• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.10-21
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate the analgesic effect of eugenol, capsaicin and demethoxy-NE. Young adult cats, weighing 2.0 to 3.0kg, were used. Each animal was anesthetized (${\alpha}$-chloralose 60mg per kg body weight) and divided into four groups; control, eugenol, capsaicin and demethoxy-NE group. The anterior digastric muscles were exposed and a pair of electrodes was inserted to record the electromyograms. To expose the pulp, each canine teeth was prepared with a low speed bur under cooling and used for recording anterior digastric muscular EMGs evoked by noxious stimulation of dental pulp. To observe effects on jaw opening reflex, inferior alveolar nerve of both sides were exposed for drug application and wire electrodes were inserted in anterior digstric muscle for recording the EMGs. To observe effects on action potential, saphenous nerves of both sides were exposed and three tissue pools were made from surrounding tissue. The most distal pool was used for applying stimulation, the most proximal one for recording of action potential, and the other one for drug application. One side of inferior alveolar nerve and saphenous nerve were used for eugenol, capsaicin, or demethoxy-NE application, the other side of nerve for control experiments(only vehicle application). Anterior digastric muscular EMGs evoked by noxious stimulation of dental pulp were recorded before drug application, immediate after drug application, at 60 and 120 minutes, and 5 days after drug application. Action potentials were recorded before drug application, immediate after 30 minutes drug application, at 30, 60 and 120 minutes after drug had been washed out. The results were as follows; 1. Eugenol had a continuous blocking effect on the anterior digastric muscular EMGs evoked by noxious pulp stimulation and after 5 days, showed completely blocking effect. 2. After 5 days, demethoxy-NE applied to dental pulp had a considerable blocking effect on the jaw opening retlex evoked by noxious stimulation but capsaicin had no significant effect. 3. After 5 days, eugenol group showed the strongest blocking effect among the all experimental groups on the jaw opening reflex evoked by noxious stimulation of dental pulp and capsaicin group showed the weakest blocking effect. 4. Eugenol had a completely blocking effect on the action potential conductivity of peripheral nerve. Capsaicin and demethoxy-NE had the blocking effect on the action potential conductivity of ${\alpha}$-and C-nerve fibers. 5. Capsaicin, demethoxy-NE and eugenol applied to inferior alveolar nerve surppressed the jaw opening reflex evoked by noxious stimulation of dental pulp.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2020

In this paper, we describe a rope tension automatic equalizer that automatically adjusts several rope tensions connecting the elevator car and the counterweight. The automatic rope tension equalizer is composed of a body, ram, and rope shaft. The body includes a cylinder hole, in which a ram is assembled. A rope shaft is assembled in a hole in the ram. Moreover, the rope is fixed to the rope shaft, with a hole through which fluid can pass between each cylinder hole and the hole of the body. The central concept is that the force of each rope is evenly distributed by the hydraulic pressure between the ram and the body cylinder when the rope is pulled. The thickness of the jaw connecting the small and large diameters of the body of the rope tension automatic equalizer was 15 mm based on structural analysis. The results of the representative experiment to install the produced rope tension equalizer on the elevator revealed it was possible to reduce the rope tension deviation by more than 71 kg.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.85-95
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• 1993

1990년 성숙한 연어의 성별 형태학적 특징을 조사하였다. 성숙한 수컷은 연장되고 휘어진 턱을 가지고 있으며 턱 위에 강한 이빨을 가지고 있다. 두장에 대한 주둥이의 길이와 위턱은 수컷이 암컷보다 크고 반면 두장에 대한 안경과 뺨은 수컷이 암컷보다 작았다. 표준체장(PBL)에 대한 체고, 미병고, 등지느러미, 기름지느러미 길이는 모두 수컷이 컸다. 각 지느러미 줄기수, 새파수와 유문수의 수는 암수 차이가 없었으나 측선비늘수와 미추골수는 암컷이 수컷보다 많았다. 두개골 중 인설골과 서골의 형태는 암수 차이가 인정되지 않았지만 상사골의 길이에 대한 폭의 비값은 수컷이 암컷보다 크고 부설골의 앞 뒤돌기 비값은 암컷이 수컷보다 컸다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.249-253
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• 2009

Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH), previously known as histiocytosis X, is rare, proliferative disorder in which the accumulation of pathologic Langerhans cell leads to tissue infiltration and destruction. The jaw is involved 10~20% of all LCH and most common oral symptoms are jaw swelling or a palpation mass. Most of subjects are males and disease appears to start before the age of 10 years. An 11 years old girl was referred from pediatric department. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis LCH. She was treated intra-lesional injection of corticosteroid. The overall outcome was excellent. After a follow-up period of 20 month, the patient present with no evidence of residual disease on Panoramic view and whole body bone scan. We report this early recognized LCH case treated by corticoid injection in good progress with literature review.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제42권
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• pp.7.1-7.8
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• 2020

Maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) is effective for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In previous studies, the airway was increased in the anteroposterior and transverse dimensions after MMA. However, the effect of the opposite of mandibular movement (mandibular setback) on the airway is still controversial. Mandibular setback surgery has been suggested to be one of the risk factors in the development of sleep apnea. Previous studies have found that mandibular setback surgery could reduce the total airway volume and posterior airway space significantly in both the one-jaw and two-jaw surgery groups. However, a direct cause-and-effect relationship between the mandibular setback and development of sleep apnea has not been clearly established. Moreover, there are only a few reported cases of postoperative OSA development after mandibular setback surgery. These findings may be attributed to a fundamental difference in demographic variables such as age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) between patients with mandibular prognathism and patients with OSA. Another possibility is that the site of obstruction or pattern of obstruction may be different between the awake and sleep status in patients with OSA and mandibular prognathism. In a case-controlled study, information including the BMI and other presurgical conditions potentially related to OSA should be considered when evaluating the airway. In conclusion, the preoperative evaluation and management of co-morbid conditions would be essential for the prevention of OSA after mandibular setback surgery despite its low incidence.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2011

The present study investigates supralaryngeal articulatory characteristics of denti-alveolar (coronal) stops /t, $t^h$, $t^*$/ and /n/ in /aCa/ context in Seoul Korean. An Electromagnetic Articulograph (EMA, Carstens) was used to explore kinematics of the consonants by examining the kinematic data of the tongue tip (the primary articulator for the coronal consonants), along with some additional supplementary position data of the tongue body, the tongue dorsum and the jaw. The results showed that the constriction duration was the most robust articulatory correlates of the three-way stop contrast with a pattern of /t/$t^h$/$t^*$/. The contrast was further reinforced by the tongue body position (higher for /$t^h$, $t^*$/) and the tongue tip opening displacement (less displaced for /$t^h$, $t^*$/). The articulation of /n/ was quite similar to that of the lenis /t/ in terms of the constriction duration, and it was different from the oral stops in that it was produced with larger tongue tip displacement and lower jaw position than the oral stops, indicating its weak articulatory nature. The results are also discussed in comparison with those of bilabial stops with implications that the three-way contrast may be kinematically expressed differently depending on the physiological constraints imposed on the primary articulator (the tongue tip versus the lips). The present study, therefore, provides new articulatory (kinematic) data of denti-alveolar consonants in Korean, and demonstrates that the three-way stops, that have been known to differ primarily in their laryngeal settings, are indeed produced with kinematic distinctions at the supralaryngeal level.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제41권3호통권406호
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• pp.190-196
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• 2003

Osteoblastoma is an uncommon lesion of bone that occurred in jaw bone. The etiology of the Osteoblastoma is still undiscovered. The most frequent symptom is consistent pain which is often severe, and localized swelling and bone expansion mat occur. We experienced a case of osteo-blastoma which occurred on the lingual surface of mandibular body. It resembled tours mandibularis clinically, alveolar abscess radiologically. Biopsy was done to evaluable the tours-like bony mass. The results of excisional biopsy demonstrated an osteoblastoma. The symptoms are subsided and no signs related with recurrence have been noted. Our experience and many literatures demonstrated that Osteoblastoma must be included in differential diagnosis of bone-producing lesion.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.138-141
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• 2003

First case, a one-year-old female Shih Tzu weighing 3 kg with closed transverse fractures of bilateral mandibular body between 2nd and 3rd premolar teeth were treated surgically with bone plates and screws, and cranial luxation of temporomandibular joints were reduced to closed method. Second case, a 8.4 years old male Yorkshire terrier weighing 2.6 kg with closed transverse/oblique fractures of bilateral mandibular body between premolar and molar teeth were treated surgically with bone plates and screws. Radiographic examination revealed that the fractures in two cases fixed well and temporomandibular joint was stabilized. One month after operation, jaw activity was excellent and malocclusion wasn't observed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2017

Objectives: Bisphosphonate is the primary cause of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). Bisphosphonates are eliminated from the human body by the kidneys. It is anticipated that bisphosphonate levels in the body will increase if the kidney is in a weak state or if there is systemic disease that affects kidney function. The aim of this study was to analyze the relevance of renal function in the severity of BRONJ. Materials and Methods: Ninety-three patients diagnosed with BRONJ in Pusan National University Dental Hospital from January 2012 to December 2014 were included in this study. All patients underwent a clinical exam, radiographs, and serologic lab test, including urine analysis. The patient's medical history was also taken, including the type of bisphosphonate drug, the duration of administration and drug holiday, route of administration, and other systemic diseases. In accordance with the guidelines of the 2009 position paper of American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, the BRONJ stage was divided into 4 groups, from stage 0 to 3, according to the severity of disease. IBM SPSS Statistics version 21.0 (IBM Co., USA) was used to perform regression analysis with a 0.05% significance level. Results: BRONJ stage and renal factor (estimated glomerular filtration rate) showed a moderate statistically significant correlation. In the group with higher BRONJ stage, the creatinine level was higher, but the increase was not statistically significant. Other factors showed no significant correlation with BRONJ stage. There was a high statistically significant correlation between BRONJ stage and 'responder group' and 'non-responder group,' but there was no significant difference with the 'worsened group.' In addition, the age of the patients was a relative factor with BRONJ stage. Conclusion: With older age and lower renal function, BRONJ is more severe, and there may be a decrease in patient response to treatment.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.237-247
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• 2001

강원도 삼척시 호산리 호산천에서 채집된 꾹저구, 검정꾹저구, 무늬꾹저구 3종의 연령과 성장에 관하여 조사하였다. 체장 빈도 분포 조사에 의한 성별 성장조사에서 꾹저구의 당년생 수컷이 암컷보다 컸던 경우를 제외하고는 차이가 없었으나, 종간(種間)비교에서는 차이를 나타내었다. 즉, 꾹저구는 체장 45 mm 미만 집단이 당년생, 45~60 mm 집단이 1년생, 체장 60~80 mm 집단은 2년생, 80 mm 이상 집단은 3년생으로 추정되며 최대 체장은 105.0 mm였다. 검정꾹저구는 체장 55 mm 미만 집단이 당년생, 55~65 mm 집단은 1년생, 65~85 mm 집단은 2년생, 85 mm 이상 집단은 3년생으로 추정되며 최대 체장은 105.3 mm였다. 무늬꾹저구는 체장 40 mm 미만 집단이 당년생, 40~55 mm 집단은 1년생, 체장 55~75 mm 집단은 2년생, 체장 75 mm 이상은 3년생으로 추정되며 최대 체장은 85 mm를 넘지 않았다. 본 조사에서 만 4년생 이상되는 개체는 채집되지 않았고 암수간에 성장은 비슷하였다. 3종(種) 중 검정꾹저구가 모든 연령에서 다른 2종보다 성장이 약 5~10 mm 더 빨랐던 반면, 무늬꾹저구는 가장 느린 성장을 나타내었다 (p<0.0001). 체장의 성장에 따른 몸 부위의 형태적 변화를 공분산분석으로 비교검토해 본 결과, 종간(種間) 차이가 인정된 형질은 체고, 두장, 미병고, 상악장, 배지느러미의 길이였다. 즉, 꾹저구는 두장과 배지느러 길이에서 연령이 증가할수록 가장 빠른 성장을 나타내었고 검정꾹저구는 체고, 미병고, 상악장의 형질에서 가장 빠른 성장을 한 반면, 무늬꾹저구는 5개의 형질 모두 가장 느린 성장을 하였다.