• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.301-308
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• 2012

In the treatment of mandibular condyle fracture, conservative treatment using closed reduction or surgical treatment using open reduction can be used. Management of mandibular condylar fractures remains a source of ongoing controversy in oral and maxillofacial trauma. For each type of condylar fracture,the treatment method must be chosen taking into consideration the presence of teeth, fracture height, patient'sadaptation, patient's masticatory system, disturbance of occlusal function, and deviation of the mandible. In the past, closed reduction with concomitant active physical therapy conducted after intermaxillary fixation during the recovery period had been mainly used, but in recent years, open treatment of condylar fractures with rigid internal fixation has become more common. The objective of this review was to evaluate the main variables that determine the choice of an open or closed method for treatment of condylar fractures, identifying their indications, advantages, and disadvantages, and to appraise the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions that are used in the management of fractures of the mandibular condyle.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.45-57
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• 1974

This report based on 300 cases of serious diseases in maxillofacial region by radiograms seen at the department of dental radiodontics, infirmary school of dentistry, Kyung Hee University from October 1971 to August 1974. The maxillofacial diseases were analysed upon the following items, such as 1) the frequency of dominant diseases, 2) sex-ratio of male to female, 3) predominant region of diseases, 4) comparison with the age, 5) the incidence of diseases in relative to the individual teeth. The results were obtained as follows. 1) Among the total of 300 cases of the patients, the frequency of dominant diseases of patients were fractures of facial bone (44.3±2.87%), inflammatory diseases (22.7±2.39%), cysts (11.1±1.62%), tumors (10.7±1.77%), maxillary sinusitis (7.9±1.56%), temporomandibular joint disorders(3.3±1.05%) in the order. 2) The ex-ratio of male to female in occurence of jaw fractures were 7.3:1, temporomandibular joint disorders were 2.1:1, inflammatory diseases were 1.8:1, maxillary sinusitis were 1.7:1, but tumors were equal to 1:1, while cysts were 1:1.2 in sex difference. 3) The predominant region of mandibular fractures were symphysis(17.3±3.27%), canine region (15.0±3.09%), and angle region (14.3:±3.04%) in the order. Inflammatory diseases were occured frequently in mandible and it's left side were a little dominant. Odontogenic cysts were observed frequently in maxilla, but regardless of right and left. Carcinomas were involved most frequently in maxilla, while sarcomas and ameloblastomas in mandible. Frequency of the maxillary sinusitis were dominant right side and molar area, also temporomandibular joint disorders were right side. 4) To study comparison with the age jaw fractures showed the highest ratio at the 2nd decade(32.3±4.06%), and 3rd decade (27.8±3.89%), 4th decade (19.6±3.44%), 6th decade (9.0±2.47%), 5th decade(6.0±2.06%), 1st decade (5.3±1.95%) in the order. But 7th decade were not involved entirely. Frequency of the inflammatory diseases were the highest in the age group of 3rd decade (28.0±5.44%), and those of cysts were 5th decade (24.2±7.22%), temporomandibular joint disorders were 3rd decade (60.0±15.49%). Tumors were occured frequently over the 4th decade especially malignint tumors over the 5th decade, but maxillary sinusitis were rearless of age except for 2nd decade. 5) About the incidence of diseases in relative to individual teeth, fractures of facial bone were most frequently involved the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth, and mandibular 3rd molar region. Cysts were maxillary anterior region inflammatory diseases were mandibular molar region maxillary sinusitis were maxillary 1st molar, region but tumors were regardless of individual teeth.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2014

Background: Maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) is usually used to treat double mandibular fractures. However, advancements in reduction and fixation techniques may allow recovery of the premorbid dental arch and occlusion without the use of MMF. We investigated whether anatomical reduction and microplate fixation without MMF could provide secure immobilization and correct occlusion in double mandibular fractures. Methods: Thirty-four patients with double mandibular fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation without MMF. Both fracture sites were surgically treated. For bony fixations, we used microplates with or without wire. After reduction, each fracture site was fixed at two or three points to maintain anatomical alignment of the mandible. Interdental wiring was used to reduce the fracture at the superior border and to enhance stability for 6 weeks. Mouth opening was permitted immediately. Results: No major complications were observed, including infection, plate exposure, non-union, or significant malocclusion. Five patients experienced minor complications, among whom the only one patient experienced a persistant but mild malocclusion with no need for additional management. Conclusion: This study showed that double mandibular fractures correction with two-or three-point fixation without MMF simplified the surgical procedure, increased patient comfort, and reduced complications, due to good stability and excellent adaptation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.166-168
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• 2016

It can be challenging to create a safe airway in maxilla facial fracture and some skull surgeries. In this case study, the patient experienced jaw fractures that disturbed the dental occlusion and associated fracture of the base of the skull. Neither nasal nor oral intubation was possible based on the side effects of tracheotomy; therefore, submental intubation was applied successfully. The procedure and results are presented in the text.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.16 no.1 s.104
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• pp.43-50
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• 1978

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of Cyclophosphamide on the healing process of fractures of the mice. Tweny-one young adult male mice were used. All of them were experimentally fractured in the left mandibular body areas, and Cyclophosphamide 0.1mg. per 30gr. body wt. was administrated intramuscularly to the experimental group. the mice of both control and experimental groups were sacrificed 1,3,5,7,10,14, and 21st day after operations and microscopic slides were made. The author has observed the histopathological findings. The results were as follows; 1. There were no specific difference between the experimental and control group in the early stage (1~5th day after operation) of the healing process of the mandibular fracture. 2. In the healing process of fractures 7-10th day after operation, the fibrous tissure formation and osteoblastic activity were poor in the experimental groop compared with the control group. 3. In the healing process of fractures 14-21th day after operation, the connective tissue and new bone formation were very poor in the experimental group compared with the control group. 4. On the whole, cyclophosphamide affected the experimentally fractured wound to delay healing in the jaw bone of the mice.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.378-385
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• 2018

Mandibular fractures occur with high incidence among various fractures in maxillofacial region in children. Jaw fractures in children should be approached differently than in adults because bone growth continues throughout childhood. As far as displacement of the fragment is not severe, or if it is condyle that is fractured, closed reduction and additional intermaxillary fixation can be considered. Functional exercise is also required to prevent ankylosis of temporomandibular joint. Several complications, particularly malocclusion and facial asymmetry due to growth disturbances, can occur after condylar fractures. If growth disturbances take place after mandibular fractures, catch-up growth may occur in some patients, thus, periodic observation is necessary. In case of persistent growth disturbances, functional devices may be used to prevent severe facial asymmetry. This case report describes the long-term follow-up of two patients with facial asymmetry after mandibular fracture.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 1989

The major causes of the facial bone fractures are fractures are automobile collision or other accident, and fights. Of the facial bone fractures, the nasal bone fractures are monst common. According to Schroeder et al., 50% of facial bone fractures are isolated fractures of the nasal pyramid. But the fractured nasal bone is not immediately treated as other facial bone fractures. And it is necessary to delay the treatment of the combined nasal bone fractures with other jaw bone fractures because of the difficult anesthetic techniques. Therefore there are many residual nasal deformities following a fracture; nasal hump, saddle nose and alar rim defect. Many authors have suggested the methods to correct the post-traumatic nasal deformities. We have treated several patients with several methods and this paper presents the operating methods and results.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was the long-term clinical and radiological evaluation of conservatively treated condylar fractures in children. This study was therefore undertaken to analyze the long-term effects of treating condylar fractures in children with conservative therapy in order to resolve the controversial question of whether complete remodeling occurs in this age or, if not, whether it is more likely to be associated with certain types of fracture or with other factors. This study was based on a series of 11 consecutive children and adolescents, aged between 3 and 15 years, with fractures of the condylar process who had been treated with conservative therapy at the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial surgery, Inha University Hospital, Inchon, Korea. All patients underwent a clinical investigation with special emphasis on Temporomandibular joint function and facial asymmetry. The patients also underwent a radiologic investigation, focusing on fracture remodeling and symmetry of mandible. It consists of panoramic radiograph, PA & lateral cephalogram and 3-D CT. No patient described impaired temporomandibular joint(TMJ) function or pain on the affected side. 2 of 8 (25%) unilateral and 1 bilateral fractures show slight facial asymmetry. Despite apparently excellent recovery of function, there were marked remodeling changes evident on the CT scan. Such changes are not usually evident on panoramic radiograph. Radiologic investigation showed incomplete remodelling(54.5%) and asymmetry of the mandible (27.3%) in some patients. Conservative treatment of condyle fracture in children results in satisfactory long-term outcome of jaw function despite a relative high frequency of radiologically noted aberrations.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2022

Background: Intermaxillary fixation (IMF) is a technique that allows for the reduction and stabilization of mandibular fractures. Several methods of IMF, such as self-tapping screws or arch bars, have been developed. This study aimed to validate the usefulness of IMF with a self-tapping screw compared to IMF with arch bars with focus on the patients' perspective. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients who were treated for mandibular fractures at our hospital between August 2014 and February 2021. A total of 57 patients were enrolled in this study. Thirteen patients were excluded from the analysis: three patients were lost to follow-up, and 10 patients did not undergo IMF. Finally, 44 patients were analyzed, of which 31 belonged to the arch bar group, and 13 belonged to the screw group. Patient discomfort and pain during IMF application and removal were analyzed using a patient self-assessment questionnaire. The surgeon also assessed oral hygiene, IMF stability, and occlusion. Results: We applied IMF to 34 men (77%) and 10 women (23%). The mean age of the patients was 37.3 years. The most common fracture site was the angle (30%), followed by the parasymphysis (25%), the body (23%), the condyle (11%), and the ramus (11%). Patient discomfort and oral hygiene were statistically favorable in the screw group. The IMF application time was statistically shorter in the screw group (p< 0.001). IMF stability was not statistically different between the two groups. The pain score during IMF removal was lower in the screw group (p< 0.001). Conclusion: Compared to arch bars, IMF screws provide more comfort during the IMF period, help maintain favorable oral hygiene, and have a shorter application time. From the patient's perspective, IMF screws are an excellent alternative to conventional arch bars when applicable.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this article is to analyze the incidence, demographic distribution, type, and etiology of mandible fractures that were treated by the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital from January 2002 to December 2012. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and analytic retrospective study that evaluated 735 patients that were treated for mandible fracture. Results: This study included 1,172 fractures in 735 patients. The ratio of male to female patients was 5.45 : 1; the maximum value was in patients between 20 and 29 years (38.1%) and the minimum in patients over 70 years old. The monthly distribution of facial fractures peaked in the fall and was lower during winter. No specific correlation was identified based on the annual fracture distribution. Among the 735 fracture patients, 1.59 fracture lines were observed per patient. The most frequent site was the symphysis, which accounted for a total of 431 fractures, followed by the angle (348), condyle (279), and body (95). The symphysis with angle was the most common site identified in combination with fracture and accounted for 22.4%, followed by symphysis with condyle (19.8%). The angle was the most frequent site of single fractures (20.8%). The major cause of injury was accidental trauma (43.4%), which was followed by other causes such as violence (33.9%), sports-related accidents (10.5%), and traffic accidents (10.1%). Fracture incidents correlated with alcohol consumption were reported between 10.0%-26.9% annually. Conclusion: Although mandible fracture pattern is similar to the previous researches, there is some changes in the etiologic factors.