• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2020

National parks and other protected areas often do not adequately protect national biodiversity because they were originally created for socio-economic and/or aesthetic values. The Korean government has committed to expanding the extent of protected areas to fulfill its commitments to the Aichi Biodiversity Convention. To do so, it is necessary to quantify the current levels of biodiversity representation within existing protected areas and to identify additional conservation needs for vulnerable species and ecological systems. In this study, we assess the proportion of species ranges found in South Korea's protected areas, for the species documented in the 3^rd National Ecosystem Survey. We modeled the range distribution of 3,645 species in the following taxonomic groups; plants (1,545 species), mammals (35), birds (132), herptiles (35), and insects (1,898) using the MaxEnt species distribution model and calculated how much of each species' range is within protected areas. On average, 17.4% of plant species' ranges are represented in protected areas, while for mammals and insects an average 12.0% is currently conserved. Conservation representation for herptiles averages 9.3%, while it is 8.6% for birds. Although large proportions of species that have restricted distributions should be represented in protected areas, 17 plant species, two insects (Parnassius bremeri and Lasioglossum occidens), and one bird species (Phylloscopus inornatus) with ranges smaller than 1,000 ㎢ have less than 10% of their ranges within protected areas. Establishing specific conservation goals such as the protection of endangered species or vulnerable taxonomic groups will increase the efficiency of the biodiversity conservation strategies. In addition, lowland coastal areas are critical for biodiversity conservation because the protected areas in South Korea are mainly composed of high mountainous areas.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.389-396
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• 1994

현존하는 시간의존 완경사방정식으로 Smith와 Sprinks(1975)가 개발한 식(이와 대등한 정확도로 Radder와 Dingemans(1985)가 개발한 식)과 Kubo 등 (1992)이 개발한 식이 있다. 분산관계식과 에너지 전송의 관점에서 시간의존 완경사방정식을 분석하였다. 수평방향으로 1차원적으로 시간의존 완경사방정식의 진폭변조현상을 선형 Scrodinger식과 대비하여 비교하였다. 분산관계식과의 관점에서 보면, Smith와 Sprinks의 모형이 보다 얕은 수심(kh$\leq$0.2$\pi$)에서 더 정확하고 아주 얕은 수심(kh=0)에서는 선형 Scrodinger식을 만족시키는 반면 Kubo 등의 모형은 보다 깊은 수심(kh>0.2$\pi$)에서 더 정확하고 천이영역의 한 지점(kh=0.3$\pi$)에서 선형 Scrodinger식을 만족시킨다. 에너지 전송의 관점에서 보면 Kubo 등의 모형이 더 정확하지만 높은 주파수 영역에서 해가 발산하는 단점이 있다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2003

To enhance the production of heavy chain immunoglobulin G (HC IgG) in the suspension cultures of transgenic tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum), the effects of adding various cytokinins (i.e., growth regulators) and organic nitrogen sources to culture media were investigated. Four different cytokinins including kinetin, isopentenyladenine (IPA), 6-benzylaminepurine (BA), and zeatin were tested with or without dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), which is a typical growth regulator supplemented in the standard Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The productivity of intracellular HC IgG was increased by 36 and $42\%$, compared to the control, especially when IPA (2 mg/l) or BA (0.2 mg/l) was added to the media in the presence of 2,4-D, respectively. In the study of organic nitrogen sources, addition of each casein hydrolysate and tryptone to the culture media at a final concentration of 0.01 and 1 g/l, respectively. increased the productivity or he IgG as much as 68 and $67\%$, respectively, in comparison with the control, which was is MS medium without supplementation of any organic nitrogen sources. This study shows that the optimization of media composition could offer significant improvements in the production of foreign proteins in the suspension cultures of transgenic plants.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.531-539
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• 2019

연구목적: 국내 적층형 물류창고의 스프링클러 설계적용을 위한 수용물품 등급분류방법을 제시함을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법: 현장조사와 미국 NFPA, FMDS, 유럽 EN 및 일본의 분류 기준을 비교분석하고 ISO 12949에 따른 등급별 연소특성 실험을 수행하였다. 연구결과:연소열을 기준으로 특급, 상급, 중급 및 경급의 등급분류방법을 제안하였다. 결론: 물품 등급별 최대 소화강도를 확보하는 스프링클러설계기준의 적용이 필요하다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2012년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.51-52
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• 2012

Safety at sea continues to be an important topic for research. The factors that contribute to safety issues are often complex and unclear. Lack of non-technical skills in such areas as communication, teamworking, situational awareness, decision making etc. are well documented as directly affecting safety in high risk work settings such as on board merchant vessels. Competence in non-technical skills can be affected by various habits and circumstances that influence a worker and result in either positive thinking and behaviour or negative thinking and behaviour. Negative thinking can cause stress, anger, frustration; loneliness etc. and this can possibly result in behaviour or actions that undermine the safety of crew and ship. Factors that may contribute to these negative thoughts and behaviours are many and varied and this paper will be looking at one aspect: mobile phone use. In the Republic of Korea, dependency on mobile phones is uniquely high. Maritime students are also susceptible to such dependency and this paper will demonstrate that the symptoms associated with mobile phone addiction and dependency, and in particular the symptoms of withdrawal, are important factors that need to be mitigated in order to improve safety at sea. Although the benefits of mobile phones are many it will be suggested that over-reliance, dependency or addiction can result in negative thinking or behaviour that may directly or indirectly contribute to the factors that cause incidents and accidents at sea. It will be suggested that the most appropriate method of dealing with this problem is twofold: firstly, through training at the educational level and secondly, by encouraging the shipping industry and government to invest more into providing seafarers with better access to the communication methods that they are used to on shore in order to improve work conditions.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2017

Objectives: Recently, bioceramic sealers like EndoSequence BC Sealer (BC Sealer) have been introduced and are being used in endodontic practice. However, this sealer has limited research related to its retreatability. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the retreatability of two sealers, BC Sealer as compared with AH Plus using micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six extracted human maxillary incisors were instrumented and randomly divided into 4 groups of 14 teeth: 1A, gutta-percha, AH Plus retreated with chloroform; 1B, gutta-percha, AH Plus retreated without chloroform; 2A, gutta-percha, EndoSequence BC Sealer retreated with chloroform; 2B, gutta-percha, EndoSequence BC Sealer retreated without chloroform. Micro-CT scans were taken before and after obturation and retreatment and analyzed for the volume of residual material. The specimens were longitudinally sectioned and digitized images were taken with the dental operating microscope. Data was analyzed using an ANOVA and a post-hoc Tukey test. Fisher exact tests were performed to analyze the ability to regain patency. Results: There was significantly less residual root canal filling material in the AH Plus groups retreated with chloroform as compared to the others. The BC Sealer samples retreated with chloroform had better results than those retreated without chloroform. Furthermore, patency could be re-established in only 14% of teeth in the BC Sealer without chloroform group. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the BC Sealer group had significantly more residual filling material than the AH Plus group regardless of whether or not both sealers were retreated with chloroform.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.235-242
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• 1984

세포분열에 관여하는 유전자중의 하나인 유천자 sep-Penciillin binding protein 3의 유전자를 ${\lambda}607sep^{+2}$로 부터 Plasmid pBR 322에 재조합시켰다. 또한 sep유전자의 발현을 최대화하기 위해서 lac UV 5와 같은 강한 promoter룹 갖고 있는 plasmid pLJ 3에 sep유전자를 재조합시켰으며, sep유전자는 lactose promotor발현에 적절한 방향으로 위치함을 확인하였다. 새로 재조합된 plasmid들의 sep유전자 발현도를 조사하기 위해서 이판 plasmids를 포함하고 있는 세포내에서의 sep mRNA의 합성량이 측정되었다. sep mRNA의 합성량은 sep유전자가 pBR 322내에 있을때, plasmid가 없는 wild type E. coli C 600에 비해 약 25배가 증가하였고, Sep 유전자가 pLJ 3에 있을때, pBR 322내에 있을때 보다 약 50배 가 증가하였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.334-342
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• 2005

The prototype Chlorella virus PBCV-l encodes 11 tRNA genes and over 350 protein-encoding genes in its 330 kbp genome. Initial attempts to overexpress the recombinant A189/192R protein, a putative virus attachment protein, in E. coli strain BL21(DE3) SI were unsuccessful, and multiple protein bands were detected on Western blots. However, the full-length A189/192R recombinant protein or fragments derived from it were detected when they were expressed in E. coli BL21 CodonPlus (DE3) RIL, which contains extra tRNAs. Codon usage analysis of the a189/192r gene showed highly biased usage of the AGA and AVA codons compared to genes encoded by E. coli and Chlorella. In addition, there were biases of XXA/U($56\%$) and XXG/ C($44\%$) in the codons recognized by the viral tRNAs, which correspond to the codon usage bias in the PBCV-1 genome of XXA/U ($63\%$) over those ending in XXC/G ($37\%$). Analysis of the codon usage in the major capsid protein and DNA polymerase showed preferential usage of codons that can be recognized by the viral tRNAs. The Asn (AAC) and Lys (AAG) codons whose corresponding tRNA genes are duplicated in the tRNA gene cluster were the most abundant (i.e., preferred) codons in these two proteins. The tRNA genes encoded in the PBCV-l genome seem to play a very important role during the synthesis of viral proteins through supplementing the tRNAs that are frequently used in viral proteins, but are rare in the host cells. In addition, these tRNAs would help the virus to adapt to a wide range of hosts by providing tRNAs that are rare in the host cells.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2009

유해물질은 다양한 기체 액체 고체형태로 수송될 때 인간의 안전과 건강, 재산에 예측할 수 없는 위험을 야기시킬 수 있는 물질을 의미한다. 유해물질은 실수로 유출된다면 인명과 재산 그리고 환경측면에서 재난을 결과할 수 있다. 한국의 경제가 발전 할수록 유해물질의 사용은 증가한다. 그리고 유해물질 사고의 총 건수와 영향 역시 증가하게 되어 유해물질 사고의 위험도도 증가하고 있다. 다양한 유형의 유해물질이 공급지에서 수요지로 이동할 때 유해물질 사고의 유형과 특성이 어떠한가를 아는 것은 재난관리 측면에서 매우 중요한 사항이다. 본 연구의 목적은 한국에서 유해물질 사고를 발생시키는 유해물질의 유형과 특성을 조사하고, 시설과 교통측면에서 유해물질 사고의 시계열적 추세를 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구는 빈도분석, 교차분석과 같은 통계분석기법을 유해물질 사고의 통계적 유의성을 분석하기 위해 적용하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.203-216
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• 2017

Purpose: This literature review was performed to assess the effect of raisins on human health. Methods: A review of Medline was conducted using the keywords: 'raisins, raisins and health, raisins and cardiovascular disease (CVD), raisins and cancer, raisins and diabetes, raisins and fiber, raisins and colon health, raisins and antioxidants, raisins and inflammation, raisins and dental caries'. The reference lists from previous review articles on raisins and human health and the California Raisin Marketing Board files were reviewed for additional studies. Results: Raisins have one of the highest polyphenolic content and antioxidant ORAC levels compared to other traditional dried fruits. Many of the polyphenols in raisins are well assimilated and bioavailable. Raisin consumption reduces low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, blood pressure and blood sugar, when compared to equal caloric carbohydrate snacks and is associated with a reduced risk of CVD. The anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive effects of raisins are mixed. Raisin consumption reduces intestinal transit time and positively affects gut microbiota. Raisins produce sustained energy during long term athletic competitions equal to traditional sports energy gels, shots and jelly beans. Raisins produce a non-cariogenic oral environment and do not fit the American Academy of Pediatrics criteria to be considered a choking hazard. Conclusions: Based on the review of literature, consumption of raisins provide numerous health benefits for promoting general wellness and in the prevention of many chronic diseases including: CVD, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) gastrointestinal diseases, and dental caries.