• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.31-34
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• 2001

When root initiation ratio of cut Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) stems was examined in several medium conditions containing different IBA concentration, most higher root initiation ratio was confirmed at 1.0 mg/$\ell$ of IBA and the ratio was 37.5%. When cut Italian ryegrass stems were treated in cold chamber at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 40 days and incubated in growth chamber at 26$^{\circ}C$ for 1 month, the root iniation result was 0.0% at MS-0 medium, 8.3% at MS-0.5IBA medium, 37.5% at MS-1.0IBA medium, 16.7% at MS-1.5IBA medium and 12.5% at MS-2.0IBA medium.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.121-126
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• 2019

This experiment was conducted to breed a very early maturing variety of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 2015-2017. The new variety of Italian ryegrass, 'Green call 2ho' is a diploid variety with green in leaf color and has semi-erect growth habit in late autumn and erect growth habit in early spring, 'Green call 2ho' was in heading date as a early-maturing variety April 24. Also 'Green call 2ho' was narrower by 2 mm in flag leaf width, longer by 2.5 cm in flag leaf length and shorter by 3 cm in plant height than those of the control variety, 'Florida 80', respectively. 'Green call 2ho' was also thicker by 0.33 mm in stem thickness and strong in winter hardness. Dry matter (DM) yield (11,688 kg/ha) of 'Green call 2ho' was 7% higher than that of 'Florida 80'. Total digestible nutrient (TDN), crude protein (CP) and relative feed value (RFV) of 'Green call 2ho' were 61.3 %, 9.8 % and 98.2, respectively which are 2.6, 0.6, and 8.4 % higher, respectively than those of 'Florida 80', respectively. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of 'Green call 2ho' were 34.9 and 58.5 % which are 3.3 and 2.7 % lower than those of 'Florida 80', respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.188-194
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the forage characteristics of very early-maturing Italian ryegrass (IRG) three cultivars within September, 2021 to July, 2022 in Cheonan, Korea. We used three different cultivars of Italian ryegrass in this study "Greenfarm" "Greenfarm2ho" and "Greenfarm3ho" The results of heading date in this study, "Greenfarm" was recorded 3 days earlier than the other two cultivars, and its lodge tolerance score was the highest among the three. However, in case of plant length, there was no significantly difference in whole cultivars, in addition disease resistance, insect resistance and cold tolerance were not significantly different in three cultivars. The forage productivity of "Greenfarm2ho" was recorded the highest, especially the 1^st harvesting of "Greenfarm2ho" yielded significantly the highest and superior to other varieties. As a result of feed value analysis, three cultivars were generally superior to overseas varieties and in particular, "Greenfarm2ho" was recorded to have excellent value because of the lowest NDF and ADF content. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in crude protein content among three varieties. In case of the monosaccharides content "Greenfarm3ho" had significantly higher glucose content than other two varieties, therefore the "Greenfarm" has advantage for preparing high quality of silage. In contrast, there was no significant difference among three varieties in fructose content.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.222-228
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of waterlogging stress on the physiological response and growth characteristics of the five Italian ryegrass varieties. For all varieties, the germination rate of seed decreased by 10-15% as the waterlogging period increased, but the waterlogging stress treatment after the early seedling stage increased the growth of shoot and root length. Photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) according to waterlogging stress treatment decreased in all vareity, and Florida 80 showed the least decrease with 1.5%. Waterlogging stress treatment was found to reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (malondialdehyde, MDA) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. These results suggest that other mechanisms may be involved in the defense mechanism of Italian ryegrass against waterlogging stress, such as promoting root growth to escape from waterlogging stress, in addition to the antioxidant enzyme system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.129-129
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• 2022

The production area of Italian ryegrass feed is gradually increasing and labor-saving technologies are being developed. If sowing and fertilization are carried out agricultural drones, working hours and labor are reduced. The purpose of this study is to suggest an appropriate seedling amount for feed production by drone spreading of Italian ryegrass in spring. In addition, we would like to review the productivity of the drone seeding machine that is being developed by Rural Development Administration(RDA) of Korea. Italian ryegrass was sown by a drone in February at the NICS located in Gyehwa-hwa, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea. In Experiment 1, 50kg/ha, 60, 70, and 80 seeding rates were sown with a horizontal spreader drone. In Experiment 2, uniform spreaders type drone and horizontal spreader type were sown with the same seeding amount and compared. The drone was sown using the AF-52 aircraft. The higher the seeding amount, the higher the emergence rate. As the seeding amount increased, the plant length increased, but the number of tillers per individual decreased. The dry matter weight of the feed was the highest at 1,326kg/10a at the seeding rate of 70kg/ha, and decreased by 20.5% at the seeding rate of 80kg/ha. The coverage ratio was the highest at 96 at the seeding rate of 70kg/ha, which was the most advantageous for spring sowing. In the comparative experiment according to the spreader type, the uniform spreader had a high emergence rate per unit area. When the uniform spreader was used, the dry matter weight of the feed was 17% higher than that of the horizontal one, and the coverage was about 5% higher.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.167-167
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• 2022

Seed production of italian ryegrass has a problem of lodging during ripening and a decrease in quality due to difficulty in drying seeds during harvest. Therefore, in order to produce high-quality Italian ryegrass in paddy fields, it was carried out to reduce the density and solve the lodging problem through transplanting. In this experiment, Lolium multiflorum cv. Kowinearly was transplanted in autumn from a paddy field in Sindong-ri, Gwansan-eup, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do. var. Kowinearly was made into a bed at 90 g/box and stacked in boxes. It was transplanted on October 27th after 2 days of germination at 30℃ and 15 days of seedling and greening. When transplanting, they were transplanted at intervals of 30×14cm. The existing cultivation method, drill seedling, was sowed at a level of 50 kg/ha, and both transplanting and drilling were carried out at a nitrogen fertilization rate of 45 kg/ha. The number of ears during transplant cultivation was 1,016/m² and the drilling tended to be higher at 2,278/m², but this was probably due to the difference in seeding amount. The seed number of an ear tended to be 56% higher in transplantation, which had a significant impact on yield. The seed yield was 2,096 ka/ha in transplantation, which was 21% higher than that of drilling. When looking at the relationship with weed occurrence, there were areas where all the weeds, such as amul foxtail, occurred due to the low density. Even in the same transplanting area, the seed yield was about 1,000kg/ha less in the area where the weeds were abundant. It seems that weed management is important in paddy cultivation. Therefore, it seems necessary to develop an exclusive herbicide for Italian ryegrass cultivation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.18-28
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• 1978

To study about the effect of harvested stage and physical treatment such as wilting or chopping of plant material on the quality of silage, Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum) harvested at pre-headed or heading stage and Seombadi(Dystaenia takesimana Nakai) harvested at pre-flowering stage, were used for the purpose. The materials were treated in four different ways which were a) non-treated, b) one day-wilted, c) chopped with 1 to 2cm length and d) wilted and chopped, and those were ensiled in plastic containers and stored at room temperature for three months. After three months of storage, it was investigated and obtained the following results. 1) Having 6.31 of NFE/CP ratio and low content of crude fiber, Seombadi contained more suitable constituents for silage than Italian ryegrass. 2) Under the non-treated or chopped condition, the loss of NFE was higher, and lower with wilted material. 3) Wilting or chopping improved DM digestibility. 4) Compared with Italian ryegrass harvested at pre-headed stage, the storage amount per unit volume of heading stage-Italian ryegrass and Seombadi were higher 8% and 69% respectively, and wilting and/or chopping increased the storage amount 41 to 134%. 5) The majority of weight loss during storage was observed at 1st week after ensiling, it continued slightly until 4th week. The highest loss in 8th week were 3.76% of nontreated material. 6) One day wilting increased DM content of silage 23 to 131%. Wilting and chopping increased pH and lactic acid improved the quality considerably. 7) The correlation between $NH_3$ and butyric acid, and between lactic acid and DM were r=0.782**, r=0.634** respectively. The regression equation were y=12.853X+4.908 (X=butyric acid), y=0.016X+1.309(X=DM content), respectively. 8. The above results indicate that it is necessary to wilt or chop material to make good quality silage from Italian ryegrass, and such treatment can improve the quality of silage with Seombadi also.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1994

This experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the chemical composition and rumen degradation characteristics of Italian ryegrass harvested at three different growth stages, i,e. pre-blooming, early-blooming and late-blooming. Degradation values were obtained by incubation of the samples using the nylon bag technique on the rumen of sheep fed a normal diet (Timothy hay with 200 g/d concentrate per head) for 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. Neutral detergent fiver (NDF) content was highest at late-blooming (64.4%) while no difference was found among the pre-blooming and early-blooming (49.4% vs 48.3%). However, acid detergent fiber (ADF) content markedly increased from 30.0% at pre-blooming to 35.4% and 46.4% at early-blooming and late-blooming, respectively. Lignin and silica contents also increased as advancing maturity of the grass, Rumen degradation of dry matter (DM) significantly reduced (p < 0.05) as advancing maturity of the grass. Ruman degradation cellulose and ADF at pre-blooming were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of early-blooming and late-blooming. However, no significant differences were observed among the early-blooming and late-blooming. With advancing maturity, rumen degradation of NDF and hemicellulose significantly reduced (p < 0.05) at the incubation times.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 1996

Three stages of growth of Italian ryegrass (pre-blooming, P-B; early-blooming, E-B; and late-blooming, L-B) were used to evaluate the effect of maturity on in vitro digestion of dry matter, fiber components and gas production. The rumen digestibility and gas production values were obtained by incubation of each sample in the rumen fluid of sheep for 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hr, respectively. The results showed that digestibility of dry matter (DM) significantly reduced (p < 0.05) as advancing maturity of the grass. Similarly, the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) also significantly decreased (p < 0.05) with advancing maturity at all incubation times. However, the effect of maturity on digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose was only detected when the samples were incubated more than 36 hr, where L-B was lower than P-B and E-B. Potential digestibility of nutrients, the maximum digestibility attainable in the rumen theoretically, was also higher at P-B than those of E-B and L-B. The amount of gas produced by microbial fermentation was closely related to the extent of DM digestion, and it was negatively correlated with advancing maturity of the grass.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.531-536
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• 1999

This study was conducted to compare the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or LAB+cellulases on the cell wall compositions and the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of Rhodesgrass (RG) and Italian ryegrass (IRG) silages. LAB (Lactobacillus cassei) at a concentration of $10{\times}10^5\;cfu.g^{-1}$ fresh forage was added to all ensiling samples (except the untreated control) of RG and IRG. The cellulases used were Acremoniumcellulase (A), Meicelase (M) or a mixture of both (AM). Each cellulase was applied at levels of 0.005, 0.01 and 0.02 % fresh sample. The samples were incubated at 20, 30 and $40^{\circ}C$ for about 2 months of storage. LAB inoculation did not affect cell wall components or IVDMD of both the RG and IRG silages, but LAB+cellulase treatments did. Increasing the amount of cellulase addition resulted in further decreases of cell wall concentrations. This reduction more markedly occurred with cellulases A and AM than it did with cellulase M. Cell wall components losses were higher in the IRG silages than in the RG silages. LAB+cellulase treatments decreased IVDMD of the RG silages, but had no effect on the IRG silages. The different effect of LAB+cellulase treatments on cell wall degradation and IVDMD of the RG and IRG silages suggested that RG contains more structural carbohydrates, which were difficult to degrade with cellulase, than did IRG.