• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.186-194
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• 2014

The object of this study was to obtain acute toxicity information (single-dose oral toxicity) of Woohwangchungshim-won (WHCSW), a pill type herbal medicine used in Korean Medicine (KM) for treating stroke. In order to obtain the 50% lethal dose (LD50), approximate lethal dosage (ALD) and target organs, WHCSW powders were once orally administered to female and male ICR mice at dose levels of 2,000, 1,000, 500 and 0 (control) mg/kg (body weight.) according to the recommendation of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) Guidelines (Notification No. 2009-116). The mortality and changes in the body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored for 14 days after single-dose oral administration of WHCSW according to KFDA Guidelines with organ weights and histopathological changes were observed in 12 principle organs. After single-dose oral administration of WHCSW, we could not find any mortality and toxicological evidences up to 2,000 mg/kg-administered group, except for some accidental findings and dose-independent increases of body weight gains in female 1,000 and 500 mg/kg-administered female mice. The results obtained in this study suggest that the LD50 and ALD of WHCSW in both female and male mice after single-dose oral administration were considered as over 2,000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected up to 2,000 mg/kg that was the highest dose recommended by KFDA and Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), and can be safely used in clinics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.336.1-336.1
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• 2014

대표적인 TCO 물질인 ITO는 디스플레이 패널이나 태양 전지 등과 같은 소자에 널리 사용되고 있다. 최근에는 대량생산 및 대면적화, 그리고 유연 디스플레이 응용을 위해 롤투롤 스퍼터링(roll to roll sputtering) 공정을 이용하여 플라스틱 기판에 ITO박막을 증착하여 ITO 필름을 제작하고 있다. 롤투롤 방식으로 ITO 필름의 제작 시 공정 변수에 따라 ITO 박막의 전기적 광학적 물성 변화가 매우 크기 때문에, 공정 변수에 따른 ITO 박막의 전기적, 광학적 특성 변화에 대한 연구의 필요성이 매우 높아지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 롤투롤 스퍼터링 방법으로 PET 기판 위에 다양한 조건으로 ITO 박막을 증착하여 공정변수에 따른 ITO 박막의 물성을 조사 하였다. 이를 위해 ITO (In/Sn=95/5 wt.%) 타겟을 사용하여 DC 파워와 산소 분압비, 열처리 온도 등을 변화시켜 낮은 면저항과 높은 광투과도를 가지는 최적의 ITO 증착 조건을 찾은 후 ITO 박막을 PET 기판 위에 두께 별로 증착 하였다. ITO 박막의 두께와 열처리 온도에 따른 전기적 특성은 면저항 측정기와 홀 측정 장치를 이용하여 분석하였고, 분광광도계와 탁도 측정기를 이용하여 광학적 특성을 관찰하였다. 또한, GIXD를 이용하여 이들 박막의 구조와 결정성에 대한 조사를 수행하였다. 이 결과들로부터 산소 분압비에 따른 ITO/PET 박막의 저항 특성 변화와 ITO 박막의 두께와 열처리 온도에 따른 구조적, 전기적, 광학적 특성을 조사하여, 롤투롤 스퍼터링법에서 공정 조건에 따른 ITO/PET 필름의 물성변화를 보고하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.73-74
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• 2019

We are developing a receiver that integrates eLoran and GNSS for navigation. The receiver shows similar performance to LORADD receiver in single navigation using Loran-C. In the case of GNSS navigation, the receiver uses GPS and GLONASS or GPS and BDS, so it has better navigation performance than the LORADD receiver using only GPS. Therefore, it is possible to expect better performance than the LORADD receiver in the integrated navigation which can complete the time synchronization between the chains later and obtaion the TOA. Loran data channel decoding function is implemented for eLoran navigation and the function of eliminating error factors such as interference is being implemented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.85-85
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• 2011

반도체 생산 공정은 청정 환경을 요구하며, 이를 위해서는 고진공 환경이 필수적인 요소이다. 반도체 생산 라인의 고진공 환경 조성을 위해서는 주로 복합 분자 펌프와 크라이오 펌프가 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 상용 크라이오 펌프에 사용되던 GM 극저온 냉동기를 맥동관 냉동기로 대체하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 맥동관 냉동기는 저온부에 움직이는 부분이 없어 진동이 작고, 신뢰성이 높은 장점이 있어 이를 이용한 크라이오 펌프는 반도체 생산 공정의 공정 정밀도 향상에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 맥동관 냉동기는 크라이오 펌프에 사용하기 위하여 2단으로 구성되며, 저온부가 U자 형상으로 개발되었다. 상용화를 고려하여 로터리 밸브와 위상조절기구가 위치하는 상온부는 일체형으로 제작하였다. 제작된 맥동관 냉동기의 기초 냉각 성능 시험 결과 부하가 없는 조건에서 최저도달온도는 1단과 2단에서 각각 42.53 K과 8.68 K 이었으며, 부하 시험 결과 1단과 2단에서 각각 40 W at 82.97 K, 10 W at 20.51 K의 냉각 능력을 갖는 것으로 측정되었다. 개발된 맥동관 냉동기에 복사차폐막 및 1차, 2차 냉각판을 설치하여 크라이오 펌프를 구성하였고, 기체 질소에 대한 배기 속도 측정 시험을 수행하였다. 배기속도 측정 결과 배기속도는 2차 냉각판의 형상에 크게 영향을 받는 것이 확인되었으며, 약 650 L/의 배기속도를 갖는 것으로 측정되었다. 실험 결과를 바탕으로 크라이오 펌프로 작동시 맥동관 냉동기의 동작 특성 및 배기 속도 향상을 위한 방안을 논의하였다.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.85-94
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• 2019

The modular apartment has been completed for the first time in Korea through the national research and development (R&D) project in December 2017, and 30 households moved in. Although conditions such as technicality and constructability have to be satisfied to adopt and spread the modular apartments in the future, economic feasibility is the most important factor among the conditions. The economic feasibility of modular apartments can be compared with that of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structure apartments. It is highly important to reduce the construction cost through standardization above all. The standardization refers to establishment of national design standards and principles, and it is important for manufacturers and building companies to comply with those standards and principles. The modular construction (MC) skill in Korea is at an early adoption stage and the MC market is not widely expanded yet. Thus, the application of the MC design, which is the basis of the standardization, has not been widely accepted. However, related R&D projects are now performing mainly by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport to promote modular apartments in recent years and the design standardization standard (draft) is now prepared to be notified as a result of the steady research. Furthermore, pilot complexes for demonstration purpose are under construction, starting from public rental apartments. Thus, MC method-applied public rental houses will be spread in near future. This study aims to investigate the current design status in the Ga-Yang Housing as a pilot modular complex to produce and supply more economical and efficient modular houses, and analyze the problems by comparing the design standardization standards with pre-notified design standardization standards and summarize the modifications between them thereby presenting foundational data for establishment of the design standardization in the modular business industry.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.315-321
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• 2015

ATMS calculates section travel time using two-way communication system called DSRC(Dedicated Short Range Communications) which collects data of RSE (Road Side Equipment) and Hi-pass OBU (On-board Unit). Travel time estimation in urban area involves uncertainty due to the interrupted flow. This study not only analyzed real-time data but also considered pattern data. Baek-Je-Ro street in Jeon-Ju city was selected as a test site. Existing algorithm was utilized for data filtering and pattern data building. Analysis results repoted that travel time estimation with 20% of real-time data and 80% of pattern data mixture gave minimum average difference of 37.5 seconds compare to the real travel time at the 5% significant level. Results of this study recommend usage of intermixture between real time data and pattern data to minimize error for travel time estimation in urban area.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2007

Purpose: Owing to organophosphate-pyrethroid mixtures are widely used, suicidal or unintentional poisoning is common. But there have been relatively few reports of poisoning. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the difference of the severity and toxicity between organophosphate-pyrethroid mixtures poisoning and single organophosphate poisoning. Methods: From August 2005 to July 2006, 65 patients presented with organophosphate-pyrethroid mixtures poisoning to emergency medical center. Date were gathered by report form it was drawn up. Results: 65 patients were enrolled in 28 hospitals and their mean age was $56.5{\pm}16.2$ years old. The most common cause of poisoning was suicide, in 52 cases(80%). Chlorpyrifos-cypermethrin, malathion-esfenvalerate were the most frequent chemicals involved, and the mean ingestion amount was 135.4ml. The most common symptom of the patients was nausea/vomiting, in 16 patients. The average GCS score was 13. The mean ICU stay was $4.4{\pm}5.2$ days, and mortality was 3.1%. Conclusion: The severity and toxicity of organophosphate-pyrethroid mixture poisoning were lower than that of single organophosphate poisoning.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.467-476
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• 2010

Object : The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of atherosclerosis risk factors and pulse wave velocity (PWV) of carotid-femoral artery with Sasang constitution. This study also aimed to investigate the relationship between PWV and risk factors of atherosclerosis, including serum cholesterol and homosisteine, hs-CRP. Methods : We enrolled 160 patients without experience strokes who visited our hospital for a medical examination from January 1, 2008 to April 30, 2010 except patients whose body constitutions were undetermined according to QSCCII. We investigated the correlation between serum cholesterol values, blood pressure, body mass index(BMI), homosistein, hs-CRP and PWV. Pearson's correlation and partial correlation analysis were applied to examine the relationship between PWV and risk factors of atherosclerosis. Result : Among the 160 subjects, 54 were Taeumin, 54 were Soyangin, and 52 were Soeumin. The prevalences of high BMI (P-value <0.01), high hs-CRP(P-value <0.05), and high PWV(P-value <0.05) of Taeumin were higher than those of the other constitutions. PWV of carotid-femoral artery was significantly different among the three constitutional groups(Taeumin: $8.12{\pm}1.64m/sec$, Soyangin: $7.48{\pm}1.16m/sec$, Soeumin: $7.49{\pm}1.12m/sec$)(P-value <0.05). This research has show a statistical significance between the average amount of carotid-femoral artery PWV that is higher in Taeumin. Age factor of Taeumin was the effective determinant of the increase of mean PWV of carotid-femoral arteries. Conclusions : There were significant differences in the prevalence of atherosclerosis according to Sasang constitution. This study showed that atherosclerosis was more prevalent in Taeumin. Therefore, according to our results, risk of atherosclerosis was higher in Taeumin than among other constitutions.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.638-643
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• 1999

In this study we prepared 5 types of nutritional beverage base samples containing various ratios of soy protein isolate (SPI) and sodium caseinate as protein source. The rheological properties of each sample were measured and the results were as followes; Samples changed their rheological properties with the ratio of SPI. Samples represented newtonian property with low ratio of SPI, pseudoplastic property with the increment of SPI, and bingham pseudoplastic property with higher increment of SPI (80% as protein source). In this result we conjectured that the more was the SPI, the more was the formation of progel during heat treatment, which could be the reason of the rheological changes. In the test of the relationship between temperature and apparent viscosity, apparent viscosity of samples decreased along with the increment of temperature. In observing the relationship between time and apparent viscosity, we found sample, containing high ratio of SPI (80%), represented thixotropic property clearly with the hysteresis loop.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.69-78
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• 2024

Recently, the use of CCTV to prevent crowd accidents has been promoted, but research is needed to compensate for the spatial limitations of CCTV. In this study, pedestrian density was measured using drone footage, and based on a review of existing literature, a threshold of 6.7 people/m² was selected as the cutoff risk level for crowd accidents. In addition, we conducted a preliminary study to determine drone parameters and found that the pedestrian recognition rate was high at a drone altitude of 20 meters and an angle of 60°. Based on a previous study, we selected a target area with a high concentration of pedestrians and measured pedestrian density, which was found to be 0.27~0.30 per m². The study shows it is possible to measure risk levels by determining pedestrian densities in target areas using drone images. We believe drone surveillance will be utilized for crowd safety management in the near future.