• Acta Via Serica
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.181-196
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• 2018

In Turkey, academic studies on Korea are mostly focused on the Korean war and Korean language and literature. Conversely, in Korea, it seems that academic studies are largely focused on old Turkic history and Turkish language and literature. Unfortunately, on both sides, there is not a satisfiying number of studies on the Turkic diaspora in Korea. However, it is a reality that there was a Turco-Tatar group that lived in Korea at the time of the Japanese occupation between the two world wars. This group became Turkish subjects after World War II and became a bridge between Korea and Turkey. After the Russian revolution, around 1919, some Turco-Tatar groups like the Bashkir and the Misher emigrated to East Asia like the Manchuria region of China and Korea. Beginning from the 1920s, some families moved to Japan, but a group of Turco-Tatar stayed in Korean cities like Seoul (Keijo), Pusan and Daegu. The Turco-Tatar groups of East Asia established schools and mosques in Seoul, Korea; Harbin, Manchuria; Kobe, Nagoya; and Tokyo in Japan. A Moslem printing house (Matbaa-i ${\dot{I}}slamiye$) was also established in Tokyo in the 1930s. Many books, a newspaper and a magazine were published by this printing house. The name of the magazine was Yanga Yapon Muhbiri(New Japanese Courier), and it survived between 1931 and 1938. In this magazine, there were many interesting news and data about Korea and the Turco-Tatars of Korea. In this short article, we will try to bring out the importance of this magazine by giving samples of the articles which were written on the Turco-Tatar diaspora in Korea.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.163-202
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• 2020

This paper examines how Japanese society produced and reproduced a distinctively gendered history and memories of the experience of WWII and colonialism in the postwar era. We argue that these gendered narratives, which were embedded in postwar debates about the Peace Constitution and comfort women, have engendered contradictions and made the historical conflicts with neighboring countries challenging to resolve. On the one hand, this deepens conflict, but on the other, it also generates stability in East Asia. After Japan's defeat in WWII, the American Occupation government created the Peace Constitution, which permanently "renounces war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes." The removal of the state's monopoly on violence - the symbol of masculinity - resulted in Japan's feminization. This feminization led to collective forgetting of prewar imperialism and militarism in postwar Japan. While collectively forgetting the wartime history of comfort women within these feminized narratives, the conservative movement to revise the Peace Constitution attempted to recover Japan's masculinity for a new, autonomous role in international politics, as uncertainty in East Asia increased. Ironically, however, this effort strengthened Japan's femininity because it involved forgetting Japan's masculine role in the past. This forgetting has undermined efforts to achieve masculine independence, thus reinforcing dependence on the United States. Recurrent debates about the Peace Constitution and comfort women have influenced how Japanese political elites and intellectual society have constructed distinctive social institutions, imagined foreign relations, and framed contemporary problems, as indicated in their gendered restructuring of history.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2020

전라남도의 선암사는 통일신라말에 창건된 이래 오늘날까지 호남의 대표적인 사찰로서 그 법통을 이어가고 있으나, 거듭되는 변화와 발전과정 속에서 전통사찰이 가지고 있어야 하는 경관적 정체성이 상당부분 훼손되었으며, 특히 일본양식이 도입되어 있어 경관의 원형상에 대한 회복이 시급한 상황이다. 실제로 선암사의 경우에는 한국전통사찰에서 나타나는 전통성있는 식재경관과는 상이하며, 정원요소들도 일본식에 가깝다고 할 수 있다. 이렇게 선암사의 원형경관이 변형된 원인 중 가장 중요한 것은 일제강점기에 일본인들에 의해 이루어진 변화와 1976년도에 있었던 조경사업으로 인한 변화라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 경관적 변화를 파악하고, 일본식 정원요소와 작정기법이 어떻게 나타나고 있는지를 파악함으로써, 선암사의 경관적 정체성을 파악하는 것이 연구의 주 목적이다. 연구의 방법으로는 문헌조사, 현장조사, 스님과의 인터뷰를 통해 진행하였으며 그 결과, 선암사는 일본의 조경양식으로부터 상당한 영향을 받은 것이 파악되었으며, 이러한 요소를 감추려다 오히려 더 일본식 경관이 연출되었다는 것도 알 수 있었다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2015

지질학자 다테이와 이와오의 한반도에서의 공적은 다음과 같이 평가할 수 있다. 첫째, 한반도 층서 정립에 기여하였고, 1:5만 지질 도폭 21매를 완성하였다. 둘째, 지질 조사 결과를 보문, 요보 및 논문으로 발표하였다. 셋째, 제3대 조선 지질조사소 소장으로서 일본 패망에 따른 인수인계를 충실히 수행하였다. 넷째, 일본 복귀 이후에 그간 수집한 한반도 시료 등을 기초로 "조선-일본열도지대 지질구조논고 - 조선 지질조사연구사"를 저술하였다. 그러나 다테이와는 일본이 지속적으로 강점기를 이어갈 것으로 여기고, 한반도 지질 조사 탐사 전문 인력 양성에 소홀했다고 평가할 수 있다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic information about the formation background of urban squatter and their housing state in Korea. This study was progressed on the basis of socio-historical point of view from the opening of a port to the after the Korean War. In that sense, this study considered meaning of housing for urban squatter in the Korean housing history. For this study, the formation background of the urban squatter was divided into three periods. The first period was after the opening of a port (1876-1910) when the inflow of Japanese and their plundering from Korea started. The second was Japanese occupation period (1910-1945) which contributed to increase the number of Tomak (mud hut) and made the Tomak-min's village. The third period was Korean war & postwar years (1945-1953). This period was divided into three parts again; after the Korean independence (1945-1950), during the Korean War (1950-1953), and after the Korean War (1953-). The urban squatter was settled in the national land and the public land in each period and experienced the severe housing shortage. The government of the time could not protect the urban squatter from the special national states such as the Japanese rule and the Korean War.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.423-431
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• 2017

본 연구는 일제강점기 조선철도 관료의 이력과 경력을 중심으로 철도국 주요관료의 학력과 경력 및 퇴직 후 활동을 분석하였다. 주요 특징으로는 첫째, 조선철도 관료들은 철도에 관한 전문성이 높고 폐쇄적 조직에서 장기간 근무하였으며 관료 대부분이 일본인이었다. 둘째, 조선철도를 일본 본토와 달리 자신들의 생각대로 운영하고자 하는 의지가 비교적 강했다. 조선철도국의 철도운영의 만철(남만주철도주식회사) 위탁 반대, "조선철도 12년 계획"수립, 자체적인 종업원 양성제도가 활성화된 것도 이와 같은 맥락에서 설명이 가능하다. 셋째, 철도관료의 학력은 도쿄제국대학 출신이 약 60%를 차지하고 있는데 이는 조선총독부 타 조직과 거의 비슷한 분포이다. 넷째, 전문가의 비율이 타부서보다 높고 철도의 특성상 전문직 임용이 높았는데, 특히 초기 철도 건설시기가 이러한 현상이 두드러졌다. 다섯째, 철도관료의 출신분포를 보면 초기에는 일본 철도 작업국 출신이 많았지만 이후 만철, 조선철도국 출신이 점차 많아졌다. 이는 조선철도에 대한 관료의식을 변화시키는 계기로 작용했다. 여섯째, 기술 관료의 임용은 1910년 이전 충원이 많았으며 일본 철도 작업국출신, 경부철도주식회사를 통한 임용이 대부분으로 임용제도의 특성상 학력이나 인맥 등이 작용 가능성이 컸다.

• 한일민족문제연구
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• 제34호
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• pp.5-40
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• 2018

This paper is to take note of national, social and economic movement, social & economic publicness of religion surrounding Yeonggwang, Joennam around 1910s. At first I would like to look at this period because regional society was in the middle of change of large transition before and after Japan's forced occupation of Korea in 1910s and March 1st Independence Movement in 1919. In particular we focus on spatially Yeonggwang in Joennam because this area is not only called as advent area of Buddhism earlier but also is unique regional culture and ideological topology where Donghak, Protestantism, Catholic, Institute of Won Buddhism and etc. Through casting light upon the above, it is expected to offer one clue for the question of internalizing value to be sought for in the national and social and economic movement by Korean religion around 1910 and public goods in the strategy and tactics to be selected and further publicness and practice lying in their awareness and behavior. In particular it is thought to have advanced the accumulation of case study of Yeonggwang in Joennam with representative 'place-ness' related to this. Along with this it is considered that our challenge is to restore and casting light again on common foundation of existence shape and publicness of various religions in the middle of national and social movement and economic movement in Yeonggwang of Joennam area. In other words, we expect that religions will continue individual efforts and common practices to urge social justice for historic and public value based on common good encompassing historic value, in other words, individual responsibility and social justice among social and economic conditions originated from Japanese colonial era.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.117-149
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• 2013

The purpose of this essay is threefold. First, to highlight research of Seonmin KIM, whose 2006 Ph.D. dissertation elucidates complex relationships among Ming China, Choson Korea, Tokugawa Japan, and mountainous ginseng-producing "borderlands" between Korea and China; her story concludes with the remarkable rise of a borderlands power that overthrew Ming China, there-by establishing dominance that lasted into the $20^{th}$ century - the Qing Dynasty. A second purpose is to showcase application of a non-standard-model - the Hydraulic Metaphor - that elucidates economic components of Professor KIM's history via visual and intuitive mechanisms designed to be understandable for non-specialists. Last, an outline of East Asian history is placed within context of centuries of monetary evolution that eventually yielded the late-$16^{th}$-century birth of globalization.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제4호
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• pp.7-32
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• 2006

This study is about the cultural policy related to fine art under the U. S. Military Government in Korea(USAMGIK), from September 8, 1945, to August 15, 1948. Drawing on the previous studies of Korean art history in the 'Liberation Period', this study especially concentrates on intention, attitude and activities of the USAMGIK. Particularly the historical documents, stored at the National Archives at the College Park, Maryland, U.S.A., were valuable to do research on the cultural policy of USAMGIK. The cultural policy was subordinated to the political objectives of occupation that can be summarized to building a stronghold of anti-communism in South Korea. Under the U.S. Military government control, cultural matters were assigned to the Cultural Section, the Bureau of Education, which later turns into the Bureau of Culture, the Department of Education. The Bureau of Culture dealt with matters of the ancient Korean art treasures and of the Korean contemporary art. USAMGIK reopened the Korean National Museum which had been closed by the Japanese since the World War II period. After that, U.S. Department of State sent arts & monuments specialists to South Korea for investigating ancient Korean art and culture. Although some of the destructed art treasures were restored during the occupation, th ere were many negative cases including intentional destruction of historic sites or loot of art treasures by U.S. army. In contrast to their interest in the Korean antiquities, USAMGIK payed little attention to promoting the Korean contemporary artists and their arts. USAMGIK distrusted and suppressed the artists of leftism, while they kept good relations with the pro-American artists and the right-wing artists. In conclusion, the visual-cultural policy of USAMGK was mainly planned and carried out in order to preserve the national interest of the United States. This period produced long-term effects on the fine art and visual culture of South Korea, in terms of institution, policy, and reorganization of art community based on anti-cummunism.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제90권3호
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• pp.398-412
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• 2001

본 연구는 삼림법(森林法)(1908)에 규정된 지적신고제도(地籍申告制度)가 일제(日帝)의 식민지(植民地) 임지정책(林地政策)에서 어떠한 역할을 수행하였는가를 밝혀보고자 하는데 목적을 두였다. 지적신고제도(地籍申告制度)는 국유림처분정책의 하나인 부분림제도(部分林制度)의 부속물로써 시작되었다. 인간의 기본권에 해당하는 소유권을 정립시키고자 하는 지적신고제도가 한국민의 관습을 무시하고 소유권구분기준도 마련되지 않은 채 우리하게 강행되었다. 한국민은 지적신고에 대해 임야세(林野稅)를 부과하기 위한 전조(前兆)로써 인식하거나 일본인이 한국의 토지를 수탈한다고 보았다. 이 제도에 따라 신고를 했던 계층은 중산층 이상의 지식층에 속하는 자, 나면관경(那面官更)(경원(更員)) 또는 이들의 친척(親戚), 연고자(緣故者)와 측량(測量)을 담당하는 대행업자(代行業者)들로 매우 한정되었다. 특히 임지가치에 비해 측량경비가 훨씬 많이 소요되었기 때문에 원소유자조차 신고할 수 없었다. 3년간의 신고기간동안 약 52만건 220만정보가 신고 되었으며 마지막 5개월 동안 신고가 집중되었다. 그러나 총독부는 신고기간을 연장하라는 한국민의 요구를 묵살한 채 소유권 사정이나 경계 확정과 같은 후속 조치도 없이 일방적으로 종료하였다. 결국 삼림법 제19조에 따라 신고되지 않은 약 1,400만정보의 임지는 국유화되었다. 총독부의 식민지 임지정책은 (1) 총독부 초기에 대규모 국유림을 창출하고, (2) 창출된 국유림을 요존국유림과 불요존국유림으로 구분하여, (3) 불요존국유림을 일본인 중심으로 처분한다는 것이었다. 일본인에게 불요존국유림(不要存國有林)을 안정적으로 처분하기 위해서는 대량 창출된 국유림에 대한 소유권 변화를 막아야 했다. 이를 위해 일본인에게 양여(讓與)하거나 조림대부(造林貸付)해 준 산림에 대해 원소유자가 소유권을 주장할 경우 총독부는 정해진 기한내에 신고하지 않은 원소유자의 태만을 들어 붙요존림 처분을 정당화하였다. 결론적으로 총독부는 "신고주의원칙"을 통치 초기 대규모 국유림의 창출과 일본인을 중심으로 한 불요존림 처분이라는 식민지 임지정책을 강행하기 위한 족쇄로써 이용하였다.