• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.238-243
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• 2011

We generated 16,993 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from two libraries containing full-length cDNAs from the brain and liver of the Korean Jindo dog. An additional 365,909 ESTs from other dog breeds were identified from the NCBI dbEST database, and all ESTs were clustered into 28,514 consensus sequences using StackPack. We selected the 7,305 consensus sequences that could be assembled from at least five ESTs and estimated that 12,533 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were present in 97,835 putative SNPs from the 7,305 consensus sequences. We identified 58 Jindo dog-specific SNPs in comparison to other breeds and predicted seven synonymous SNPs and ten non-synonymous SNPs. Using PolyPhen, a program that predicts changes in protein structure and potential effects on protein function caused by amino acid substitutions, three of the non-synonymous SNPs were predicted to result in changes in protein function for proteins expressed by three different genes (TUSC3, ITIH2, and NAT2).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.237-242
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• 2001

The garlic has been eaten widely regardless of easten and westen countries to cure the various disease like cancer, tuberculosis, dentalgia, toxemia and leprosy from ancient times. Even now it is reported that they lower the level of triglycerides and cholesterol in blood and that they also affect on the cohesive power of the platelets. In addition, it is also known that it lowers the glucose level in blood. Especially, the sulfur containing amine acid and the derivatives of the garlic has the counteracting effect to heavy metals. Nowadays, the garlic is known for its efficiency for the various kinds of cancer, neoplasms, hypertension, arteriosclerosis and apoplexy. However, it is reported that the intake of the excessive amount of garlic causes hemolytic anemia recently. The hemolytic anemia is more severe especially in HK phenotype dogs which has Na-K-ATPase activity. Therefore, this study was performed to examine the effect on the blood of the HK phenotype Jindo dogs when administered the excessive amount of garlic. HK phenotype group showed the significant decrease on RBC, WBC, PCV, Hb, MCV, MCHC, GSH, Met-Hb but LK phenotype group didn's show the significant decrease. AST, ALT, BUN, creatinine, CPK, glucose, and total protein values were within normal ranges during the period.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.285-297
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• 1988

The present study was conducted in order to get the normal hematologic values of Korean Jindo dogs. Blood samples were taken from 328(♂ 92, ♂ 236) healthy Jindo dogs in Jindo area. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows: 1. The mean values of red blood cell(RBC) count, hemoglobin(Hb) content and packed cell volume(PCV) in the age group of less than one year were 6.77(♂ 6.80, ♂ 6.76)${\times}10^6/{\mu}l$, 13.14 (♂ 13.53, ♂ 12.99)g/100ml and 43.28(♂ 44.47, ♂ 42.79)ml/100ml, respectively, whereas the RBC count, Hb content and PCV in the age group of one year and more were 7.42(♂ 7.44, ♂ 7.42)${\times}10^6/{\mu}l$, 14.98(♂ 15.56, ♂ 14.76)g/100ml and 47.18 (♂ 48.43, ♂ 46.71)ml/100ml, respectively. The values of RBC count, Hb content and PCV appeared to be higher in the male than in the female and it increased with aging in the age group of less than one year. 2. The mean values of mean corpuscular volume(MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin content(MCHC) in the age group of less than one year were 63.93(♂ 65.40, ♂ 63.30)fl, 19.41(♂ 19.90, ♂ 19.22) pg and 30.36(♂ 30.43, ♂ 30.36)g/100ml respectively, whereas the MCV, MCH and MCHC in the age group of one year and more were 63.58(♂ 65.09, ♂ 62.95)fl, 20. 19(♂ 20.91, ♂ 19.89) pg and 31.75(♂ 32.13, ♂ 31.60)g/100ml respectively. The values of MCV, MCH and MCHC appeared to be higher in the male than in the female. No differences were found in the MCV and MCH between age groups. The MCHC appeared to be higher in older age group. 3. The mean values of white blood cell(WBC) count in the age group of less than one year were 14,356(♂ 13,878, ♂ 14,551)/${\mu}l$, whereas the values of WBC count in the age group of one year and more were 13,394(♂ 12,656, ♂ 13,672)/${\mu}l$. The WBC count appeared to be higher in the female than in the male. No differences were found between age groups in the WBC count. 4. In WBC differential count the mean percentage of lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil and eosinophil of the age group less than one year were 33.45(♂ 31. 64, ♂ 34.18), 2.77(♂ 3.00, ♂ 2.68), 57.40(♂ 58.18, ♂ 57.08) and 6.38(♂ 7.18, ♂ 6.06)% respectively, while those of the age group one year and more were 30. 22(♂ 28.38, ♂ 30.90), 3.03(♂ 3.23, ♂ 2.95), 60.93(♂ 63.34, ♂ 60.03) and 5.82(♂ 5.04, ♂ 6.11)% respectively. Lymphocyte count appeared to be higher in the female and in the age group below one year than in the male and in the age group of one year and more, whereas the reverse was the case with neutrophil and monocyte counts. 5. Mean platelet count in the age group of less than one year was 377,391(♂ 398,778, ♂ 368,721)/${\mu}l$, whereas mean platelet count in the age group of one year and more was 354,657 (♂ 373,660, ♂ 347,512)/${\mu}l$. The platelet count appeared to be higher in the male than in the female and especially lower in the age group of three years and more($305,513/{\mu}l$) than in the other age groups.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.276-280
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• 1999

It is well-known that onion and garlic of Allium family have been cultivated for major food since ancient times. Especially garlic is known for containing protective materials against cardiovascular disease, neoplasm and cancer, and decreasing cholesterol value. Hemolytic anemia was first reported by Goldsmith in onion-fed cattle in 1909. Subsequently, similar effects have been reported in cattle, horses, sheep, dogs and cats. This toxic effect has been attributed to npropyl disulfide which causes oxidant damage to erythrocyte cell membrane. There are few reports on overconsumption of garlic. Kim et al. reported in 1999 that 45% of Jindo dogs in korea have erythrocytes characterized by high Na-K-ATPase activity with high K and low Na concentrations (HK) which easily results in hemolytic anemia. The purpose of present report is to determine whether garlic-induced hemolytic anemia occurs in normal erythrocytes characterized by complete lack of Na-K-ATPase activity with low K and high Na concentrations (LK) when LK dogs are fed large amounts of garlics. We found in this experiment that Erythrocyte count, PCV and Hemoglobin concentration decreased significantly, and GSH and Met-hemoglobin concentrations increased. Consequently, we determined that overconsumption of garlic induces hemolytic anemia in LK dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.341-344
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• 2001

It is well-known that onion and garlic of Allium family have been cultivated for major food since ancient times. Especially garlic is known for containing protective materials against cardiovascular disease, neoplasm and cancer, and decreasing cholesterol value. Hemolytic anemia was first reported by Goldsmith in onion-fed cattle in 1909. Subsequently, similar effects have been reported in cattle, horses, sheep, dogs and cats. This toxic effect has been attributed to n-propyl disulfide which causes oxidant damage to erythrocyte cell membrane. There are few reports on overconsumption of garlic. Kim et al. reported in 1999 that 45% of Jindo dogs in korea have erythrocytes characterized by high Na-K-ATPase activity with high K and low Na concentrations (HK) which easily results in hemolytic anemia. The purpose of present report is to determine whether garlic-induced hemolytic anemia occurs in normal erythrocytes characterized by complete lack of Na-K-ATPase activity with low K and high Na concentrations (LK) dogs are fed large amounts of garlics. We found in this experiment that Erythrocyte count, PCV and Hemoglobin concentration decreased significantly, and GSH and Met-hemoglobin concentrations increased. Consequently we determined that overconsumption of garlic induces hemolytic anemia in LK dogs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.213-219
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• 1999

Microsatellite allele analysis has been used for individual identification and paternity test. In the present study, the biological father of three puppies was determined by using microsatellite allele amplification analysis. The mother bitch of the litter was a Poongsan dog. The three stud dogs that could have inseminated the bitch, by being in the same residence, were a white Poosan dog, a mixed breed, and a white Jindo dog. DNA was obtained from all the relevant dogs by buccal swabbing. Four loci of tetranucleotide repeat microsatellite were PCR-amplified, and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. The results of genotyping unambigously assigned the Poongsan dog as the biological father. There was no evidence of superfecundation. Therefore, the present study demonstrated the usefulness of microsatellite allele analysis as a simple, efficient method of paternity test in dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 2010

Hermaphroditism occurs rarely in human and animal populations. Previously, in Korea, The hermaphrodite dog in American Cocker Spaniel dogs have been reported in six cases. However, in this case, we found a hermaphrodite dog in Korean native Jindo dog. The characteristics were its enlarged os clitoris that was shown a reddish fingerlike structure protruding from the vulva. The dog was diagnosed as hermaphroditism with ovotestes. To our knowledge, this report is the first case of hermaphroditism in Korean native dog.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.291-296
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• 2011

The karyotype of the domestic dog is widely accepted as one of the difficult mammalian karyotypes to work. In contrast to many other animals, knowledge about the canine karyotype is quite sparse. The dog has a total of 78 chromosomes; all 76 autosomes are acrocentric in morphology and show only a gradual decrease in length. But appear to be quite small and difficult to identify unambiguously. To purchased standardization of chromosome in Korea native dog, there were analyzed by conventional trypsin/Giemsa staining (GTG-banding techniques), and were compared with 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 17 chromosome. There were no variations in karyotypes which were analyzed by conventional GTG-banding techniques, but differences were observed in G-banding patterns with Sapsaree, Jindo, Gyeongju DongGyeong dogs, Welshi-Corgi. It is not clear that these disagreements in G-banding patterns between strains of dog were caused by chromosome polymorphism or a difference in interpretation. Comparative analysis of the distribution patterns of conserved segments defined by dog paints in the genomes of the Korea native dogs demonstrates that their differences in the karyotypes of these three species could have resulted from acrocentric banding patterns.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.496-498
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• 2013

The aim of this study is to report the observed elevation of plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT proBNP) concentration in a Korean Jindo Dog infected with Dirofilaria immitis. Evaluation of the animal included physical examination, thoracic radiography, ELISA kit ($PetCheck^{(R)}$, IDEXX Laboratories, USA) test and plasma NT-proBNP evaluation. The infected animal's NT-proBNP concentration was compared with those of 5 normal dogs of the same age, sex, and breed; the affected Korean Jindo dog had increased plasma NT-proBNP. To the best our knowledge, this is the first report of NT-proBNP elevation in a Korean Jindo dog with dirofilariasis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2005

A survey on the prevalence of heartworms, scabies and demodicosis of 1,011 pet dogs in 5 animal hospitals Jeonju area was peformed from June to October 2004. The result obtained from this experiment were summarized as follows; 1. The 1,011 pet dogs coming to help the animal hospital more than disease of pleonephritis 62($6.1\%$), enteritis 75($7.4\%$), dermatitis 62($6.1\%$), scabies 55($5.4\%$), heartworms 43($4.3\%$), tympanitis 41($4.1\%$), demodicosis 22($2.2\%$), gastritis 21($2.2\%$), fracture 9($0.9\%$), respectively. 2. The 307 examined pet dogs were heartworms antigen positive to 43($14.0\%$), Microfilaria 31($10.1\%$) and the kinds of mixed breeds 34 (antigen and Microfilaria 12), Jindo 19 (antigen 7, Microfilaria 6), respectively. 3. Heartworms antigen positive of examined 34 pet dogs mean ages 4.3 and general blood cell count mean of WBC $20.5{\times}10^3/mm^3$, RBC $61.3{\times}10^6/mm^3$ HGB $6.27g/d{\ell}$ HCT $20.9\%$, PLT $13.0{\times}10^3/mm^3$, MCV $33.2{\mu}m^3$, MCH 39.4pg, MCHC $14.8g/d{\ell}$, RDW $280.1\%$, MPV $9.2{\mu}m^3$, respectively. but showed a few high normal value WBC, MCV, MCH and a low MCHC. 4. This experiment was 1,011 pet dogs to dermatitis 139($13.7\%$) of scabies 55($39.6\%$), demodicosis 22($15.8\%$), respectively.