• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.240-247
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• 2014

Objective: Undernutrition is common amongst esophageal cancer patients and therefore appropriate nutrition support is critical. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of enteral nutrition (EN) versus parenteral nutrition (PN) is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of EN and PN on the nutritional state and the length of hospital stay for patients who underwent an Ivor-Lewis (IL) esophagectomy. Method: A retrospective clinical analysis was performed that utilized the electronic medical records of patients who underwent IL esophagectomy during a 3-year period between January 2010 and December 2012 at a tertiary teaching hospital located in Seoul, Korea. The EN group and PN group were analyzed by comparing the nutrition supply, postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and weight variation. Results: After an IL esophagectomy, the complication rate between the EN group and PN group was insignificant and the length of hospital stay was significantly shorter for the PN group compared to the EN group (14 vs. 16 days, respectively; p<0.001). At the time of discharge, those in the PN group lost less weight postoperatively (p=0.003). Conclusion: PN may be considered as safe nutrition support for esophageal cancer patients who underwent an esophagectomy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.193-196
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• 2004

Ivor Lewis 수술 후에 발생하는 위기관지 누공은 매우 드물지만 위중한 합병증이다. 본 증례는 식도암환자에서 Ivor Lewis 수술 후 15개월째에 발생한 위기관지 누공에 대하여 단 단계 교정술을 시행한 것으로, 먼저 위식도 누공을 분리한 후 기관지 부위와 위 부위의 결손을 직접 봉합했고, 대망편과 5번째 늑간근편을 이용하여 봉합된 결손부위 사이를 보강하였다. 본원에서 시행한 식도 절제술 후의 합병증으로 발생한 위기관지 누공에 대한 치료로 좋은 결과를 보였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.49-52
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• 1999

58세 남자가 5개월 전부터 시작된 상복부 불쾌감과 연하곤란을 주소로 입원하였다. 입원후 시행한 검사상 중흉부(mid thoracic level)의 식도암으로 확인되어 식도암 적출술(Ivor Lewis 술식)을 시행하였다. 수술후 특별한 문제없이 지내던중 술후 20일째부터 기침, 객담, 열, 오한이 시작되면서 술후 22일부터는 상복부 통증 및 전반적 복부압통이 시작되어 시행한 식도위 내시경 검사에서 위-공동 누공으로 확인되어 응급 수술 시행하였다. 수술시 위튜브(Gastric tube)의 잔여 위저부(Fundus)와 우측상엽의 농양성 공동이 누공으로 직접 연결되어 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 활동성 위궤양에 의한 위튜브(Gastric tube)의 분해(Resolution)에 의해서 발생한 위-공동 누공으로 확인되어 문헌고찰과 더불어 발표하는 바이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.313-316
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• 2014

Airway obstruction after esophageal surgery is quite rare, and few such cases have been reported. A 57-year-old woman who underwent the Ivor Lewis procedure for esophageal carcinoma complained of a sudden onset of severe dyspnea on postoperative day 3. Chest computed tomography scan revealed that the collection of a large volume of mediastinal fluid caused marked luminal compression on the trachea and the gastric conduit. Explorative thoracotomy revealed a clear serous fluid in the space between the trachea and the gastric conduit, and all respiratory symptoms were relieved after the fluid was drained. The possibility of tracheal compression by loculated effusion, such as chyloma, should be considered in a patient who complains of respiratory deterioration after esophageal surgery.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.362-366
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• 2023

The stomach has become the most commonly used site for grafts to replace the esophagus in esophageal cancer surgery because of its good blood supply and ability to enable single-reconstruction anastomosis. However, anastomotic failure is a serious complication after esophageal cancer surgery. Unlike anastomotic leakage due to local ischemia, gastric tube necrosis is a life-threatening condition with a high mortality rate. Gastric tube necrosis involves extensive ischemia due to a decreased blood supply, and an urgent operation is mandatory in most cases. Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) has been used for anastomotic leakage after esophageal surgery. In recent years, it has been successfully used for more extensive disease, including large esophageal perforation as an indication for reoperation. Hence, we report a case of extensive gastric tube necrosis treated by EVT after an Ivor Lewis operation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.189-193
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• 2001

위기관지 누공은 매우 드문 질환으로 대부분의 경우 외상, 상부위장관 수술, 횡경막하 농양, 양성 위궤양, 신생물 등 이 원인으로 생각된다. 식도암의 Ivor Lewis 수술후 2년과 3년에 양성 위궤양으로 인해 발생한 재발성 위기관지 누공 1예를 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2016

Background: Barium swallow is performed following esophagectomy to evaluate the anastomosis for detection of leaks and to assess the emptying of the gastric conduit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the barium swallow study in diagnosing anastomotic leaks following esophagectomy. Methods: Patients who underwent esophagectomy from January 2000 to December 2013 at our institution were investigated. Barium swallow was routinely done between days 5-7 to detect a leak. These results were compared to clinically determined leaks (defined by neck wound infection requiring jejunal feeds and or parenteral nutrition) during the postoperative period. The sensitivity and specificity of barium swallow in diagnosing clinically significant anastomotic leaks was determined. Results: A total of 395 esophagectomies were performed (mean age, 62.2 years). The indications for the esophagectomy were as follows: malignancy (n=320), high-grade dysplasia (n=14), perforation (n=27), benign stricture (n=7), achalasia (n=16), and other (n=11). A variety of techniques were used including transhiatal (n=351), McKeown (n=35), and Ivor Lewis (n=9) esophagectomies. Operative mortality was 2.8% (n=11). Three hundred and sixty-eight patients (93%) underwent barium swallow study after esophagectomy. Clinically significant anastomotic leak was identified in 36 patients (9.8%). Barium swallow was able to detect only 13/36 clinically significant leaks. The sensitivity of the swallow in diagnosing a leak was 36% and specificity was 97%. The positive and negative predictive values of barium swallow study in detecting leaks were 59% and 93%, respectively. Conclusion: Barium swallow is an insensitive but specific test for detecting leaks at the cervical anastomotic site after esophagectomy.

• 대한종양외과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2018

Purpose: The standard treatment of esophageal cancer is the Ivor-Lewis operation, which consists of an abdominal phase involving gastric tube formation, and a chest phase involving esophagectomy and anastomosis. We aimed to report our experience of performing thoracic esophagectomy with the laparoscopic gastric pull up (LGPU) technique and its surgical outcomes. Methods: Clinicopathologic data and short-term surgical outcomes of 14 patients who underwent LGPU for thoracic esophageal cancer from August 2008 to May 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Mean age of the patients was 62.3 years and mean body mass index was $21.7kg/m^2$. Eleven patients had medical comorbidities. Patients' mean American Society of Anesthesiologists score was 2. Mean operation time was 428.5 minutes, with the mean abdominal operation time being 138.9 minutes. There was no open conversion case. Three patients had pneumonia, three patients had surgical site infection, and one patient had subcutaneous emphysema within 30 days after surgery. One patient had minor anastomosis site leakage. There was one 30-day mortality case. One patient with postoperative aspiration pneumonia developed acute respiratory distress disease, and died due to sepsis. Mean postoperative intensive care unit stay was 3.5 days, and mean postoperative hospital stay was 20.6 days. Nasogastric tubes were removed on average at 3.4 days, and mean oral intake time was 3.4 days. Conclusion: If the gastrointestinal surgeon has extensive experience in laparoscopic procedures, LGPU will be a safe and feasible technique for thoracic esophagectomy in patients with intrathoracic esophageal cancer.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.296-302
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• 2002

목적: 흉부식도암환자의 식도절제술 방법에 있어 표준술식은 흉부와 복부를 통한 술식으로 여겨지고 있다. 그러나 우측 개흉과 더불어 흉부와 복부를 통한 Ivor-Lewis 술식(ILO)과 식도열공을 통한 transhiatal esophagectomy술식(THO)간에 논란이 많다. THO 술식은 수술시간, 이환률, 사망률, 재원기간 등에 좀 더 좋은 결과을 얻을 수 있다고 하나, ILO술식에 비해 전이된 임파선 제거에는 부정적인 견해가 많은 것은 사실이 다. 이에 본 연구는 식도열중을 통한 식도절제술과 개흉술을 통한 식도절제술의 여러 결과들을 비교 분석하였다. 방법: 계명대학교 의과대학 흉부외과에서는 1993년 1월부터 2001년 7월까지 식도암 환자 103례에서 식도암절제를 시행한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 그 중 식도열공을 통한 절제술을 시행(THO)한 환자 27례와 우측개흉을 통한 절제술을 시행(ILO)한 환자 45례를 각각 두 군으로 나누어 술 전, 술 후 결과를 가지고 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 남녀비는 THO군 27례와 ILO군 45례에서 각각 1명씩 여자였으며, 조직학적으로는 THO 군에서 2례, ILO군 1례에서 선암이었고 나머지 모두 편평 상피암이었다. 술 전 나이와 성별, 폐기능, 조직소견, 병기, 식도암 위치에서는 두 군간의 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 식도암 길이와 수술시간에 대해서는 THO군 3.81 cm, 354분, ILO 군 5.31 cm, 453분으로 각각 두 군간의 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.01, 0.001). 그리고 합병증 중 호흡기계에 관련된 합병증이 THO 군 11.1%, ILO 군 35.6%로 두 군간의 유의한 차이가 있었다. (P<0.05). 술증과 수술 직후의 수혈양, 술 후 재원일수, 합병증률, 문합부위 누출 및 문합부위 협착, 병원 사망률에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 두 군에서 5년 생존률은 각각 37%로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구에서는 병원 사망률, 술 후 합병증률, 장기 생존률 등에는 두 방법간에 유의한 차이가 없다는 결론을 얻었으나, 술 후에 병원사망률과 연관 있는 중요한 합병증 중에 하나인 호흡기계 합병증은 ILO 술식에서 의미있게 높게 나타났다. 그러므로 식도열공을 통한 식도절제술은 주변 장기에 침범이 없고 암의 길이가 비교적 짧고 술 전 전신상태가 좋지 않아 호흡기계 합병증 등이 우려되는 환자에게 선택적으로 시행한다면 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있으리라 사료된다. 그리고 두 술식은 집도외간의 기호와 경험에도 좌우될 수 있다고 하겠다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.536-541
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• 1996

Between June 1988 and June 1994, twenty five patients with locAlly advanced esophageal carcinoma received preoperative chemotherapy (Cisplatln, 5-Fluorouracil with or without Etoposide) and followed by resection. All patients had clinical evidence of airway involvement or distant Iymphnode involve- ment (M 1 Iymphnode) on bronchoscopy or computed tomographic scans. The major response rate to chemotherapy decided by the postoperative stage was 48% (12125). The resection rate was 92% (23/25) with overall complete resection rate of 72% (18125). Two patients had exploratory laparotomy (thorn- cotomy) only. Thirteen patients had esophagogastrostomy with a combined abdominl and Rt. thoracic approach (Ivor Lewis operation), slx pAtients had transhiatal esophagectomy, four patients had esophagogastrostomy with a combined Rt. thoracotonly & abdominal, cervical approach. There were three postoperative deaths (12%). Follow-up duration was between 3.3 months to 65 months. Median survival ime of resected patients except hospital death was 14.8 months. Actuarial survival at 12, 24 months was 72.9%, 26.2%. Signifi- cant better survival was associated with responder group (postoperative stage less than lIB) (P=0.029). These results demonstrate that 1) Preoperative Cisplatin based combined chemotherapy Produce high response rate, 2) High complete resection rate with acceptable mortality rate occur after preoperative chemotherapy, 3) Better surviL dl can be anticipated if complete resection performed after major re- sponse to preoperative chemotherapy.