• 식품과학과 산업
• /
• 제55권2호
• /
• pp.218-238
• /
• 2022

The loss of Korean sovereignty by Japan in 1910 was an unforgettable national humiliation of Korea who maintained the sovereignty for 5000 years. The process of Korea annexation into Japan was reviewed and its consequences to the food and nutritional status of Koreans were analyzed by using the records in Korea as well as in overseas. The records of the colonial Government-General of Joseon shows superficial figures distorting the actual life of Koreans at that time. Japan extorted 45% of rice and 44% of soybeans produced in Korea in 1933, and imported poor quality long-grain rice (Indica type) to replace partly the extorted rice. The food and nutritional situation of Koreans was miserable, and hunger and malnutrition were prevalent in the country for the 36 years. The height of Koreans became smaller than Japanese, who was called as 'little people (Oein)' in Korea historically.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
• /
• 제6권
• /
• pp.137-163
• /
• 1979

The Purpose of this study is analyzed that (l) How the public Libraries under the Japanese Rule since the end of the Yi-Dynasty were recepted and generated by the people and (2) How they were organiged and managed. (3) Also it examined that how they affected the development of the libraries of today. 1. The following are the analyzed results: Three types of the public Libraries under the Japanese Rule for a period of 36 years engaged busily in colonization were Private's Public Libraries, Local Self-Government's Libraries and the Central Governmental Libraries, and were in order established. 2. They were eatablished by individuals, Confucian School Foundation, Young Men's Clubs, School Associations, Korean brethren residing abroad, or The Press Centering around the Local Self-Governments and the Japanese Government-General. 3. In 1932 of the period of the Japanese Rule, the number of Libraies gained the summit and reached 80 Libraries. The Public Libraries including the Central Governmental Libraries remained in existence until the end of the War had been kept up the functions of the Libraries, but the Private Libraries operated by the Koreans were very small and poor. As a result, most of them were closed up and some Libraries transferred their controls to the public. Until the end of the war, only a little over 10 Private Libraries were Kept up. From the aspects of it's organization system, the most of their libraries replaced their chief librarians with non-professional county-headmen or Local supporters. From the aspect of collections, they wate mainly consists of Japanese books for the proper quidance of the public thought based on the ideology of Japanese Rule to Korea and on the industrial promotion rather than books about Koreanology or Western books. At that time, the Library users were with the jobless men and students as the central figures. And the next ranking by the social position of readers was children, farmers, merchants, industrialists, public servants, miscellaneous and educators. Their reading tendencies laid stress on linguistics and literature, physical sciences and medicine, While the reading trend of military sciences and medicine, while the reading trend of military sciences and engineering were very inactive. This was because the Japanese Government-General had not kept the military collections on file. Besides, they were reluctant to make Korean's learn the professional knowledge and so the main reference materials of technology not provited. Most of the Libraries put practiced in circulation services were very important circulation in withinder of the reading room rather than in outside of the Library building. On the other hand, their circulation services has above came with many limitations. As stated above, the public Libraries' managements and activitives under the period of Japanese Rule were the way and means to achive the colonial and imperialistic purpose of the Japanese Empire.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
• /
• 제51권1호
• /
• pp.100-125
• /
• 2018

일제는 그들의 통치목적을 달성하기 위하여 우리 문화재에 대한 조사와 제도화를 하였다. 이러한 과정은 일본인 관료와 학자들을 중심으로 진행되었으며, 몇 번의 변화를 거쳐 체계화 되었고, 1916년에 제정된 "고적 및 유물 보존규칙"과 1934년에 지정된 문화재들은 현재 우리나라 문화재 정책의 시작점이 되었다. 이 글은 일제강점기에 조선총독부 주도로 진행된 문화재 정책을 문화재에 관한 전반을 심의하던 '위원회'의 인원 구성과 '문화재 목록'의 변화상이라는 관점에서 살펴보았다. 이러한 사항들은 다음과 같이 요약된다. 첫째, 조선총독부는 문화재 정책을 입안하고 결정하기 위한 심의기구로 '위원회(보존회)'를 두었는데, 제도와 인적 구성 면에서 조선총독부 관료를 과반 이상 두도록 하여 조선총독부의 정책이 관철되도록 하였다. 이 속에서 조선인은 극소수가 참여하였는데, 그들마저 형식적인 구색 맞추기였다고 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 조선총독부가 조사하여 목록화한 문화재는 목록화 계기에 따라 크게 세 시기로 구분된다. 첫 번째 목록(1909~1916)은 등 급제로 대표되는 세키노타다시에 의해 주도되었고, 두 번째 목록(1917~1933)은 대장법으로 대표되는 구로이타가쓰미에 의해 주도되었다. 구로이타가쓰미는 문화재 제도를 입안하고 목록을 공식화 하면서 세키노타다시의 영향에서 멀어지려 하였는데, 이러한 정황이 제도와 실제 목록 내용에서 드러나고 있음을 확인하였다. 세 번째 목록(1934~1945)은 1934년 지정문화재 목록으로 만들어졌는데, 이 단계에서는 세키노타다시의 조사 성과도 반영이 되었으며, 종전의 규정에서 제외되었던 현존사찰의 중요 문화재도 포함이 되었다. 이렇게 1934년을 기점으로 현재 우리나라 문화재 목록의 기본적 체계가 만들어졌다.

• 기술혁신학회지
• /
• 제8권spc1호
• /
• pp.555-582
• /
• 2005

This is a case study on the new model of Graduate School recently established by 22 government-sponsored research institutes, focused on the University of Science and Technology(UST). It first deals with the necessity of authorized education system in government-sponsored research institutes not only for nourishing highly caliber manpower but also for activating research institutes. And then it analyzes the general status of the UST and Japanese graduate school model and its comparison. Finally it points out some suggestions for future development of the UST.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.136-162
• /
• 1991

This thesis is a study on the change and the process of the development of the hygiene administration during the period of modernization of our nation which promoted by the open door policy of our country chiefly under the pressure of the foreign countries. During that period Korea had reorganized the old political system radically and introduced the western medical system. Through the close study of literature concerning the system of the hygiene administration, the laws of health and hygiene, the environmental sanitation organizations and their practical activities the author obtained the conclusions as following 1. The government passed around 40 laws of health and hygiene from the time when the bureau of hygiene was founded in 1894 to the annex of Korea to Japan. Most of the laws were believed to be established by the enforecement of Japanese government. When the epidemics were prevailing, a decree for the prevention of the epidemics was proclaimed by the Japanese president of the headquarters of national police. It is shown well that the sovereignty of Korea had been deprived. 2. After the armex of Korea to Japan, the hygiene police and the general police belonging to the bureau of national police shared the tasks of health and hygiene. This was a temporary system which had existed just during the colonial period. As for the water-supply which is the most important facility among the various environmental hygiene facilities, the rate of supply was remarkably high in Japanese rather than in Korean. 3. During the period of American military administration, it is notable that the division of hygiene in the bureau of national police was replaced by the bureau of hygiene. This period is regarded as the turning point when hygiene administration was operated by means of education along with the introuction of American system of public health. 4. Ever since the foundation of the republic government, the laws of health and hygiene which had been established during the colonial period have been put into operation without rriuch change except several regulations concerning food.

• 한국비블리아학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.37-84
• /
• 1981

Korean private colleges under the period of Japanese control was the kernel for the educational resistance, one of the save-the-nation movements because of inculcating in Koreans the spirit of independence and self-respect under that period. Posung College Library building, erected in Commemoration of the 30th Anniversary of the Foundation, especially, was the result of Koreans systematizing ability and iron will of independence for the future generations. In this paper, an attempt to study the Korean private college libraries under the period of Japanese control is provided. The main institutions in this study are Posung College library, Chosen Christian College library (Yunhee College Library), and Ewha College Library. This study will focus to review the followings: 1. The historical background of above mentioned libraries. 2. The educational resistance under that period. 3. The comparative and analytical study of these private college libraries and Keijo Imperial University library. 4. The facilities and the basic collection development plan on the basis of presentation. 5. library services including readers services. 6. The impact of these libraries on the present private university libraries. 7. The organization and staffing pattern, and budget of these private college libraries. The followings are the outlines conclusions: 1. Korean private college libraries had been established in order to perform the educational resistance. They are one of the supporting agencies for the research activities, among the most important means of social education, and provide, no doubt, the full nutriment for hungry soul under that period. 2. These libraries have not outstripped Keijo Imperial University in collection of books as well as man power, but their collection of books coincided, in general, with their curricula, and had feature to perform the save-the-nation-movement by education. 3. The library services were appeared in the forms such as the Circulation Library, Lectures on the Use of Books and Libraries, Library Week, and Training Course for the Librarians, etc. It is thought that these activities contributed to the social and cultural development of Korea indirectly. 4. The library administration of the private colleges depended upon the director of library because of the frequent changes of staffs and the simple functional system without its middle class. 5. The Japanese Government-General in Korea gave no financial assistance to the private colleges though they were in financial difficulties more than Keijo Imperial University. 6. The ambitious ideal for foundation of universities in reality as well as in name was not achieved during that period because of the monstrous obstacle so-called the Japanese Government-General in Korea, but its ideal had a desirable effect upon these college libraries development, in particular, before and after 1935.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.19-39
• /
• 2006

This study deals with construction contract bid-rigging by Japanese contractors who monopolized the construction market of the Korean Peninsula during the Japanese colonial rule, and investigates the abuses of the contract bid-rigging. First of all, construction contract bid-rigging in Korea was triggered by Japanese construction contractors and contract brokers, who had savored the benefits of bidrigging in Japan and had repeated the bid-rigging in Korea since 1903. Second, the agency played a significant role to mediate construction contractors, and existed throughout the Japanese colonial rule on the Korean Peninsula with changing their names. Most of them were engaged in major contract bid-rigging scandals. Among them was Construction Association of Korea, which existed for over 13 years. The agencies had took part in governmental services since the mid-1930s when Japan exploited Korean people during wartime, and focused on sweating human resources for the constructions. Third, one of the biggest construction bid-rigging scandals during the Japanese colonial rule was "the 1st and 2nd scandal on Daegu construction contract bid-rigging." Indeed, the second scandal paved the way for the serial scandals: "Kyeongseong construction contract bid-rigging scandal", "Busan construction contract bid-rigging scandal", and other cases throughout the nation. Fourth, along with the contract bid-rigging cases related to the Japanese Government-General of Korea and local authorities, bid-riggings firmly took rooted in local governments' farmland reclamation projects in the 1920s and the poor relief services in the 1930s. The "bid-rigging charges" forced contractors to compensate their losses with exploiting material costs and labor costs, generating serious problems. The construction contract bid-rigging enabled Japan to monopolize the construction industry and to sweat farmers on the Korean Peninsula. Against this backdrop, contract bid-rigging by Japanese construction contractors during the its colonization made Korean contractors ruled out, and helped Japanese monopolize the industry. A large amount of bid-rigging charges drove Japanese contractors to do fraudulent work with cheap materials and to exploit Korean labor force.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.19-30
• /
• 2019

The former administration office building of Kyeong-seong-bu(京城府) was a building converted from the Japanese residency-general's of Kyeong-seong(京城理事廳) which was originally built as the Japanese consulate in Joseon(日本領事館). It was too worn and too small as a Kyeong-seong-bu administration office even with several annexes. Kyeong-seong-bu tried to build a new big administration office building at the vacant north side of the same site, which was closely faced to the rotary in front of the Bank of Joseon(朝鮮銀行前廣場). But this trial was ended in vain due to insufficient budget. Therefore Kyeong-seong-bu built a new administration office building in another site and moved to it in 1926 with debts. For paying for the debts Kyeong-seong-bu sold the former site after partitioning with new roads through it. As a result the nature of the former site and its surroundings was changed. This study traces the changes and inquires how the authorities in the colonial Joseon and various commercial powers of Kyeong-seong-bu behaved for their own interests in the meantime. It makes use of the historical records and documentary literatures between early 1910s and early 1930s.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제41권
• /
• pp.293-319
• /
• 2009

This paper aims to find the differences between the trading company of Korea and Japan, by analyzing the development history of Corporate Governance and Internal Control System in Korea and Japan. And this paper studies about that on the legal site. A corporate governance has the tremendous influence on the value of the company, and a company's system of internal control has a key role in the management of risks that are significant to the fulfillment of its business objectives. On the other hand, many companies in the every industry have suffered several times from fatal loss or damage resulted from miss or malfeasance late in the 20th century. And the result of that, starting the Sarbanese-Oxley Act in America, a government established the financial laws and corporate laws in the a lot of countries including Korea and Japan. Japanese trading companies tend to be taking a serious view of internal control more than corporate governance against Korean trading companies. But this not means that Japanese are superior to Korean. The most important thing is the fact that Korean trading companies have to spend enough time finding suitable system of corporate governance and internal control as Japanese trading companies did.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.18-28
• /
• 1992

A purpose of this study is to identify the concept formation and classify the diverse concepts which related to Kyoung(景) of Chio Nam-Sun at Korea under Japanese colonial rule (a turning point in the korean history). The cultural policy of th Japanese Government-General was aimed at the destruction of Korean nationalism and racial consciousness and the rapid Japanizatio of the Koreans. In the name of assimilation, Korean language instruction was first simply discouraged while the movement for the use of Japanese was stepped up, the use of the Japanese language was forced upon the Koreans, and textbook revision was carried out in order to develop Shinto nationalism and loyalty to the emperor and the state. The results were as follows; The type of landscape concept was 10 types and had the following frequencies in order; Pung-Kuoung(風景)(42), Kyoung-Chi(景致)(21), Koang-Kyoung(光景)(8), Kyoung-Sung(景勝)(7), Kyoung-Gae(景槪)(5), Kyoung-Goan(景觀)(2), Sung-Kyoung(勝景)(2), Kyoung(景)(2), Sil-Kyoung(實景)(1), Pung-Kyoung-Goan(風景觀)(1). Types of landscape concepts in critical periods were classified into 10 according to the many characteristics; personal situations, cultural policy and education policy of Japanese.