• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.428-455
• /
• 2010

Radish kimchi is a typical side-dish in Korean traditional food and is a way of keeping vegetables for a extended period using fermentation. This study examined the classification, usage, eating history, variety, and recipes of Korean radish kimchi through ancient and modern era literature. The Korean radish kimchi were categorized into six groups: kkakttugi, seokbakji (or nabakkimchi), dongchimi, jjanji, jangachi, and jangkwa. According to the record, the eating history of radish kimchi comes from before the age of the Three Kingdom period. Radish was preserved in salt, vinegar, soybean paste or lees of fermented liquor in the early times. This pickled radish was not supposed to be watery. Radish kimchi was divided into watery kimchi (dongchimi) during the period of United Silla and the Koryo Dynasty. Kimchi was mixed with Chinese cabbage to make seokbakji or nabakkimchi. Up to the early Chosun Dynasty, the key ingredient of kimchi was radish. After the middle of the Chosun Dynasty, kimchi was mixed with red pepper powder, salted fish, soybean sauce, and various ingredients. There were many kinds of radish kimchi during the late Chosun Dynasty. In the 11 Korean recipe books published within the past 100 years, there are nine kinds of kkakttugi, three kinds of seokbakji, four kinds of dongchimi, three kinds of jjanji, nine kinds of jangachi, and five kinds of jangkwa. Kkakttugi (cubed, sliced or julienne radish) was pickled with salt, red pepper powder, garlic, green onion, oyster, sugar, salted fish, and more. Seokbakji and nabakkimchi were not as salty, so they could not be preserved as long. Dongchimi (watery radish kimchi without red pepper powder) was made of radish, water, salt, 18 side ingredients, 13 condiments, and seven garnishes. Jjanji was pickled to be very salty and was eaten during summer. Jangachi can be used as a regular side dish and is made of radish or dried radish slices pickled or seasoned with salt, soy sauce, vinegar, soybean paste, lees of fermented liquor, and spices. Jangkwa is used as a stir-fry method and has been segregated from jangachi relatively recently.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.887-892
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 절단 두께를 달리한 건조한 돼지감자로 장아찌를 제조하여 생돼지감자 장아찌와 저장 중 품질 특성을 분석하여 건조돼지감자의 활용 가능성을 검토하고자 하였다. 생돼지감자를 7, 10 mm로 절단하여 수분함량이 8%가 되도록 열풍 건조하였다. 간장 조미액으로 장아찌를 제조하여 저장기간(4주간)에 따른 이화학적 특성을 비교하였다. 건조돼지감자의 수화복원성은 7, 10 mm 두께로 건조한 시료 모두 건조 전 돼지감자 무게 대비 90% 이상 복원하였으나, 10 mm로 절단한 건조돼지감자가 7 mm로 절단한 돼지감자보다 420분으로 90% 이상 복원되는데 2배 이상의 시간이 소요되었다. 생돼지감자 장아찌의 경도는 저장기간이 지남에 따라 감소하였으나, 건조돼지감자 장아찌는 일정하게 유지되었다. 이는 건조과정 중 조직 연화 효소가 불활성화 된 것으로 판단된다. 장아찌의 염도와 당도는 저장기간이 지남에 따라 증가하는데, 생돼지감자의 경우 4주간에 걸쳐 급격히 증가하였다. 그러나 건조과정을 통해 조직이 변형된 건조돼지감자 장아찌는 숙성과 동시에 염의 탈수와 침투가 급격히 진행되어 저장 초기부터 평형이 이루어져 저장기간이 지나도 큰 변화가 일어나지 않았다. 돼지감자의 주요 성분인 fructan의 함량은 건조돼지감자 장아찌가 생돼지감자 장아찌보다 전반적으로 높은 경향을 나타내었으며, 저장 4주차에는 생돼지감자와 건조돼지감자 장아찌의 fructan 함량에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 본 연구의 결과, 건조 돼지감자를 활용한 장아찌의 유용성분은 생돼지감자와 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 건조돼지감자를 장아찌로 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다. 건조돼지감자를 상품화하기 위해서는 향후 대량생산을 위한 제조방법의 표준화에 대한 연구가 요구된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.311-319
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는 안동지역의 종가에서 약용식물 및 산채류를 재료로 전통방식으로 제조된 장아찌 15종 및 대형마트에서 판매되는 장아찌 6종을 대상으로 장아찌의 물리화학적 특성과 미생물학적 위해성을 검토하였다. 21종 장아찌의 절임액 및 절임육의 평균 pH는 $3.99{\pm}0.38$ 및 $3.51{\pm}0.41$로 절임육에서 더욱 낮은 pH를 나타내었으며, 절임액 및 절임육의 평균 산도는 각각$1.59{\pm}0.54$ 및 $1.65{\pm}0.76$으로 나타났다. 장아찌의 절임액 및 절임육의 평균 brix는 $27.67{\pm}8.38$ 및 $25.61{\pm}6.60$으로 절임액에서 약간 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 장아찌에서 문제가 되고 있는 평균 염도(%)는 절임액 및 절임육에서 각각 $7.55{\pm}3.26$ 및 $5.75{\pm}2.23$으로 나타났다. 특히 청양고추, 두릅, 어수리, 깻잎, 꾸지뽕, 명이 및 산초 장아찌 절임액에서는 8.8% 이상의 높은 염도를 나타내어, 대형마트의 살균 장아찌 제품보다 2배 이상의 염도를 나타내었다. 그러나 대형마트의 비살균 장아찌 제품의 평균 염도는 $12.45{\pm}0.92$ 및 $9.10{\pm}3.25$로 민간제조 장아찌보다 더욱 높게 나타났다. 21종 장아찌의 색차와 탁도를 측정한 결과, 평균 명도, 적색도 및 황색도는 각각 $31.03{\pm}7.54$, $8.03{\pm}5.09$ 및 $19.12{\pm}4.16$으로 나타났으며, 색차와 탁도는 절임육의 물리적 특성을 반영하고 있었다. 미생물학적 위해평가에서는 21종 장아찌 모두에서 식중독 유해균은 검출되지 않았으며, 총 균수 측정에서는 민간 전통방식으로 제조된 장아찌에 비해 대형마트에서 판매되는 장아찌가 상대적으로 취약하여, 이에 대한 미생물학적 위해관리가 필요함을 확인하였다.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제23권8호
• /
• pp.98-105
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in physicochemical properties of apples pre-treated differently with salt and sugar for apple Jangachi. When salt was used, moisture content was decreased by 28.41% to 57.67% at 24 hours and maintained an average 56.92% after 24 hours. However, when sugar was used, moisture content decreased steadily to 41.14% (60h). The pH of the apple pre-treated with salt decreased from pH 4.42 to pH 3.63 at 12 hours. However, in the case of apples pre-treated with sugar, pH decreased from pH 4.52 to pH 4.19 after 48 hours, but was not statistically significant. Conversely, total acidity of apple pre-treated with salt increased from 11.46% to 0.35% during 72 hours. But total acidity of apple pre-treated with sugar decreased to 0.11% at 24 hours and maintained. Sugar content of apple pre-treated with salt increased to 33.1% at 12 hours and maintained. Conversely, in case of sugar pre-treatment, sugar content of apple pre-treated with sugar increased steadily to 45.12% at 72 hours. Salinity of apple pre-treated with salt increased sharply to 15.74% during 24 hours. Lightness ($L^*$) of apple pre-treated sugar was not different from the control group. But apple pre-treated salt decreased slightly. Yellowness ($b^*$) was higher than the control group regardless of pre-treatment group. Sensory evaluation revealed that sugar pre-treatment apples were highly evaluated for flavor, taste, chewiness and overall acceptance.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.244-248
• /
• 1999

본 연구에서는 식품 중에 사카린나트륨, 안식향산나트륨, 소르빈산칼륨의 사용실태를 알아보고자 시중에서 유통되고 있는 단무지, 곡물튀김과자, 혼합음료 등 총7종 230품목을 대상으로 HPLC에 의해 분석하여 얻은 결과 사카린나트륨은 탄산음료, 과실·채소류 음료, 조미건포류에서 검출되지 않았고 단무지, 장아찌, 곡물튀김과자, 혼합음료에서 N.D.-1234.8mg/kg 범위로 검출되어 곡물튀김과장의 경우 허용하지 않는 사카린나트륨을 사용하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 안식향산나트륨은 단무지, 장아찌, 곡물튀김과자, 과실·채소류음료, 조미건포류에서는 불검출, 혼합음료, 탄산음료에서는 N.D.-663.2 mg/kg이 검출되어있으며 소르빈산 칼륨은 곡물튀김과자, 혼합음료, 탄산음료, 과실 ·채소류 음료등에서 검출되지 않았고 단무지, 장아찌 , 조미건포류에서 N.D.-2725.1 mg/kg이 검출되어 국내허용기준을 초과한 제품이 장아찌 1 품목에서 나타났다. 조사 대상 식품 중 사카린 나트륨이 검출된 곡물 튀김 과자 42품목과 소르빈산칼륨 허용량을 초과한 장아찌 1품목을 제외한 6종 187품목은 사카린나트륨, 안식향산나트륨, 소르빈산칼륨의 사용이 국내 사용기준이내였으며 단무지, 장아찌 등 절임 식품은 대부분이 감미료와 보존료를 병행해서 사용하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.70-77
• /
• 2002

Jangachi(salted and fermented vegetable) has been made by Korean traditionally using several kinds of vegetables, which is a good source of variety of nutrients and vitamins. There are many methods for making Jangachi. Generally soy sauce Jangachi is made through two steps. First, as a pretreatment, vegetables are soaked in salt water. Second, soaked vegetables are fermented in various ingredients like soy sauce, sugar, garlic, ginger and so on. This study was performed to observe changes in contents of chemical components and sensory evaluation of pretreated perilla leaf. Perilla leaf was soaked in water with different levels of salt concentration(2, 5 and 8 %) and soaking time(1, 3 and 5 days). The optimal level of salt and soaking time was determined with the results of sensory evaluation by response surface methodology and analysis of composition. The moisture contents decreased as the levels of salt and soaking time increased. The moisture content of untreated sample was 87.5 % and when soaked for 5 days in the water of 8 % salt concentration, it became 78.27 %. pH of Perilla leaf was high in high levels of salt concentration and short soaking time. Total acidity was so opposite to pH that was low in high levels of salt concentration and short soaking time. In the water of 8 % salt concentration, total acidity was 0.14 % when soaked for 1 day, 0.20 % for 3 days and 0.30 % for 5 days. Salt contents became greater as the soaking time increased. As the results of puncture test, soaked Perilla leaf's toughness increased as the levels of salt increased and soaking time decreased. Among the sensory attributes, greenness increased as the levels of salt concentration increased when soaked for more than 3 days. Saltiness and bitterness became greater as the levels of salt concentration increased. Perilla flavor decreased with the short soaking time. Off-flavor increased with the increased levels of soaking time and decreased salt concentration when soaked for more than 3 days. Toughness decreased as the levels of soaking time increased. Crispness increased with the increased levels of salt concentration. The condition of pretreated Perilla was optimum when it soaked for 42 hours in 4 % salt concentration.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.8-15
• /
• 2009

땅두릅을 이용하여 전래되어온 방법에 따라 된장장아찌, 고추장장아찌를 제조하고 장아찌로서의 적합가능성을 알아보고자 저장기간에 따른 품질특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같았다. pH 및 총산의 변화는 pH가 감소하면 산도는 증가하는 경향으로 담금원에 따라 다소 차이를 보였으며, 염도의 경우 저장 초기에서 1개월까지 급속히 증가하다가 그 이후부터는 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 조금씩 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 색도의 변화는 $CaCl_2$ 처리방법과 담금원에 따라 저장기간별 외관적 품질의 차이가 적게 나타났다. 총균수는 저장 초기 조금씩 증가하기 시작하여 저장 3개월에 급격히 증가하다가 저장 5개월에는 약 $6.6{\times}10^{6}cfu/mL$로 최고치에 이른 후 그 이후에는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 젖산균수의 경우 된장장아찌와 고추장장아찌의 염도가 대조구보다 $CaCl_2$ 용액으로 처리한 처리구가 다소 높게 나타나 본 실험의 결과로부터 젖산균수는 염도가 높을수록 생육이 저해되었다. 저장기간별경도 특성은 저장기간이 증가할수록 증가하다가 다소 감소하는 경향으로 나타났으며 전반적으로 $CaCl_2$ 용액을 첨가한 처리구에서 조직의 경도가 저장기간이 길어질수록 높은 것으로 나타났다. 저장기간별 관능적 특성은 된장 장아찌 보다 고추장장아찌가 더 우수하게 평가되었다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.440-453
• /
• 1998

This study was done to provide basic information for nutrition education and meal planning by analyzing children's food preference. For this purpose, 938 children from eleven elementary schools under meal service were randomly selected in Taejon. The survey was conducted by questionnaires, and data were analyzed by SAS program. Children prefered ssalbap to japkogbap and liked kimbap the best among one dish foods. But their most favorite foods were chajangmyun in noodles, miyeokkuk in soups, and chamchichigae in pot stew. Sixth graders like kimchichigae more than third graders. In the case of chims, children like duejigalbichim, sogalbichim, and dalgyalchim. In the jorim, they prefered duejigogi jangjorim, mechurial jangjorim to any other jorims. The preference of bockum, namul, jangachi, and jotgal is generally low. Children's preference is high in fruit, drink, fried food, one dish food and is low in jangachi, namul, bockum. These results suggest that the preference of foods should be fully taken into consideration in school meal service so that they can eat foods with pleasure. Foods, which are low in preference due to the cooking method, should be prepared with new cooking methods developed specifically for children. 'Even though the preference of food is low to the children, the nutritious foods should be utilized in the school menu. Then, the importance of food intake must be taught to them through nutrition education.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.336-344
• /
• 2001

This treatise deals mainly with the culinary cultures of garlics, a very important condiment in Korea and France. Classified specifically as a condiment in the category of spices, garlic(A. sativum L.) is typically used to season a wide variety of foods, to give the dishes to add a pungent and pleasant flavor, highly characteristic of the delicate seasoning styles of Korean and French cuisine. Garlic is also known to be used as an invigorant. used for medicinal and mystical purposes. In both Korea and France. garlic is used in fresh state, sliced, diced, or crushed. Some examples of traditional Korean dishes using garlic is Tongmaneul Jangachi(garlic in a whole bulb, seasoned in soy sauce), alcoholic liquor of garlic, and red pepper paste with garlic. French cuisine includes garlic in sauces such as Aillade, Vinairette a l'alil, Sauce Pailloti, and in a variety of salads and Cruton, mixed with the local vegetables of every province of the country.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제21권6호통권90호
• /
• pp.800-812
• /
• 2005

This study selected and classified the representative foods for diversifying Korean traditional foods in the globa1 market and derived the superior factor of each food by consumer survey (n=744). The superiority of Korean traditional foods was generally recognized as being in the order of 'Nutritional value' > 'Dietary culture' > 'Material' > 'Taste.' Kimchi, Tteok/Hangwa, and grilled foods were regarded as potent Korean traditional foods for global consumers. The survey about the superior factors of representative Korean traditional foods produced the following results. The superior factor of Bibimbap, Mandu, Jangachi, Joeotgal, Namul muchim Salad, Naengchae, and Ganjang was 'Variety of material or cuisine', that of Bap, Jut Samguetang, Seolleongtang, Kimchi, Doenjang, and Sikcho was 'Nutritional value', that of Naengmyeon, Kalguksu, Bulgogi, Pyeonyuk, Jeongol, Gochujang, Tteot and Sjkhae/Sujeonggwa was Taste', and that of Hangwa, Hwachae, Gujulpan, and Sinsunro was 'Appearance'. The superior factors of representative Korean traditional foods showed the following differences by age and gender, The superior factor in Mandu was 'Taste' by the subjects aged below 30 but 'Variety' by the subjects aged above 30; that in Pyeonyuk and Jeongol was 'Variety' in 31-40 year olds and those aged above 51, while it was 'Taste' in others. The superior factor of Kimchi was 'Nutritional value' by the subjects aged below 40,'Taste'in 41-50 year. olds, and 'Variety' by the subjects aged above 50, that of Namul muchim was 'Nutritional value' by the subjects aged below 20 and 'Variety'by the subjects aged above 20, and that of Naengchae was' Taste'by the subjects aged below 20 and 'Variety' by the subjects aged above 20. The superior factor of Gochujang was 'Taste' by the subjects aged below 50 and 'Variety 'by the subjects aged above 50, that of Ganjang was 'Variety' by the subjects aged below 30 and 'Taste' by the subjects aged above 30, that of Sikcho was 'Variety' by the subjects aged below 30 and 'Nutritional value' by the sutjects aged above 30. The superior factor of Doenjang was 'Nuttritional value' in all ages. The superior factors of Hangwa and Sikhae/Sujeonggwa were 'Appearance' and 'Taste' in all ages, and that of Hwachae was 'Taste' by the subjects aged below 30 and' Appearance' by the subjects aged above 30. The perception by gender was statistically differed for traditional foods such as Bap, Bibimbap, Kalguksu, Bulgogi, Pyeonyuk Jangachi, Gochujang, Ganjang, Sikhae/Sujeonggwa, Hwachae, and Gujulpan.