• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.61-91
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• 2018

Credit Guarantee scheme is one of the most effective tools for the small business policy. The performance analysis on domestic institution level is relevant in terms of various factors of assisting tools factor. This study measured comparative global efficiency by DEA model and Super-efficiency model among 70 credit guarantee institutions in Japan, Taiwan, and Korea who are operating the schemes. At the result of the analysis, Korean credit guarantee institutions are comparatively efficient than Japanese institutions, and the DMU shows moderate in operation efficiency. The Super-efficiency ranked by Hiroshima, Taiwan SMEG, Pusan, Chiba, Shizuoka, Ulsan, and KOTEC. Most of the Credit Guarantee Institutions showed increasing returns to scale, and it indicates increasing input strategy. The statistical difference of efficiency level in Japan and Korea shows very meaning numbers. This research suggest that (1)Periodical Analysis are needed on Japanese Schemes, (2)The analysis on the impact of credit guarantee scale to the national economy and SME policy, (3) Analysis on the conclusive factors of the efficiency, (4)The policy direction has to be made by inefficient factor analysis, (5) The measurement tools of efficiency of the schemes in various aspects.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.499-508
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• 2022

A lot of research has been carried out on the Hangeul generation model using deep learning, and recently, research is being carried out how to minimize the number of characters input to generate one set of Hangul (Few-Shot Learning). In this paper, we propose a CKFont2 model using only 14 letters by analyzing and improving the CKFont (hereafter CKFont1) model using 28 letters. The CKFont2 model improves the performance of the CKFont1 model as a model that generates all Hangul using only 14 characters including 24 components (14 consonants and 10 vowels), where the CKFont1 model generates all Hangul by extracting 51 Hangul components from 28 characters. It uses the minimum number of characters for currently known models. From the basic consonants/vowels of Hangul, 27 components such as 5 double consonants, 11/11 compound consonants/vowels respectively are learned by deep learning and generated, and the generated 27 components are combined with 24 basic consonants/vowels. All Hangul characters are automatically generated from the combined 51 components. The superiority of the performance was verified by comparative analysis with results of the zi2zi, CKFont1, and MX-Font model. It is an efficient and effective model that has a simple structure and saves time and resources, and can be extended to Chinese, Thai, and Japanese.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.1186-1195
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• 1993

The Japanese type combine harvester has adopted rubber crawlers for the driving mechanism from first production . However, combine harvesters with movable track rollers in the rubber crawler system have been adopted recently for the purpose of stability at the time of climbing over the footpaths between rice fields, as the results of the machines becoming large. However, the dynamic characteristics of movable track rollers have not been clarified. For this reason, the design of movable track rollers depends on trial and errors. It is known that vibration characteristics of the vehicle with movable track rollers are different from the vibration characteristics of the vehicles with fixed track rollers even though the track roller arrangements are the same. Therefore, the theoretical analyses of movable track rollers must be hurried in order to formulate a reasonable track roller arrangement design. the authors have studied the vibration characteristics of the rubber crawler ve icle with fixed track rollers. in this study, the dynamic model of the vehicle with movable track roller sis compared with the dynamic model of the vehicle with fixed track rollers. Next, motions are simulated to analyze the movable track rollers by expanding the motion equation which were constructed for the dynamic model of the fixed track rollers.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.39-54
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• 2011

The Bunhuangsa stone pagoda, constructed in AD. 634, National Treasure no. 30, has been named as 'brick-copied pagoda' since the Japanese-ruling period by scholars. It is said that the Chinese brick pagoda was its precedent model, however the Bunhuangsa Pagoda is the oldest of all the Chinese-style brick pagodas except one, the Sungaksa Pagoda. The Chinese pagoda cannot have been a precedent model to copy due to its complex detail of wood vestige, as the Bunhuangsa pagoda is simple form without ornament. Domestic brick pagodas cannot have been a precedent model to copy as well, because all the domestic brick pagodas are younger than the Bunhuangsa Pagoda. Therefore, the terminology 'brick-copied pagoda' is a fallacy; it is rather that later brick pagoda copied the precedent the Bunhuangsa stone pagoda. The Bunhuangsa Pagoda is simply a piled-up pagoda of thick or thin, big or small slates of stone, facing only one smooth side and therefore needing nothing to relate to brick. The originality of the pagoda is more related to simple piled-up Indian stone stupa rather than Chinese brick pagoda. The roof form of its gradually stepped projection comes from the harmika of the summit of Indian stupa. Contrary to general history, old Silla Dynasty imported Buddhism directly from India by sea. From written national history and by temple foundation history, the Indian Buddhism evangelist possibly made influence to the erecting of temple and pagoda. The original wrong terminology has made a harmful effect gradually to the naming of mass-styled stone pagoda of only carved stepped-roof form after brick-copied pagoda. The false term 'brick-copied pagoda' should be discarded, which comes with superficial observation based on toadyism to China and colonialism to Japan. Instead of the fallacious term, this paper suggests multi-storied 'piled-up pagoda with slate stone.'

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.107-116
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• 2018

Information is very important for modern consumers, and the factors that have a great influence on product purchasing. Accordingly, elucidating factors affecting the retrieval process of information is an important. This study identifies factors that affect tourism information retrieval activities. First, it was carried out the meta analysis of tourism information, repurchase intention, attitude toward technology, and information utilization. Through the meta analysis, hypothesis model about each factor of information retrieval and repurchase of tourism products was suggested. The hypothesis model was verified by a survey of Korean and Japanese tourists. As a result, it is confirmed the relationship between the above factors. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of a tourists' information usage model in the future.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.149-168
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of brand personality on the choice of tour site. For this purpose, Japanese, Chinese and Korean tourists visiting Jeju-Ireland were sampled and asked to evaluate the personality dimensions and attributes of six major tour sites in Asia. Factor analysis is applied to 42 personality scales of Aaker and 5 personality dimensions are extracted. Then, Multinomial Logit model is applied to estimate the relative impact of personality dimensions and attributes on the choice of tour sites. Results suggest useful implications. The personality of tour sites has meaningful influence on choice of tour sites, in some cases more important than tour site attributes. Among 5 dimensions of personality, sincerity and excitement are found to be important dimensions in the choice process of tour site. Sophistication of the site, expressed as glamorous, charming, handsomeness, uniqueness, and smooth, is also found to be important in determining intention to visit in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.421-431
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• 2015

This study aims to examine potential labor migration between Korea, China, and Japan by Harris-Todaro model which is enhanced in the presence of expected income differential. The results suggest that Korean labor forces are bi-directionally migrated to China and Japan, simultaneously, and Chinese labor forces have been switched from inflow to outflow. On the other hand, Japanese labor markets are characterized by inflow from Korea, and outflow to China. The nature of labor markets in Northeast Asia have been largely transformed such that inflow of immigrants is gradually intimidated. This is mainly due to the fact that the labor markets are gradually homogenized in this region. To this end, it could be tentatively concluded that the labor markets in Northeast Asia seem to be operated by substitutionary rather than complementary natures.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.197-205
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• 2016

The public services closely related to the daily lives of the Japanese people, such as firefighting, police or primary school education, are largely financed by the local governments. As the population as a whole in Japan declines, the population in local regions are forecasted to experience particularly rapid decline in the future, and it is inevitable to reduce the cost of public services provided by the local governments to keep their financial basis sustainable. In order to provide public services to the people properly and fairly, the local governments own and utilize their public facilities, such as fire stations, police stations or primary schools. On the other hand, we have to secure the accessibility, which is the condition of accessing a facility easily in a whole local city including the high population density area and low population density area. In this paper, we propose a method of determining the number of future facilities and its facility locations in which we maintain the present accessibility. In our proposed method, we determine them comparing the accessibility measurement calculated by facility location model using the present and future population. We adopted k-centdian model as the facility location model, which can secure the accessibility in a whole local city determining the weights of both areas. We applied our proposed method to fire station in Iwaki city, Japan. The results suggested that 7 facilities would be reduced in 2064, after 50 years from 2014. Additionally, we confirmed that the future facility location had secured accessibility in both high and low population density area.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.213-221
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• 2018

As the mobilization of audience' media consumption getting escalating, terrestrial broadcasting, especially public broadcasting is severely affected in Korea. After 9 years' downfall, public broadcasting is trying to aim for citizen platform. Even though the Korean broadcasting law already has the articles of protecting viewer's right and profit, it has some contradictory limits also. Implied by Japanese magazine Taberutsushin, which was originated from CSA model, I suggest the new model of committee for viewers. The new committee for viewers has various planning committees and evaluation committees to ensure citizen's participation on planning, programming, and production. The new committee for viewers would function as minimum system to prompt the public broadcasting to play it's role in rapidly changing digital era.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.61-78
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• 2010

The paper is basically attempted to reveal a possibility of monetary unification and setting an anchor currency in North East Asian economies such as South Korea, China, and Japan. The Cobb-Douglas utility function is tentatively built by a Walrasian economic framework. Korean Won(KRW) is represented for a numeraire in a structural model, and the estimation of a parameter is performed by 2SLS and GARCH-M models. Empirical evidence is found that not only monetary unification itself in this regime seems not to be practicable, but also setting an anchor currency by Chinese Yuan(CNY) or Japanese Yen(JPY) is also inappropriated due to the fact that the estimated parameter is not converged to a unity. Walrasian equilibria are enhanced by the convergence to a unity in the model. It also has to be mentioned that a number of necessary and sufficient conditions should be fulfilled prior to discuss a monetary unification in North East Asian economies. Instead, Asia currency unit(ACU) is more feasible in reality.