• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.61-75
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• 2012

The historical turbulence between China and Japan started from the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, and culminated in Japan's invasion of China during World War Two (the Second Sino-Japanese War) between 1937 and 1945. A series of wars caused huge human and material losses in both countries, and both experienced comprehensive transformations during and after the wars. The impact of this historical turbulence is so long-lasting that it still influences both countries' social psyche. Moreover, it continues casting a long shadow upon the current Sino-Japanese relations. The recent turbulence in Sino-Japanese relations partly stems from the historical turbulence. It is much less violent but can also be emotional and worrisome. It started from the early 1980s (the Japanese history textbook controversy in 1982 and the 1985 anti-Japanese student protests in China), and culminated in the anti-Japanese mass demonstrations in multiple Chinese cities in 2005 (Bush 2010; Gries 2005; Reilly 2012; Stockmann 2010; Weiss 2008). In addition to dramatic demonstrations on streets, there are also other forms of movements, such as war reparations movements, in which Chinese war victims demand reparations from the Japanese state and companies (Rose 2005; Xu and Fine 2010; Xu and Pu 2010). Although the tension has existed for many years and surfaced from time to time, the eruption of the nationwide anti-Japanese movements in China in 2005 still shocked many outside observers. Many scholars have tried to explain the anti-Japanese sentiment within current Chinese society that underlies and drives these social movements. Through careful reexamination of the existing literature, this article proposes an explanation for the anti-Japanese sentiment from a perspective that stresses the shifting state-society interaction in China's Japan policy. Specifically, the totalitarian Chinese state's neglect and suppression of genuine social concerns regarding Japan in earlier years, followed by a relatively liberalized state that tolerates societal participation in Sino-Japanese relations, are an importance source of the anti-Japanese sentiment recently observed in China.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.23-36
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• 2004

The uncovered edition of the book ${\ulcorner}$Chandobangronmackkyulgipsung(纂圖方論脈訣集成)${\lrcorner}$ was found. The first edition of the book ${\ulcorner}$Chandobangronmackkyulgipsung${\lrcorner}$ may publish right after the year 1581. We decided to study the found book thoroughly, because any difference with the existing edition wasn't found when we glanced over it. Therefore, let's study differences of the books which are the same contents but revised at different period, the found one was revised before the war (Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592) and the existing one revised after the war. Two parts was considered for this studying. The first part is for studying differences of the books by bibliography, the second part is for studying differences of them by contents. The changes of the books between before and after the war (Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592) will be found by this studying and also we can guess how the book ${\ulcorner}$Chandobangronmackkyulgipsung${\lrcorner}$ was written. Hence, the published age and characteristics of the book will be verified. This studying is for proving that it was revised before the war ImJinWaeRan which was before the year 1612.

• 복식
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.76-90
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• 2010

Gwa-du(裹肚), name of a garment, appears often from documentary records of Joseon Dynasty. It is assumed as one of the upper garments for men, and according to the record, it was worn as a set with Dan-ryung(團領), Dap-ho(搭胡), Chul-rik(帖裏), Han-sam(汗衫), pants and socks. After the Japanese Invasion of Korea in the 17th century, it changes to a shape of wrapping clothes with straps at four corners, and used to cover the stomach of a corpse like sash. From 16th-17th century, before the Japanese Invasion of Korea, the excavated costume shows a clothing which takes a role of Jegori, longer than Han-sam(汗衫) and shorter than Po(袍). In this study, this clothing is called Gwa-du(裹肚). This study examined the usage and shape of Kwa-du from some documentary records- "朝鮮王朝實錄-The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty", "禮書- Book of Manners", "宮中件記- Googjoonghalkee, recording court goods and commodities lists" and more with actual clothing. Kwa-du is presumed to have changed to men's Jegori So-chang-ui(小氅衣) after 17th century.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2019

The Chosun Dynasty established and implemented measures to prevent Japanese invasion into the southern coast. To this end, the number of naval vessels and the number of ships were increased, and a shipyard(船所) was constructed to protect the safety of the vessels. The shipyard is a port facility where military vessels are anchored and repaired, as well as public facilities that are needed for military training on public and land, as well as facilities for storing supplies and equipment needed for ships on land and defense at the port entrance. Despite being such an important facility for national defense, Shipyard has not been noticed. Studies have shown that the position of shipyard is divided into the riverside type and the riverbank type, which is due to the topographical features of Korea. The repair cycle of naval vessels, the carrying out of Yeonhun(prevent the water from decaying the part of the ship, a raw tree was burned to smoke) and the place of sea training also affected the construction of the Gul River(掘江). The space structure of shipyard is divided into port entry facilities for monitoring and controlling at the entrance to the harbor, border facilities for folding and repairing military vessels, and land facilities for holding land exercises and administrative work of military vessels and military equipment.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2019

Busanjin Fortress was originally made of stone fortress for the Joseon Navy, which was located in Dongnae area in the late Joseon Dynasty. However, the Japanesque Castle of Busanjin in 1592 was built by the Japanese military during the Japanese Invasion of Korea. Since the Japanese military retreated, the Joseon Navy had renovated the fortress and had used it as a base for stationing, and it had been maintained in Busanjin Fortress until the Joseon Navy was disbanded in 1895. After the abolition of the Naval Force System, the space in Busanjin Fortress was dismantled, and the government facilities and their sites were not properly managed and repaired, eventually was sold to Japanese. As Busanjin Fortress failed to function properly, the coastal space in Busanjin became a burial ground after being reclaimed by Japanese with real estate investment in mind. Today, the traces of Busanjin Fortress have been removed by the reclamation work, and only the remains of some stone pillars remain under the name of Jaseongdae(子城臺). Thus, the old custom as the Naval base disappeared, leaving only the image of Japanesque Castle.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.539-553
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• 2011

This study was intended to examine the continuance and transformation of food culture during the enlightenment and Japanese ruling era by analyzing the novel of "Toji". In the novel "Toji", the chaotic political and economic situation is reflected, along with the peoples' hard lives in the latter era of the Choson Dynasty. After the full-fledged invasion of China by the Japanese, the shift to a wartime posture was accompanied by an increased need for food. This led to a rationing and delivery system for rice in the late 1930s. While it was hard for people to obtain even brewer's grains and bean-curd dregs, food distribution officers were well off. Another distinctive feature of the food culture during the enlightenment and Japanese ruling era was that foreign food and recipes were introduced naturally to Korea through the influx of various foreigners. The industry of Choson was held by Japanese monopolistic capital, as a result, Choson had equal to the role as a spending site and was only gradually left destitute. In the Japanese ruling era, there were new type of business including such as patisserie of the types of civilization in the town, and those tempted Korean people. However, the Japanese and pro-Japan collaborators dominated commercial business. Being urbanization through the modernization, it was became patronized fast food in the populous downtown, and the change of industry structure and life style greatly influenced into our food culture. Acceptance the convenient Japanese style fast food such as Udong, pickled radish made was actively accepted with a longing for the advancement civilization. After the enlightenment, many Japanese exchange students went to Tokyo to get advanced civilization and provided urban mood according to their consumption of bread, coffee, Western food, which were considered a part of the elite culture.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.409-416
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• 2018

A 55-year-old man visited our hospital for a detailed examination of a gastric submucosal tumor that was first detected 10 years prior. The tumor continued to grow and had developed a depressed area in its center. A histopathological examination of biopsy specimens revealed gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type (GA-FG). It was diagnosed as T2 based on the invasion depth as determined by white-light endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography. A total gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed and a GA-FG in the mucosa and submucosa was confirmed histopathologically. However, there was a gradual transition to an infiltrative tubular adenocarcinoma with poorly differentiated components in the muscular and subserosal layers. Metastasis was identified in a dissected lymph node (LN). This is the first report of a GA-FG progressing to an aggressive cancer with LN metastasis. These findings modify our understanding of the pathophysiology of GA-FG.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6447-6453
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• 2012

Background: The mucin components of the gastric gel layer function as a protective and lubricating factor against luminal acid and proteolytic enzymes. Alteration of mucin expression in gastric preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions has suggested potential roles in neoplastic processes. This study aimed to assess the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of MUC-2, MUC-4 and MUC-5AC in Japanese gastric cancer. Methods: Expression of MUC-2, -4 and -5AC was evaluated on tissue microarrays of gastric carcinomas and adjacent non-cancerous mucosa specimens by immunohistochemistry and compared with clinicopathological parameters and survival time of the patients. Results: The three mucins were found to be expressed to a lesser extent in gastric carcinomas in comparison with non-cancerous mucosa (p<0.05). MUC-2 expression was negatively correlated with tumor size, depth of invasion, and TNM staging of gastric cancer (p<0.05), while that of MUC-5AC was negatively associated with the depth of invasion, venous invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM staging (p<0.05), but positively with MUC-4 and MUC-2 expression (p<0.05). There was higher MUC-2 expression in intestinal- than diffuse-type carcinomas (p<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated no relationship between expression of the three mucins and the cumulative survival rate of patients, even stratified according to the depth of invasion (p>0.05). Conclusion: Down-regulated expression of MUC-2, -4 and -5AC may be involved in pathogenesis, invasion, metastasis or differentiation of gastric carcinoma. Their altered expression might therefore be employed as an indicator of pathobiological behavior.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1-23
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• 1984

In fisheries financing before the liberation of Korea, the accommodation of funds through modern monetary facilities was hardly benefited to most of small-scale Korean fishermen except Japanese fishermen living in Korea and some large-scale Korean fishermen. In fact, since Korean economy was only in the beginning stage of capitalism free from natural economy in the end of Yi Dynasty, it was natural that the supply of funds should be lacked. But after the opening of ports in Korea, the external shapes in Korean society were slowly changed according as heteronomous modernization was pushed forward by means of western capitalism and the intentional invasion of Japanese was gradually weighed. Thus all kinds of fishing equipments and technique were developed by dint of modernization, and modern monetary facilities also came into being. But most of Korean fishermen were hardly benefited by modern monetary facilities. Fishermen who were faced with destitution of funds were forced to rely upon high interest loans in order to make a living or maintain fisheries, and they were severely exploited by usurers. The situation was the same in the period of Japanese imperialism. Japanese felt the necessity of advancement of Korean fisheries and established fisheries institution suitable for all kinds of colonial fisheries policy toward Korea so that they could build up the foundation according to the development of capitalism and carry out the Russo-Japanese War and the Sino-Japanese War. There were a series of bottlenecks in financing on account of the deficiency of fisheries institution in the beginning of Japanese imperialism, but the financial pressure was lightened because the arrangement of institution greatly contributed to the smoothness of fisheries financing in the latter part of it. Despite such improvement of financing, the benefit of funds could not equally reach to all the fishermen. It only reached to Japanese fishermen living in Korea and some large scale Korean fishermen. Thus most of korean fishermen could not free themselves from destitution of financing and the pressure of high interest loans. This phenomenon took place because Korean fisheries had the antinomic characteristics that financial restriction was excessive owing to the industrial speciality of fisheries, on the other hand there was a large financial demand in fisheries in the character of industry.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.49-65
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• 2023

Purpose - In the Korean and Chinese social landscape, it is vital to appreciate the significance of the Japanese history problem. The current study investigated whether the perception of the Japanese history problem affects decisions regarding technology adoption in organizations by comparing South Korea and China. Design/methodology/approach - The study involved 305 Korean and 379 Chinese participants who responded to scenarios and surveys regarding the adoption of workplace surveillance cameras supplied by a Japanese company. Findings - Using a moderated mediation model based on protection motivation theory (PMT), we found that past experiences of privacy invasion significantly reduced trust in the adoption of surveillance cameras at work. This relationship was mediated by respondents' perceptions of security vulnerability. The current study, however, did not confirm any significant moderating effect of the Japanese history problem priming on trust in the adoption of workplace surveillance cameras. Research implications - This suggests that the Japanese history problem may have a limited impact on organizational technology adoption decisions, different from the political consumerism behavior driven by public anti-Japanese affectivity. The current study reaffirms the validity and applicability of PMT and provides both theoretical insights and practical recommendations.