• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.77-94
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• 2016

The paper examined Southeast Asia as a whole and focused on similarities among countries composing what is now known as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). In order to determine these similarities, the analysis focused on the fact that during World War II the whole of Southeast Asia was occupied by one political power: Japan. The policies the Japanese implemented in the region were to a degree very similar in terms of pressures and tensions that occurred in the different countries. The paper argues that these pressures and the responses of the various peoples of Southeast Asia instilled a nucleus of common identity in Southeast Asia as a whole. Basically, the policies that the Japanese implemented all over Southeast Asia were the following: the setting up regional administrations; the extraction of resources and emphasis on local self-sufficiency; the implementation of cultural Japanization; and local indigenization policies. The Southeast Asian responses that crystalized this joint Southeast Asian identity may be described as: accommodating and resisting the Japanese; commemorating portraying; and collectively remembering the era. The process of action and reaction between Japan and Southeast Asia was formative of this joint Southeast Asian identity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the policy direction and execution plans of the Japanese central and local governments for the use of vacant houses after the enactment of the "Special Act on Vacant Houses." It also seeks to provide suggestions for establishing vacant house policies in Korea by identifying the characteristics of the Japanese policies, and to suggest policy alternatives that can contribute to environmental improvement and regional revitalization through the use of vacant houses. For this purpose, we examined Japan's "Special Act on Vacant Houses," the process of establishing vacant house policies in the Japanese central and local governments, and the contents and direction of these policies. Below are the results of this study. First, the Japanese government revised mid to long-term policies related to housing after the enactment of the "Special Act on Vacant Houses", thereby providing ground for local governments to establish vacant house policies. Second, the government actively supported the operation and funding of related associations so that the private sector rather than the public sector could address vacant house problems. Third, the government subsidized administrative expenses such as cost of finding vacant house owners to prevent neglect of vacant houses, and showed its will to address vacant house problems by revising taxes such as property taxes and transfer income taxes. Fourth, the government has enacted distinct ordinances for each local government and made it possible to perform customized policies such as allowing residents and local stakeholders to participate in the establishment of vacant house policies. Fifth, the government made it possible to manage vacant houses efficiently by allowing the vacant house bank to provide all information related to the use of vacant houses. It is necessary for Korea's central and local governments to refer to these precedent cases and create efforts to reduce trial and error when establishing vacant house policies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.89-97
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• 2018

This is a comparative study on the policy of Korea and Japan for improving upland farming mechanization. Purpose of the study is to set a policy direction of improving efficiency of farm management by using agricultural machinery. Research topic is the agricultural mechanization policy at the national level. The research attempts to classify mechanization policies into framework plan, R&D, rent and lease program, upland farm promotion policies. Major features of the comparative analysis are followed. First, there is a similarity between policies of Korea and Japan in terms of the aim of framework plan and other policies settings. However, Japanese policies focus more on the joint management of farming than Korean policies. Japanese policies take an entire system covering from farm to market into account. Second, Japanese policies have much attention to the agricultural organizations such as corporate, cooperatives that are eligible for using agricultural machinery. This is different from Korean policy. Thus, upland farming mechanization policy needs to set priority, and to have systemic approach. Also, upland farming mechanization policy has to be facilitated in accordance with producer organizations and their marketing strategies.

• Journal of North-East Asian Cultures
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• v.39
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• pp.347-360
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• 2014

This research, with the recent change in the paradigm of education, has its purpose on suggesting the direction of Japanese education that best suits the environment in Korea, by analyzing the education and information policy in Korea and Japan. As it is shown in Mackey's model, policy in language and education cannot be separated, and the 'smart education' policy as well as 'Education and Information Vision' that is implemented in Korea and Japan is likely to be connected with policies in language in the near future. Both of these policies has its goals on the spreading of information in education, and is predicted to lead to development in contents in regard to education of foreign language. When looking at recently developed smart-learning programs, it can be found that the credibility and authenticity is weak because in most of those programs, there was no participation of experts in Japanese education. Thus there is a need for expertise in Japanese education for development of these contents and also many attempts with application of 'smart-learning' collaboration of technology and academic knowledge in humanities and education is needed. At the same time, various support from the government is essential so that these policies can simultaneously work together, along with the field of foreign language education.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.467-490
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• 2010

This paper compared the cases of Korea and Japan on the basis of three research goals as follows. Above all, this paper tries to illuminate differences in logistics policies for China in Korea and Japan at governmental levels after understanding their distinct features. Then, after investigating investments of Korean and Japanese firms in China and their specific cases at corporate levels, this paper tries to illuminate similarities and differences of corporate strategies in Korean and Japanese logistics firms. Finally, this paper attempts to derive implications for Korean governments and firms through the comparative study. Main results of this study are as follows. First, even though logistics policies of Korean and Japanese government are similar in admitting the significance of China, Japanese policies are broader by admitting the significance of cooperating with ASEAN nations. Second, Japanese firms provide more diverse entire logistics services and also retained wider logistics networks than Korean counterparts in Chinese logistics markets. Thus, Korean logistics firms need to pursue to establish strategic cooperation with other foreign firms in China.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.55-73
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• 2013

Since the 1990s, the Japanese government has made considerable attempts at stimulating innovation with an aim to pull the country out of a possibly permanent economic decline. Several laws and policy initiatives were introduced to encourage better interaction between universities (and research institutions) and industry. The results of these efforts have been mixed. While the number of university-industry joint and commissioned research has increased, revenues from the licensing of university-owned patents have fluctuated year by year. Although the number of startups and spin-offs from universities rose, their long-term survival and contribution to the economy remain uncertain. The Japanese experience features both strengths and weaknesses. Strengths include the long-term commitment of policy makers, the ability to set specific targets, and the active engagement of several key economic ministries. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of these policy initiatives was hampered by limitations within the policies concerning the roles of universities and their mode of interaction with industry based on intellectual property rights, the inadequacy of demand-side innovation policies, the fragmentation of bureaucracy, and a lack of a credible evaluation system.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.40-65
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• 2016

Knowledge plays a more important role in promoting entrepreneurship in the current information-led society than it did during the age of industrialization. Many recent studies found that entrepreneurship stimulates and generates innovation and economic growth. In response to the issues of long-term low growth, the Japanese government implemented several policies to encourage universities initiate entrepreneurial activities. This paper examines Japanese policies since 2014 that support universities in providing various programs for developing global entrepreneurs. Thirteen academic institutes were beneficiaries of three-year funding since the fiscal year of 2014. Each university designed its own educational programs according to their own contexts, built various forms of innovation ecosystems with domestic as well as international partner organizations, and offered entrepreneurship training courses or innovation workshops for companies to sustain its programs through broadening their funding bases. Due to the interdisciplinary nature and short history in operating the programs so far, it is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of the programs. However, each participating university accumulated knowledge and experience while carrying out their various programs, suggesting important new directions for policymakers and education program designers in facilitating entrepreneurship and innovation.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2021

To develop policies regarding fertility and pregnancy that will be effective in preventing further declines in fertility rates in the context present-day Korea, current policies in Japan were analyzed and compared with those now being implemented in Korea. This study was structured to involve (a) comparison of maternal health projects in Korea and Japan, and (b) comparison of infertility support policies based in regional cities in Korea and Japan. Korea's Health Plan 2030 emphasizes strengthening healthcare for high-risk pregnant women, expanding investments to benefit vulnerable groups, and establishing a support system for infertile couples. In Japan, government programs involving treatment targeting infertility specifically were implemented nationwide in 2006. Wide dissemination of accurate knowledge related to pregnancy is emphasized. Also, counseling centers specializing in infertility were established by 67 local governments. We have confirmed that Korean policies include decentralization, while Japan is implementing the central government's infertility policy uniformly in all regions. Japan also adjusted its policy out of concern that problems related to infertility and childbirth will worsen due to the social disaster of COVID-19. The results indicate that providing additional support for psychological counseling may be preferable to increasing the number of in-vitro fertilization procedures. The physical burden on women may be minimized by benchmarking policies in Japan. Step-by-step application of these procedures should be systematically supported to achieve the best results.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.539-553
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• 2004

The main aim of this paper is to analyze the influence of the particular social geographical characteristics and the historical background of an area on the thinking and attitudes of its Japanese locals towards immigrant residents. The results of my research suggest the following three points. Firstly, Japanese locals who were strongly attached to their communities were likely to avoid foreign residents. In the areas where new residents were dominant in the community local people were relatively open and accepting to foreign residents. Secondly, age and occupation were influential factors that made some impact on the attitudes of Japanese locals towards foreign residents. When local and foreign residents carried out the same type of occupations Japanese locals were antagonistic with immigrant residents. Finally, the feelings and attitudes of Japanese locals towards migrant residents deeply affected the policies of local governments with regard to treatment of foreign residents, while the policies of local governments for foreign residents might influence the thinking of Japanese local residents about the foreign residents.

• Journal of East-Asian Urban History
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.113-128
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• 2020

Right before the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1937-1954), the Great Eastern Broadcasting Station (GEBS) was established in Shanghai under the aegis of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (MOFA). Prior to the launching of the GEBS, Japan had not owned similar radio stations in China for years. As a result, the Embassy of Japan in China held rounds of discussions on the plan and Japanese governments, ranging from the MOFA, the Navy, the Army, the Ministry of Communications (MOC), and NHK-Japan Broadcasting Corporation (Nihon Hoso Kyoku) provided financial, technological, and equipment support. In the mid-1930s when the Sino-Japanese relations became intensified, the GEBS assumed the primary role of disseminating government policies to over 30,000 Japanese expatriates in Shanghai to make sure that they could remain settled while supporting military endeavors of the Japanese army once the war between China and Japanese broke out. After 1937, the GEBS became an essential propaganda tool to advance imperial policies of Japan. Although the station differed from the Army-controlled Greater Shanghai Broadcasting Station (Dai Shanhai Hoso Kyoku) in many aspects, it was in line with the latter in terms of advancing wartime ideology of the Japanese empire. As the Japanese-occupied areas were enlarged, target audience of the GEBS also expanded to Chinese people and foreign nationals when Japanese, English, Russian, and Shanghai-dialect news was broadcast by the station. Suffice it to say that the GEBS was closely related to wartime propaganda of the Japanese imperial expansion.