jing, 脈經) to be naturalized in Japan. This treatise make a special study of the second volume of the Maek Kyoung. It consists of the four chapters : Pyoung Sam Kwan Eum Yang E Sip Sa Ki Maek Je I1(平三關陰陽二十四氣脈第一), Pyoung In Young Sin Mun Ki Ku Jeon Hu Maek Je E(平人迎神門氣口前後脈第二), Pyoung Sam Kwan Byoung Hu Byoung Chi Eui Je Sam(平三關病侯幷治宜第三), and Pyoung Gi Kyoung Pal Maek Byoung Je Sa(平奇經八脈病第四). Bi Geup Choun Geum Yo Bang(備急千金要方) and Eui Hak Ip Mun(醫學入門) quoted from the contents in the second volume of Maek Kyoung, and Bin Ho Maek Hak(瀕湖脈學), Gi Kyoung Pal Maek Go(奇經八脈攷) and Maek Eo(脈語) extracted from contents in the second volume of the Maek Kyoung and requoted from this contents. Contents in the second volume of the Maek Kyoung have very valuable data like that, but the literature on this subject in the form of a treatise has not been yet in Korea. So I hope this study will be useful to develope Diagnostics by correcting translation and interpretation and fixing wrong translation.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.1 s.32
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• pp.26-40
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• 2006

It is generally understood that San Bu Jiu Hou is the pulse form at CunGuanChi(寸關尺) as in ${\ulcorner}$NanJing(難經)${\lrcorner}$. However, it is totally different in ${\ulcorner}$HuangDiNeiJing${\lrcorner}$. This only appears in tew chapters of ${\ulcorner}$SuWen(素問)${\lrcorner}$ and does not appear in ${\ulcorner}$LingShu(靈樞)${\lrcorner}$. SanBu in ${\ulcorner}$SuWen SanBuJiuHouLun${\lrcorner}$ refers to top, middle, bottom and each part is divided into 3 parts, Tian(天), Di(地), Ren(人) to form JiuHou, and through Jiu Hou, not only does it diagnose ShenZang(神臟) and XingZang(形臟), but also goes on to form a diagnostic system by fusing diagnostic skill and treatment into one. ${\ulcorner}$JiuZhenShiErYuan(九針十二原)${\lrcorner}$ discusses detailed shapes and functions of nine types of acupuncture, and the ${\ulcorner}$GuanZhen(官針)${\lrcorner}$ explains how to manipulate Jiu Zhen adequately, but there is more to it than just shape and function in techniques of acupuncture. It is because it fuses (or merges) pathology, diagnostics, treatment etc to form a single diagnosis system. ${\ulcorner}$JinFu(禁服)${\lrcorner}$ discusses about nine types of acupuncture of pulse form and effect, which are treatment means based on RenYingCunKouMaiFa(人迎寸口脈法). Various pulse daignosises exist in ${\ulcorner}$HuangDiNeiJing${\lrcorner}$, but those influence of future generations can be divided into SanBuJiuHouMaiFa(三部九候脈法) and RenYingCunKouMaiFa(人迎寸口脈法), and which medical ideologies this kind of pulse daignosis originates from should be discusssed. We will finally expolre and report the process its development into 寸尺脈(Cun Chi Mai).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2005

Objective : This study was performed to understand about the concept of Meridian muscle which is the method explaining the muscular system in the Oriental Medicine. Methods : To reveal the concept and the course of formation of Meridian muscle, we have compared the route and symptoms of meridian muscle with the Meridian route and Symptoms of <>, <> and <>. Results & Conclusion : 1. The concept of "Keun(筋)" reported in the <> include muscle, tendon, superficial vein and nerve. and in the <>, it means muscle and tendon. 2. The route of the Meridian muscle is facing toward the heart or head from the limbs, and the symptoms is mostly muscle spasm or pain according to the route, therefore the symptoms of the Meridian muscle are similar to the meridian symptoms of <>. 3. The twelve-Meridian muscle had been made by classifying the whole muscle into twelve sections with making reference to the Meridian system.