• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.27-38
• /
• 1979

This study was undertaken to determine the subjective symptoms of fatigue among the house-wives groups. Inquiries into subjective symptoms of fatigue were made by the form designied by the Industrial Fatigue Research Committee of the Japan Society of Industrial Health (1961), Comprising 30 items. These items are classified into 3 groups of 10 items, namely, A) Physical Symptoms, B) Mental Symptoms, C) Neuro-Sensory Symptoms (Figure 1 ). The results of the investigation can be summerized as follows: 1. Within the total items (T), the physical symptoms (A) were the strongest in the effect on the feelings of fatigue, and were followed by (B), and (C). 2. There was a significant difference shown in the distribution of responses by height (X$^2$=236.29, d.f. = 145, p < 0.00001). In the mental category (F = 2.22, d.f. = 4, p = 0.05) and neuro-sensory category (F = 2.64, d.f. = 4, p < 0.001), there was a difference in the responses’com-plaints by weight. 3. As for the ages, housewives at the age of 50 presented a higher rate than those 30 or 20. 4. Regarding the number of children, respondents have more children showed higher frequency rate of complaints. 5. In the investigation sample, complaints were related to education level (f = 18.34, d.f. = 3, p<0.0001) pentruation (t = 2.31, p< 0.022), and sleeping hours (F = 6.04, d.f. = 6, p< 0.0001).

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제11권10호
• /
• pp.1045-1054
• /
• 2002

Urban atmospheric conditions are usually settled as warmer, drier and dirtier than those of rural counterpart owing to reduction of green space and water space area heat retention in surfaces such as concrete and asphalt, and abundant fuel consumption. The characteristics of urban climate has become generally known as urban heat island. The purpose of this study is to investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of the heat emission from human activity, which is a main factor causing urban heat island. In this study, the anthropogenic heat fluxes emitted from vehicles and constructions are estimated by computational grid mesh which is divided by 1km $\times$ 1km. The anthropogenic heat flux by grid mesh can be applied to a numerical simulation model of the local circulation model. The constructions are classified into 9 energy-consumption types - hospital, hotel, office, department store, commercial store, school, factory, detached house and flat. The vehicles classified into 4 energy-consumption types - car, taxi, truck and bus. The seasonal mean of anthropogenic heat flux around central Daegu exceeded $50 W/m^2$ in winter. The annual mean anthropogenic heat flux exceeded $20 W/m^2$. The values are nearly equivalent to the anthropogenic heat flux in the suburbs of Tokyo, Japan.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제10권5호
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2010

The residence means a given place. It is repeated that process of overcome, protection, assimilation and adaptation has applied to environmental condition. Architecture is part of environment and various. Thus there are lots of types. We need the place with uniqueness, and it is suitable for biological and humanistic environment. The living space turned to be meaningful place with design, and people start to live with nature together. Therefore design restructures whole environment and makes people to be closed with nature. We have to understand nature of environment to connect one place with the other place, and people start to put down roots certain place. Coping with social needs, we have to develop the architectural alternative which can be applied to natural condition. This study suggest sound high-density urban residential model as it function social mix.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국항해항만학회 2009년도 공동학술대회
• /
• pp.463-466
• /
• 2009

이 논문은 대한제국기 등대건축의 도입과정에서 이시바시 아야히코(석교현언(石橋絢彦))와 하딩(John Reginald Harding)의 역할에 대하여 다루고자 한다. 지금까지 하딩에 대한 언급은 간혹 있었지만 G. R. Harding으로 잘못 알려져왔다. 이에 따라 하딩에 대한 행적을 찾는 것도 쉽지 않았고 하딩이 한국에서의 활동을 살펴보는 것도 어려웠다. 본 원고는 하딩의 정착한 이름과 그의 이력을 찾아내어 42개의 등대위치를 선정하는 등 29개의 등대를 디자인하고 컨설팅했다는 기록을 찾아내어 우리나라 등대건축의 기틀을 쌓았다는 사실을 밝히고자 한다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2020

Recently, cultural property policies have changed from the preservation of cultural assets to the utilization of cultural assets. In historic villages, more and more traditional housings have been used as lodging facilities. On the other hand, low birth rates, aging population, declining population due to population outflow to the cities, increasing vacant houses, and aging buildings are tasks of historic villages. To be preserved the historic villages continuously, it is time to review how to regenerate and utilize the growing number of vacant houses. This study targets Tambasasayama city, which is drawing attention to the regeneration and utilization of vacant houses among historic Japanese villages. We want to analyze the operation systems and deregulation of a traditional housing regeneration project in Tambasasayama city and draw suggestions for the regeneration and utilization of vacant houses in traditional villages in South Korea.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.85-96
• /
• 1998

This is a study on the revitalization of the fashion design studios (planning and production companies of clothing) in compliance with the request from the Small and Medium Business Administration. It's purpose is to strengthen the competence of the petty company and eventually frourish the Korean Fashion Business. The research method to conduct this study consists of two parts. First part is the research on the domestic industry mainly by questionaire, interviews and literature reviews. After making out the directory of the design studios (total of 700), 85 studios were selected for the questionaire. And by interviewing them, data with more depth was obtained. The second part is the research of the foreign cases. In the case of Japan, survey was done on the spot. However, in the case of Italy, literature review and interview with specialists were made. Also in order to higher the efficiency of the study an advisory committee and final explanatory meeting was carried into effect. This study has started first by looking into the significance and function of the fashion design studios. Then, a full scale examination was made centering around the questionarie of the present conditions of the companies. General conditions were first observed. Then the survey was done by grouping the industry by the industrial classifications such as woven, knit, leather mustang fur and fashion accesaries. The problems these companies face are that they are petty in scale and in lack of speciality, professional training, government support. Also, they are without an association or an organization that speaks for them and they face problems while doing business with others. Cases of Japan and Italy were surveyed as the example of the advanced nations. In the case of Japan, development of planning and management company, Fashion Soft House, was analyzed. Italy for instance, the function of the studios was looked into centering around the silk complex, Como, knit product complex, Capri. Also, precedent cases of brands and developing factor of the fashion industry was examined. Finally, on the basis of the result of the study, a plan to revitalize the fashion design studios was presented centering around the strategic planning, management, production, developing of talent, improvement of relationship between business acqaintance, and the support policy of the government.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.101-117
• /
• 1973

Socio-medical survey was carried out on six hundred and thirty Korean households in the cities of Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto, and Nagoya in Japan from Nov. 1972 to Dec. 1972, and following results were obtained. 1. Age distribution of households showed the highest occurence in the group of 40 to 49 years of age in the both sexes. Families with five members showed highest occurence, and the average number of familial members was 5.7 persons per one household. 2. More than half of the householders were some independent enterprisers rather than to be the employees and most of the household had one familial member engaged in more or less liberal profession. 3. 19.4% of households moved into these cities from 1941 to 1945. 4. 40.5% of all the households had their own houses. The possession rate of one's own house was higher in the households which had long period of residence in Japan. 5. 83.5% of all households had various medical insurances. And the 6.2% of the household which had no insurance stated that the reason for not being affiliated was 'because to be the foreigner'. Household of shorter dwelling period had less tendency to be affiliated to the various insurances. 6. In 41.3% of all the households, average medical expenditure amounted to 1000-5000 Yen per month. And only 25.6% of household stated that they do not worry about the medical expenditure for the futures. 7. 66.3% of households were consulting to medical doctors for their sickness, such as toothache, severe coughing, profuse sputum, children's fever and stomach pain etc. 8. 59.4% of households were using the facilities of health center services. The health center service was used mainly for individual health service rather than the environmental aspect. And 19.8% of households were not aware of health center activities. 9. It was found that 23.5% of households received the screening test of the tuberculosis and adult diseases. Especially, the rate of screening test of the adult diseases showed as following ; stomach cancer, 8.9% ; hypertension, 7.9% ; diabetes mellitus, 2.1% ; and uterus cancer, 1.6%. 10. Birth control was carried out in 17.3% of households but not in 52.5%. The chief reason of birth control was 'because of poor maternal health' (40.0%) or 'should not be done' (5.4%). 11. Most of them are obtaining the knowledges and informations on family plannings. public nuisance problems and nutritions etc. by means of the mass communications, while those no preventing diseases and the environmental hygiene through the administrative organizations.

• 한국항만경제학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.331-348
• /
• 2011

최근 세계 각국은 지구온난화 및 기후변화에 대응하고 저탄소 사회구축을 통해 새로운 경제성장 동력을 확보하기 위해 녹색 관련 정책을 적극적으로 추진하고 있다. 항만과 항만활동과 같은 다양한 발생원으로부터 이산화탄소가 배출되고 있다. 또한 항만은 해운 철도 도로를 연결하는 물류의 중심을 담당하고 있는 부문이기 때문에 항만에서의 성공적인 탄소삭감은 다른 운송분야에서의 온실가스 배출삭감에 크게 공헌할 수 있다. 한국은 교토의정서에 의거한 1차 감축대상국가에서는 제외되었지만 2013년부터는 의무감축 대상국가가 되는 것이 예상된다. 한국은 경제에서 무역비중이 높고 특히 수출입 화물의 99.8%가 항만을 통해 운송되고 있다. 그러므로 항만운영의 친환경정책은 한국의 지속가능한 성장에 매우 중요한 역할을 할 것이다. 일본은 가장 개선된 항만오염규제를 도입함으로써 친환경항만에 대한 신속한 조치를 취하여 왔다. 또한 한국과 같이 경제에서 무역이 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있기 때문에 일본의 친환경 항만정책과 활동을 한국이 주의 깊게 살펴봐야 할 부분이다. 본 논문은 포스트교토체제하에서 온실가스배출을 감축하여야 하기 때문에 한국이 배출을 감축할 수 있는 가장 효과적인 방법을 모색할 수 있도록 하기 위해 일본의 친환경 항만정책과 그 시사점을 검토한다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국항해항만학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.195-216
• /
• 2005

1678년에 설치된 초량왜관은 조선 역대왜관 가운데 가장 큰 규모로 오랫동안 존치되었으며, 10여 만평의 기지를 배경으로 동관 삼대청과 서관 삼대청 그리고 외측사조가사 등이 복합된 양상으로 구성되어 있었다. 특히 200여 년의 존치기간 동안 창건공사와 21건의 수리공사가 이행된 사실은 주목할 만 하다. 조정은 조선의 땅에 세워진 왜인 거류지인 왜관의 감독과 관리에 관심을 가지고 있었으며, 그 결과 왜관기지 내의 여러 건물을 조선측 조영건물과 일본측 조영건물로 조영주체를 구분하고, 차왜와 소통할 수 있는 역관을 감동관으로 삼아 양국의 의견을 조정하는 등, 일반적인 관아건축과 다른 인력조직과 공사체제를 편성하였다. 왜관창건공사에는 왜목수와 조선목수가 함께 동원되었다. 이러한 사실은 조일 양국이 왜관을 통해 서로의 공사기술과 방법을 체험하고 교류하는 기회였음을 시사한다. 이에 녈 연구는 조선시대 왜관 가운데 규모가 가장 크고 , 존치기간이 길었던 초량왜관을 대상으로 왜관공사의 실체를 규명하는 것을 목표로 한다. 두모포왜관의 공사체제를 전례로 하는 창건공사와 공사의 체제정비가 이루어진 수리공사를 나누어 각 공사의 공사내용과, 집행정도, 역가지급, 공사주체를 살피고, 200년 동안의 추이를 살펴 왜관이라는 독특한 장소에서 이루어진 공사의 성격을 규명하여, 초량왜관에서 일어난 조일양국의 조영활동에 대한 교류를 건축생산사적 측면에 초점을 두어 고찰하고자 한다.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
• /
• 제57권1호
• /
• pp.23-44
• /
• 2023

도서관(図書館)이란 말은 일본 메이지 중기에 서양의 library와 bibliothek를 번역한 화제한어다. 이를 한자문화권의 중국(도서관(图书馆)), 대만(도서관(圖書館)), 한국(도서관), 베트남(Dồ thư quán)이 수용하였다. 그렇다면 일본과 중국에서는 언제, 누가 서양 도서관을 최초로 소개하였는가. 일본의 중론은 계몽사상가 후쿠자와(福澤諭吉)의 『서양사정(西洋事情), 1866』이고, 중국은 개혁사상가 양계초(梁启超)의 『시무보(时务报), 1896년』 기사를 최초로 지목하는 견해가 많다. 이에 본 연구는 양국에 서양 도서관을 소개한 근대 사전, 저서, 역서, 논문, 신문기사 등을 중심으로 '도서관'이란 명칭이 등장한 시기와 인물을 추적하고 논증하였다. 그 결과, 일본에서는 모도끼(本木正栄)의 『안게리아어림대성(諳厄利亜語林大成), 1814』를 비롯한 여러 견문기 및 사전에서 다양한 용어로 서양 도서관을 기술하였기 때문에 1866년 후쿠자와 소개설은 오류다. 그리고 중국에서는 류정담(刘正埮)의 『한어외래사사전(汉语外来词词典), 1884』에 도서관이란 용어가 최초로 등장하므로 1896년 양계초 도입설은 사실이 아니다. 동일한 맥락에서 한국에서 도서관이란 용어가 최초로 사용된 시기, 1901년 일본홍도회 부산지회가 설립한 한국 최초의 도서관 명칭에 대한 추적과 논증이 요구된다.