• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.170-175
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• 2010

동축류버너를 이용한 제트확산화염에서 이산화탄소의 첨가가 매연 생성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. R-타입 열전대를 이용하여 화염대 및 황염과 청염의 경계온도를 측정하였다. 광감쇄법을 이용하여 화염이 존재하는 국소부분에서의 상대적인 매연 농도(1-I/$I_0$)를 측정하였다. 광원으로는 파장이 632.8nm인 He-Ne 레이저가 사용되었고 디텍터를 이용하여 매연입자에 의해 산란과 흡수를 겪은 후의 감쇄된 신호를 직접 측정하였다. 또한, 매연 생성에 있어서의 열적 효과를 알아보기 위해 산화제의 유속을 변화시켜 유속에 의한 영항을 알아보았다. 실험 결과로써, 황염과 청염 각각의 온도는 이산화탄소의 첨가에 따라 점차 낮아졌지만 황염과 청염의 경계온도는 거의 일정하였다. 산화제 측에 이산화탄소를 첨가함에 따라 상대적인 매연 농도는 낮아졌고 이는 산화제의 유속을 증가시켰을 때의 효과와 유사했다. 이것은 화염온도의 저하와 매연입자의 체류시간 감소에 기인하는 것으로 생각된다. 또한 이산화탄소의 첨가가 화염의 불안정성을 야기하여 순수 에틸렌/공기 화염에 비해 화염의 길이가 다소 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.3647-3653
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• 2010

본 오디오 스피커로 음향 가진과 비가진 된 충돌 역 확산화염에서 화염의 형상과 열전달 특성에 관한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 가진에 의해 화염은 반응대가 넓어지고 화염 길이는 좀 더 짧아지는 경향을 보이며 충돌판의 정체점에서 열전달 성능인 열유속은 가진에 의해 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 가진 효과는 당량비가 높은 과농한 상태 보다 상대적으로 낮은 혼합 상태에서 효과적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되는데 이는 가진에 의해 주위산화제가 연료 분류로의 유입이 향상되어 나타나는 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 현상으로 본 연구에서는 당량비가 0.8인 경우 정체점에서 총 열유속이 최대 57% 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 가진 연소가 충돌 분류 화염에서 열전달 성능을 향상시키는데 효과적인 방법임을 확인하게 되었다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 제26회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.255-260
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• 2003

Characteristics of methane jet diffusion flames using pure oxygen with recirculating $CO_{2}$ as an oxidizer were investigated experimentally. A coflow burner was considered, and the diameter of confinement was larger than that of the coflow. No stabilized flame could be observed over 75% of $CO_{2}$ volume percent. A comparison between air and $O_{2}/CO_{2}$ mixture was made in terms of liftoff velocity, flame liftoff height, and blowout conditions. As results, more stable flame could be observed with $O_{2}/CO_{2}$ mixture for the case of having similar flame temperature.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2005년도 제31회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.305-313
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• 2005

Measurements of flame length, width and NOx emissions have been conducted to investigate the effect of an acoustic excitation on flame structure in turbulent hydrogen diffusion flames with coaxial air. The resonance frequency of oscillations was varied between 259 ,514 and 728 Hz with power rate of 0.405 and 2.88w. When these frequencies imposed to hydrogen flames, dramatic reduction of flame length and NOx emission was achieved. And acetone planar laser-induced fluorescence technique was used to measure a concentration of the near field of driven axisymmetric jet. The air-fuel stoichiometric line was plotted to investigate the mixing layer and development of air entrainment to fuel jet. Consequently, acoustic excitation on flame could enhance the air-fuel mixing resulting in abatement of NOx emission quantitatively.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

Flame structure of diffusion flame interacting with a single vortex was investigated with direct numerical simulation (DNS). A well-known counterflow diffusion flame was used as an initial flat flame and single vortices were made by issuing a high-velocity jet abruptly in fuel- and air-side. The variations in the maximum concentration of major species (CO and $CO_2$) and NOx (NO and $NO_2$) with the stoichiometric scalar dissipation rate were investigated. Unsteady effects in the species concentration variation of the flame interacting with a vortex were identified by comparing with that of steady flame. $NO_2$ formation characteristics of the flame interacting with a vortex were well understood by investigating the $HO_2$ formation. To enhance the prediction performance in the fire simulation, current turbulent combustion modelings are needed to be modified by adopting the unsteady effects in the species concentrations of diffusion flame interacting with a vortex.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.275-285
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• 2003

A visualization study on the effect of forcing amplitude in tone-excited jet diffusion flames has been conducted. Visualization techniques are employed using optical schemes. which are a light scattering photography. Flame stability curve is attained according to Reynolds number and forcing amplitude at a fuel tube resonant frequency. Flame behavior is globally grouped into two from attached flame to blown-out flame according to forcing amplitude: one sticks the tradition flame behavior which has been observed in general jet diffusion flames and the other shows a variety of flame modes such as the flame of a feeble forcing amplitude where traditionally well-organized vortex motion evolves, a fat flame. an elongated flame. and an in-burning flame. Particular attention is focused on an elongation flame. which is associated with a turnabout phenomenon of vortex motion and on a reversal of the direction of vortex roll-up. It is found that the flame length with forcing amplitude is the direct outcome of the evolution process of the formed inner flow structure. Especially the negative part of the acoustic cycle under the influence of a strong negative pressure gradient causes the shapes of the fuel stem and fuel branch part and even the direction of vortex roll-up to dramatically change.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.160-166
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• 2004

Combustion using oxygen enriched air is known as a technology which can increase flame stability as well as thermal efficiency due to improving the burning rate. Lift-off, blowout limit and flame length were examined as a function of jet velocity, coflow velocity and OEC(Oxygen Enriched Concentration). Blowout limit of the flame below OEC 25% decreased with increase of coflow velocity, but the limit above OEC 25% increased inversely. Lift-off height decreased with increase of OEC. In particular, lift-off hardly occurred in the condition above OEC 40%. Flame length of the flames above OEC 40% was increased until the blowout occurred. Great flame stability was obtained since lift-off and blowout limit significantly increased with increase of OEC.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.326-331
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• 2003

Combustion using oxygen enriched air is known as a technology which can increase flame stability as well as thermal efficiency due to improvement of the burning rate. Lift-off, blowout limit and flame length were examined as a function of jet velocity, coflow velocity and OEC(Oxygen Enriched Concentration). Blowout limit of the flame below OEC 25% decreased with coflow velocity, but the limit above OEC 25% increased inversely. Lift-off height decreased with increase of OEC. Especially lift-off hardly occurred in the condition above OEC 40%. Flame length of the flames above OEC 40% was increased until the blowout occurred. Flame stability became improved since lift-off and blowout limit increased much with increase of OEC.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.402-409
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• 2002

Experiments were performed with double-concentric diffusion flame(DDF) in order to investigate the characteristics of soot formation and temperature distributions. The flame size and shape of the DDF are similar to those of the well-known normal co-flow diffusion flame(WF), except the formation of a tiny inverse flame near the central tube exit. A laser light extinction technique was used to measure the soot volume fractions. The temperature distributions in the flame were measured by rapid insertion of a R-type thermocouple. Soot concentrations along the flame axis of the DDF were higher than those of the NDF. However, the maximum soot volume fraction of the DDF along the periphery of the flame was lower than that of the NDF. It is mainly due to the effect of nitrogen-dilution from the inner air. Measured temperature distribution explains these trends of soot concentration. The temperature along the flame axis was also higher in DDF than that of the NDF. However, the flame temperatures at the flame front of the two flames were almost same regardless of the inner flame. This phenomenon means that the inverse flame inside the DDF did not affect on the flame structure including the temperature and soot concentration, except the region around the flame axis.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가시화정보학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.135-140
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• 2006

The stabilization mechanism of turbulent, lifted jet flames in a non-premixed condition has been studied experimentally. The objectives are to explain the phenomenon of a liftoff height decreasing as increasing fuel velocity and to reveal the mechanisms of flame stability Hydrogen was varied from 100 to 300 m/s and a coaxial air was fixed at 16 m/s with a coflow air less than 0.1 m/s. The technique of PIV and OH PLIF was used simultaneously with CCD and ICCD cameras. It was found that the liftoff height of the jet decreased with an increased fuel jet exit velocity. The leading edge at the flame base was moving along the stoichiometric line. Finally we confirmed that the stabilization of lifted hydrogen diffusion flames is related with a turbulent intensity, which means combustion is occurred where the local flow velocity is equal to the turbulent flame propagation velocity.