• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2020

There are remains of Japanese gardens in Korea which were built during Japanese occupation in 1910-1945. However, systematic database has not been established for location, quantity, nor types of remaining gardens. This study is aimed at defining current status of Japanese gardens built in Korea. By categorizing types of remaining these Japanese gardens, we also aimed to build a systematic data base for Japanese gardens in Korea. This study was co-conducted by researchers from Korea and Japan. The team identified 17 Japanese gardens remaining in South Korea and categorized them into 4 groups; 1) Japanese garden built by Japanese in modern Japanese house in South Korea, 2) Japanese garden built by Korean in traditional Korean garden and 3) Garden built by Japanese in temples in Korea. (at request by Koreans). This categorization reveals information about the inflow of Japanese gardening culture into Korea and deserves to be an important part of modern gardening History. And the rest are 4) Japanese gardens built at Korean residence, but with much damage and alternation. In this paper, we present the findings to serve as preliminary data for defining Korean traditional gardens and for utilizing Japanese gardens in Korea as historical and cultural infrastructure.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.6 no.1 s.11
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• pp.47-65
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• 1997

In the time of the rule of Japanese imperialism, Japanese style official residence played major role at the implantation of modern dwellings into Korea and its influences on Korean modern dwellings are distinguishable. This study focuses on the Japanese style official residence implanted into Korea before 1910. Before 1910 Japanese civilians in Korea builded just a traditional Japanese dwellings at the Japanese settlement in the ports opened. But Japanese engineers engaged in governmental organization of construction in the Old-Korean Empire builded a central corridor type Japanese dwellings as official residence. The central corridor type Japanese dwelling was an urban dwelling compromised between Japanese style and western style and distinguished by an outer-court type plan, Japanese entrance hall, central corridor and western style reception room. It is certified that the central corridor type Japanese dwelling was implanted into Korea before 1910 and this was the first time an urban dwelling to be implanted and spread through the whole Korea. The central corridor type Japanese dwelling implanted into Korea took in On-Dol and transformed to Korea-Japanese eclectic style. The central corridor type Japanese dwellings implanted into Korea in the time of the rule of Japanese imperialism makes function as a precedent of a modern urban dwelling to Korean and makes Korean dwellings transform from the rural inner court type into the urban outer court type.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1394-1398
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• 2006

The complete mtDNA D-loop regions of Japanese and Korean cattle were analyzed for their mtDNA variations and genetic relationships. Sequencing the 30 Higo substrain and 30 Tosa substrain of Japanese Brown, respectively 12 and 17 distinct Bos haplotypes were identified from 77 polymorphic nucleotide sites. In order to focus on the relationships among Japanese and Korean cattle, two types of phylogenetic tree were constructed using individual sequences; first, a neighbor-joining tree with all sequences and second, reduced median networks within each Japanese and Korean cattle group. The trees revealed that two major mtDNA haplotype groups, T3 and T4, were represented in Japanese and Korean cattle. The T4 haplogroup predominated in Japanese Black and Japanese Brown cattle (frequency of 43.3-66.7%), while the T3 haplogroup was predominant (83.3%) and T4 was represented only twice in the Korean cattle. The results suggested that the mitochondrial origins of Japanese Brown were Japanese ancient cattle as well as Japanese Black in despite of the considerable introgression of Korean and European cattle into Japanese Brown.

• MALSORI
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• no.63
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• pp.47-66
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• 2007

This study aims at exploring the degree of phonetic similarity between Korean and Japanese vowels in terms of acoustic features by performing the speech production test on Korean speakers and Japanese speakers. For this purpose, the speech of 16 Japanese speakers for Japanese speech data, and the speech of 16 Korean speakers for Korean speech data were utilized. The findings in assessing the degree of the similarity of the 7 nearest equivalents of the Korean and Japanese vowels are as follows: First, Korean /i/ and /e/ turned out to display no significant differences in terms of F1 and F2 with their counterparts, Japanese /i/ and /e/, and the distribution of F1 and F2 of Korean /i/ and /e/ in the distributional map completely overlapped with Japanese /i/ and /e/. Accordingly, Korean /i/ and /e/ were believed to be "identical." Second, Korean /a/, /o/, and /i/ displayed a significant difference in either F1 or F2, but showed a great similarity in distribution of F1 and F2 with Japanese /a/, /o/, and /m/ respectively. Korean /a/ /o/, and /i/, therefore, were categorized as very similar to Japanese vowels. Third, Korean /u/, which has the counterpart /m/ in Japanese, showed a significant difference in both F1 and F2, and only half of the distribution overlapped. Thus, Korean /u/ was analyzed as being a moderately similar vowel to Japanese vowels. Fourth, Korean /${\wedge}$/ did not have a close counterpart in Japanese, and was classified as "the least similar vowel."

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.53-74
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• 2012

This study aims to overview and review the infiltration of Japanese Buddhism and it's influences on the construction and architectural characteristics of Japanese Buddhist temple from the opening of ports to Independence Day of Korea. Infiltration of Japanese Buddhism had been sustained during 70 years from the foundation of Higashi Hongan-ji Temple(東本願寺) in Pusan, by Shinshu Otani School(眞宗 大谷派) which was one of Japanese Buddhism, to Independence Day of Korea. This study is to be promoted on the following subjects ; 1) the circumstance around the infiltration of Japanese Buddhism 2) Buddhism policy of Japanese Governor and infiltration on Korean Buddhism 3) increasing trend, distribution and construction of Japanese Buddhist temples near downtown areas 4) for the conclusion, case research on Bondang, Gori, and open space and analysis on the architecture style of Japanese Buddhist temples. Accordingly, Korean Buddhism had been subordinated to Japanese Buddhism, and the management system and memorial service of Korean Buddhism had to be affected by Japanese Buddhism. This study is considered meaningful for the elementary research to examine the aspects of Japanese style on Korean Buddhist architecture at that time.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.65-78
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) the actual reading behavior of Japanese comic books among adolescents, (2) adolescents' perception of violence and sexuality in the comic books, and (3) the effect of Japanese comic books on attitudes toward Japan. Subjects for this study were 109 elementary, 102 middle and 104 high school adolescents. Data were gathered through questionnaires and analyzed by frequencies, percentiles, mean, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test and Pearson's correlations. The results were that (1) Reading of Japanese comic books is a prevalent phenomenon among adolescents; (2) adolescents assessed the contents of Japanese comic books favorably; (3) adolescents evaluated Japanese goods as high quality, assessed Japanese culture positively and had favorable perception of the Japanese; (4) there was a positive relationship between the adolescents' evaluation of Japanese comic books and envy of the Japanese.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.12 no.1 s.28
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• pp.144-156
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• 2006

In the survey of Korean and Japanese female students at the age of $20{\sim}22$, the conceptions of Japanese, Korean, Chinese and Western daily foods were recorded by SD and factor analysis and their perceptions about cuisine of their own countries and other countries in the diets of young people were figured out on the basis of their conceptions. The results are given below. The trends of perceptions about cuisine of their own countries and about Chinese and Western cuisine were coincided in both the Korean and the Japanese. The perceptions of their own countries‘ cuisine might seem to be traditional, familiar, cheap, and delicious. About Western cuisine, they felt that it seemed to be elegant and expensive but not familiar or delicious. Furthermore, the Korean had stronger perceptions about it than the Japanese had. For Chinese cuisine, the Korean felt the same as they did toward the Japanese foods just as the Japanese felt that the Korean cuisine was similar to the Chinese cuisine. The Japanese have thought that the Korean food-style was similar to that of their own country and Kimchi and Bulgogi have emerged in popular Japanese cooking. Also, they felt that the Korean cold noodle dish and Bibimbab were very familiar. On the other side, the Korean have become familiar with sushi, grilled meat, and Japanese noodles, but they were not familiar with other foods.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.139-144
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• 2005

When a Japanese learner in Korea tries to find Japanese dictionary, he must know the pronunciation of the target word. But it's not easy to know the pronunciation of target word from Japanese sentence. Because most of general Japanese sentence shows only HanJa(Chinese character) instead of Kana(Japanese alphabet). If the Japanese learner knows the Korean traditional pronunciation of the target word, he can input the word to electronic Japanese dictionary with the Korean pronunciation. For this solution, the dictionary service provider must convert the Japanese word to Korean pronunciation, in advance. After setting of the conversions as a additional searching process, we can find the target word through Korean pronunciation of the Japanese HanJa, This process is possible for the three reasons below, 1. Korean, Japanese and Chinese are using the nearly same HanJa. The difference is small. 2. Most Japanese learner in Korea, knows the Korean pronunciation of the HanJa. 3. The Korean pronunciation of the HanJa is nearly unique, a HanJa has a Korean pronunciation, generally.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.69-81
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• 2004

The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate characteristics of Korean vowels uttered by Japanese speakers. Eight Korean Vowels were uttered three times by ten male Korean and Japanese, female Korean and Japanese, respectively. Formant Frequencies were measured from sound spectrograms made by the Pitch Works. Results showed that female Japanese speakers uttered Korean vowels more similar to those uttered by Korean native speakers than did male Japanese speakers.. In particular, male Japanese speakers have articulatory problems pronouncing the back vowels(/ㅓ/, /ㅡ/, /ㅜ/). It appears that the width of male speakers' articulatory movements is comparatively narrower than those of female speakers.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.325-328
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• 1999

The aim of this paper is to measure the duration of Japanese 'sokuon' [t/k] and 'haneron' [m/n] pronounced by Korean and Japanese. It is revealed in this study that gemination of the Japanese 'sokuon' in Korean pronunciation lasts 1.5 times longer than a single consonant, whereas it lasts 2 times longer in Japanese pronunciation. The difference between Korean and Japanese seems to show the difficulty of perceiving and learning a foreign rhythmic pattern non-existent in the leaner's language. The gemination of [s] phoneme lasts 2 times as long as a single consonant in both Korean and Japanese pronunciation. On average, the duration of Japanese 'sokuon' [t/k/s] is 1.7 times longer than a single consonant in Korean pronunciation, whereas 2 times longer in Japanese pronunciation. The pronunciation of Japanese 'haneruon' by either Korean or Japanese produces a similar result: 1) gemination lasts longer than a single consonant, 2) the duration of the single [m] is longer than that of the single [n]; 3) gemination of [n] is 3 times as long as a single [n], whereas gemination of [m] is 2 times as long as a single [m].