• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.121-134
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• 2016

Objectives : This thesis analyzes how Song Dynasty(宋代) Confucianism(儒學) has influenced the Oriental Medicine during Geumwon Dynasty(金元代). Methods : This paper will compare with the literature of Zhuxi and the Oriental Medicine scholars of Jin(金) Yuan(元), and search for the correlation of the Confucianism(儒學) and the Oriental Medicine(東洋醫學). Results : During the era of Jin(金) Yuan(元), Confucian physicians(儒醫) were met a new phase of Medicine(醫學) by systematizing the clinical medicine and theory based on the Neo-Confucianism. Conclusions : This study recognizes how the era of Jin(金) Yuan(元) Confucian physicians(儒醫) medically perceived and reinterpreted the aspect of Zhuxi's Neo-Confucianism and theory of Changes.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.61-79
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• 2015

Objectives : In order to prove the extended type of symptom discrimination for triple energizers in Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasty. Methods : Extract the topic-related contents from the books, with key words, triple energizers. After arraying them from this sources according to time order, analyze the data. Results : Analyzing its history from symptom, prescription, and discrimination proved the fact that the extended type of symptom discrimination for triple energizers had been developed continually, and assured that it did not play an important role in forming the narrow type of its symptom discrimination for Wen Bing (溫病) in Qing (淸) Dynasty, but also had been advanced separately from its type for Wen Bing. Conclusions : Symptom discrimination for triple energizers in Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasty gradually went far to become its extended type which widely used for Za Bing (雜病), Wen Bing, and diseases for pediatrics and dermatology.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.8 s.108
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• pp.74-82
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• 2006

In ancient China, Su(綬) was the ornament of the full dress. It had originated from tying the jade or another thing before Jen(秦:Qin) dynasty and it tied the imperial jade seal and the chop from Han dynasty. Su of Han dynasty was different in the inscape, colour, length and density according to the grade. And the shape was the straight line. But these phenomena were changed after Han dynasty. This study showed how it changed. To studying used the comparison method of literature records, paintings and archeological relics. It mostly studied imperial Su. Su of Han dynasty of the high grade was formed by Yeok, the circle type jade and Su(Su moaned whole Su, at the same time moaned the part of Su, too). Afterward, Yeok was changed into Small Su[小綬] and Su was changed into Big Su(大綬). Originally the circle type jade was connecting Yeok to Su, but it was changed into tying Small Su only. Su of Han dynasty used the four kinds of colour, but from Su(隋: Sui) dynasty used the six kinds of colour. Originally Su was interlacing, but it was changed into the silk fabric from Song[宋] dynasty. According to using silk fabric's Su, it was likely to disappear the system distinguishing the grade by length. And it kept the method of interlacing the reticulation in the low part of silk fabric's Su. So, after using silk fabric's Su, the system of the density was not about the main body but about the reticulation. Su was been used woven with supplementary golden wefts, too. The circle type jade was chiseled the dragon and cloud from Geum[金:Jin] dynasty. These not the pattern of silk fabrics.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.145-167
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• 2011

"Soayakjeungjikgyeol(小兒藥證直訣)" written by Jeon Uel(錢乙, 1032-1113) in the Song dynasty, is the most old and well know specialty publication of pediatrics in Easter Traditional Medicine. "Soayakjeungjikgyeol(小兒藥證直訣)" made a big influence not only on the development of pediatrics in later traditional medicine through the explanations of physiological and pathological knowledge and experiences, but also on application of many effective prescriptions which have been used in many clinics until now days. One of the most important meaning which "Soayakjeungjikgyeol(小兒藥證直訣)" has, is that it emphasized on the diagnosis and treatment using the theory of five organs(五臟辨證), and applied it to clinical medicine effectively. In othe words, through application of the theory of five organs in "Hwangjenargyeong(黃帝內經)" to practical field, Jeon Uel(錢乙) played role of a ring connecting with studies of herbal medicine in the school of Yeoksu(易水), and the development of the theory of five organs of the four prominent doctors(金元四大家) in the Jin(金) and Yuan(元) dynasty. In this article, also it is investigated that how the theory of interaction among five phases(五行), can be applied to treatment of pediatrics through analysis of related texts in "Soayakjeungjikgyeol(小兒藥證直訣)". This studies would be useful to understanding the history and properties of the theory of five organs.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.53-59
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• 2007

In Oriental medicine, different suggestions regarding how cerebrovascular accident(CVA) may develop have been offered by several physicians. In Jin(金)Yuan(元) dynasty, Liu Wan Su(劉完素) asserted that CVA was not developed by external PungSa(風邪) but internal HwaYul, which was noted in the "SoMunHyunKiWonByungSik". To verify experimentally Liu's HwaYul theory in rats, normothermic control group (37$^{circ}C$) and hypothermic test group (32$^{circ}C$) were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) of 1hour. In 7days after MCAO, the rats were sacrified and the volume of infarct and the size of edema were measured. The present findings expand our understanding of the pathophysiology as to the CVA which is related to the HwaYul theory.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.51-68
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• 2005

Objective : Rumenshiqin(儒門事親) was compiled by Zhang Zi Huo(張子和) of the Jin(金) Dynasty of China. He invented unique medical theory and treatment such as three excretive methods(perspiratory, vomitory and purgative therapy). The aim of this study was to make the best use of the therapeutic theory of Rumenshiqin(儒門事親) connected with pediatrics. Methods: We conducted literature search in detail for contents of Rumenshiqin(儒門事親) and reviewed various kinds of books. Results : Zhang Zi Huo(張子和) recognized that children had pure-yang bodies(純陽之體) and emphasized that children need to prevent heat-stagnation(鬱熱) and asthenic yin(損陰). He instructed that a principle of raising such as wearing thin clothes, eating fresh food, harboring little desire and little anger, and taking temperate medicine. He described that pathogenic factors were mistake of rearing, misuse of medicine, exogenous factor, and excessive emotion. Conclusion : According to the above results, it is concluded that his therapeutic theory should be used at present.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.285-296
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• 2008

"The Golden Mirror of Medicine(醫宗金鑑)" is a very famous medical book. It was compiled by the medical officers of the Cheong(淸, Qing) Dynasty, especially headed by Ogyeom(吳謙, Wuqian). "The Elimination ＆amp; Supplement about the Famous Prescription Comments(刪補名醫方論)"that forms one part of "The Golden Mirror of Medicine(醫宗金鑑)", is a collection of famous notes about important prescriptions. Many parts of "The Elimination ＆amp; Supplement about the Famous Prescription Comments(刪補名醫方論)" were quoted from "The Famous Prescription Comments on Ancient and Modern Times(古今名醫方論)". The first part of the vol. Ⅱ of "The Elimination ＆amp; Supplement about the Famous Prescription Comments(刪補名醫方論)"mainly describes about the prescriptions of elevating Yanggi[升陽], which were invented by Igo(李杲, Ligao), a famous physician of the Geum(金, Jin) Dynasty. The treatments were five and three of them were quoted from "The Famous Prescription Comments on Ancient and Modern Times(古今名醫方論)". The basic rule of herbal combination of these prescriptions is a combination of herbs of strengthening-gi[補氣] and dispersing herbs[發散藥]. If the dispersing herbs[發散藥] is used with the herbs of strengthening-gi[補氣藥], they elevate Yanggi(陽氣) together.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2015

During the reign of King Sejong (世宗, 1418-1450) in the Joseon Dynasty, there were lots of astronomical instruments, including miniaturized ones. Those instruments utilized the technical know-how acquired through building contemporary astronomical instruments previously developed in the Song(宋), Jin(金), and Yuan(元) dynasties of China. In those days, many astronomical instruments had circles, rings, and spheres carved with a scale of 365.25, 100, and 24 parts, respectively, on their circumference. These were called the celestial-circumference degree, hundred-interval (Baekgak), and 24 direction, respectively. These scales are marked by the angular distance, not by the angle. Therefore, these circles, rings, and spheres had to be optimized in size to accomodate proper scales. Assuming that the scale system is composed of integer multiples of unit length, we studied the sizes of circles by referring to old articles and investigating existing artifacts. We discovered that the star chart of Cheonsang yeolcha bunyajido was drawn with a royal standard ruler (周尺) based on the unit length of 207 mm. Interestingly, its circumference was marked by the unit scale of 3 puns per 1 du (or degree) like Honsang (a celestial globe). We also found that Hyeonju ilgu (a equatorial sundial) has a Baekgak disk on a scale of 1 pun per 1 gak (that is an interval of time similar to a quarter). This study contributes to the analysis of specifications of numerous circular elements from old Korean astronomical instruments.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.96-119
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• 2015

This research has studied the changes of Gwi-po(轉角包) by taking the cases of China's medieval wooden buildings as objects. The purpose of the study is to examine the time-periodic transition process of Gwi-po through the cases of 71 wooden buildings which were built from Tang(唐) dynasty(AD 618~690 & 705~907) until Jin(金) dynasty(AD 1115~1234) and also designated as 'Major Historical and Cultural Sites Protected at the National Level'. This research has taken note of various frame types of Jwau-dae(左右隊), which are architectural components of Gwi-po, to study the changes and development process of Gwi-po. The results are as follows. An important factor in the transformations of Gwi-po format is the changes in perception of the craftsmen about Jwau-dae, who took charge in the building process. In the early periods, the principles of Yidou sanshen dougong(一斗三升) in constructing ancons of Gwi-po had been well-maintained, while there appeared many different types of Gwi-po in later periods, due to the usage of Jwau-dae and $Shu{\check{a}}$ $t{\acute{o}}u$(?頭) in each Chulmok of Gwi-po. Transitional types of Gwi-po, which were evolved from the earlier ones, are divided into 3 categories by different forms of Jwau-dae, placed on odd number stages. The first one is 'none-$f{\bar{a}}ng$ $t{\acute{o}}u$(無枋頭) type' of Song(AD 960~1127, 1127~1279) and Liao dynasty(AD 907~1125) buildings, which doesn't have $f{\bar{a}}ng$ $t{\acute{o}}u$(枋頭)s, for the reason that Jwau-dae(左右隊) is in direct contact with Gwihan-dae(耳限大). The second one is '$Shu{\check{a}}$ $t{\acute{o}}u$ $f{\bar{a}}ng$ $t{\acute{o}}u$(?頭枋頭) type' of Song(AD 960~1127, 1127~1279) and Jin dynasty(AD 1115~1234), that has $f{\bar{a}}ng$ $t{\acute{o}}u$(枋頭)s of Jwau-dae(左右隊) identical to $Shu{\check{a}}$ $t{\acute{o}}u$(?頭) in form. The last one is '$Xi{\check{a}}o$ $g{\check{o}}ng$ $t{\acute{o}}u$(小?頭) type' of Jin(AD 1115~1234) and Yuan dynasty(AD 1271~1368), which has $f{\bar{a}}ng$ $t{\acute{o}}u$(枋頭)s of Jwau-dae identical to $Xi{\check{a}}o$ $g{\check{o}}ng$ $t{\acute{o}}u$(小?頭) in form. The earlier forms of Gwi-po, which appeared between Tang dynasty(AD 618~690 & 705~907) and Five Dynasties periods(907~960) went through transitional forms of 'non-$f{\bar{a}}ng$ $t{\acute{o}}u$(無枋頭) type', '$Shu{\check{a}}$ $t{\acute{o}}u$ $f{\bar{a}}ng$ $t{\acute{o}}u$(?頭枋頭) type' and '$Xi{\check{a}}o$ $g{\check{o}}ng$ $t{\acute{o}}u$(小?頭) type' and finally had its form settled between Yuan(元, AD 1271~1368) and Ming(明. AD 1368~1644) dynasty periods. In Liao(遼) dynasty period(AD 907~1125), as the buildings got bigger and the tendency of longer eave-exposure was implemented, there grew a certain need to structurally reinforce Gwi-po, on which load of the whole roof is concentrated. Especially, the transition from Tōuxīn $z{\grave{a}}o$(偸心造) style to Jì xīn $z{\grave{a}}o$(計心造) style in this period had a great influence on standardization of Gwi-po, along with None-${\acute{A}}ng$(無仰) style. Furthermore, Wing-type Gong(翼型?), which developed in Liao dynasty(AD 907~1125), is also thought to have had a great influence on the transition from Tōuxīn $z{\grave{a}}o$(偸心造) style to Jì xīn $z{\grave{a}}o$(計心造) style by changing the forms of Gongs(?), such as Gwi-po. However, unlike None-${\acute{A}}ng$(無仰) style, there occurred a gradual change from '$Shu{\check{a}}$ $t{\acute{o}}u$ $f{\bar{a}}ng$ $t{\acute{o}}u$(?頭枋頭) type' to '$Xi{\check{a}}o$ $g{\check{o}}ng$ $t{\acute{o}}u$(小?頭) type' of Gwi-po in $Xi{\grave{a}}$ ${\acute{a}}ng$ style.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.89-103
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• 2018

Uirimchalyo (醫林撮要), one of the most important books in the history of Korean Medicine (KM), has not been researched within the framework provided by Yi'an (醫案), an East Asian tradition of describing clinical encounters with the therapies employed. In modern times, this practice of Yi'an might be similar to the outline of a singular "case study". The authors designed the study to analyze the basic information of Yi'an within the Uirimchalyo and to contribute to the foundations of employing Yi'an in Korean Medicine. A standard was established, and the 123 Yi'ans were extracted, most of which were taken from the chapter, Historic Doctors (歷代醫學姓氏). Using this information and in comparison with other medical books such as Euibangyoochui (醫方類聚), the authors learned that the Yi'ans from the Jinyuansidajia (金元四大家), including those of four eminent clinicians in Jin (金) and Yuan (元) Dynasty, are excluded from Uirimchalyo. The authors identified that Yi'ans from other medical books, are cited in the Uirimchalyo but with different format, not with the traditionally understood form of Yi'an. This study of the Uirimchalyo Yi'an resulted in three important understandings of Yi'an. First, the mere number of Uirimchalyo Yi'an is meaningful in that it raised the genre of Yi'an to the a level not previously recognized. Second, in the history of Korean Medicine, Yi'an is first systematized in the Uirimchalyo at the chapter of Historic Doctors. Third, Uirimchalyo raised the concept of usefulness of Yi'an, to the practice of Korean Medicine.