• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2012

This study is to establish the dwelling principle and architectural characteristics of Powhatan Indian Community in Eastern part of North America. To find a pattern and dwelling principle of town building and housing, I have researched both site survey of Powhatan at Jamestown Settlement in Virginia and a related references of North America Indian. In addition of study, I have tried to understand their life style in 17C, a spatial characteristics of space composition, and a using materials of Yehakin which means Powhatan's house in the exhibition hall of Jamestown Settlement. The results of this paper are as follows: First, the form of Powhatan house is like a longhouse which has two types that are oblong and rectangular house. Usually they had lived in the style of oblong house. Second, there are three patterns to set up the semi-permanent settlement of Powhatan, which are circle-type, street-type, and free-type of village. Third, the fire place of interior space that is most importance element to heat and cook is put it into the center of room, and the other beds and shelves are arranged by the side of wall which is covered of rush matt.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

The aim of this study is to find what architectural restoration and street-scaping conservation of early settlement in Virginia, which have processed on the style of 18th centuries. One of the settlements in Virginia was Williamsburg that located in the high land between Jamestown and Yorktown. In 1698, the capital of Virginia was moved from Jamestown for the safer environment. At that time they constructed the town like a small urban that had a straight-lined Duke Glocester Street, Georgian style buildings, and landscapes of 18th centuries. Before 1928 the village was flown into ruins, but Rector of the church, Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin, understood the value of reservation to restore the village as colonial architectural style that has an original figure. John Rockefeller Jr. has taken part in his restoration of colonial style of architecture and culture. This paper surveyed nine cases of buildings and srtreet-scape on Duke Glocester Street. Most of the buildings on the street have a proposition, balance, and equipment of Georgian architectural facade in 18th centuries. The conclusion has three points. First, the Williamsburg has been reserved as an early colonial settlement through the restoration of architecture and street-scape design. Second, main architectural style is a Georgian form that has a balance, proportion, and simplicity of facade. Also new buildings and additions of architecture have to keep 'Design Review Guideline of Colonial Williamsburg' in order to contribute the existing colonial buildings. Third, the main street-scape, Duke Glocester Street shows Georgian architecture and cultural life pattern with tradition.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2016

The goal of this study is to identify the new Architectural type of house and Landscape design pattern of the collective housing area in American garden city, Midlothian near Richmond of Virginia. I had been surveyed old houses of the Virginia and new single family houses and landscape design style of Mariners village to find a different style of houses and lots. The Richmond, capital city of Virginia, is surrounded by five suburban areas and counties. One of them is the Chesterfield where it has main street of Midlothian garden city. The city of Midlothian has a function of residence area both to stay in the forest garden and to go to downtown office of Richmond. There are a lot of collective housing area out of the capital city. I surveyed house form, lots, and site design pattern of the Mariners village in Midlothian. The community of Mariners shows a particular characteristics and harmonious pattern of suburban residence area in a view point of new project. There are three results of this study as follows: First, the types of house in suburban garden city, Midlothian, are focused on vernacular Colonial style with country house, traditional house, and front gable house form which are an unique new American single home. Second, the landscape design of this collective housing area, the Mariners village, has a unity view of residence community, harmony between house and lots, and a sensitive cul-de-sac pattern and loops type with rational land using based on the forest topology. Third, the Mariners village shows that the design concept of landscape architecture has to consider of traditionalism, naturalism, and living condition of residents.