• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2007

In this study, we used the method of guanidin isothiocyanate and boiling with Chelex-100 resin to extract genomic DNA of Ralstonia solanacearum from soil. It is more efficient than general protocols to remove inhibitory compounds in soil and R. solanacearum on. Then, we applied polymerase chain reaction and DNA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to identify and detect pathogen. The fliC gene of R. solanacearum was selected for specific detection of pathogen and primer sets were designed. Among the primer sets, two specific and sensitive primer sets, RsolfliC(forward: 5-GAACGCCAACGGTGCGAACT-3 and reverse; 5-GGCGGCCTTCAGGGAGGTC-3, designed by J. $Sch\ddot{o}nfeld$ et al.) and RS_247 (forward: 5-GGCGGTCTGTCGGCRG-3 and reverse; 5-CGGTCGCGTTGGCAAC-3 designed by this study), were designed to perform nested PCR. Nested PCR primer was labeled with biotin for hybridization between nested PCR product and probe to analyze with DNA ELISA.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.624-629
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• 2000

A simple and rapid homogeneous enzyme-linked binding assay for mistletoe lectin I(ML I) was developed using a coupled enzyme system of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and D-galactose. A highly substituted MDH-galactose conjugate was prepared by employing an isothiocyanate method for formation of thiourea bond. In the presence of ML I, ML I inhibits the activity of the conjugate based on the ML I/D-galactose specific interaction. Thus, the concentration of ML I can be related to the homogeneous inhibition of the MDH-galactose conjugate. Using this method. ML I can be measured at the level of microgram per milliliter within 10 minutes.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.441-448
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• 2007

In this study, the fiber-optic fluoro-immunosensor was designed to detect foodborne pathogens. The fabricated system is composed of the multimode optical fiber on which antibodies are immobilized. Then, a sandwich immunoassay is applied to the fabricated the fiber-optic fluoro-immunosensor. In the "sandwich" binding format, a primary or "capture" antibody is immobilized on the core surface of the multimode optical fiber and a secondary or named as "tracer" antibody is added to the bulk solution. A tracer is labeled FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate; ${\lambda}ex$=492 nm, ${\lambda}em$= 520 nm). Different concentrations of antigens are tested in different fibers. The detection limit of the fabricated system is 5.08×103 cfu/ml for Vibrio antigen and $0.1{\mu}g/ml$, $0.05{\mu}g/ml$ in non-labeled monolayer phosphate buffered saline (NMP), non-labeled monolayer carbonate bicarbonate buffer (NMC), respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.882-887
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• 1997

Quantitative determination of sulforaphane, S-methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate in 20 cruciferous vegetables of Korean origin was performed. Homogenate of vegetable was extracted with dichloromethane, and the extract, after drying, was subjected to GC/MS analysis, which was based on single ion monitoring (SIM) at m/z 72, 160, 55, 114 and 177. The content of sulforaphane was found to be the highest in the extract of broccoli $(80.2{\sim}617.7\;ppm)$ followed by turnip $(15.4{\sim}23.1\;ppm)$, red cabbage $(9.9{\sim}32.1\;ppm),\;radish\;(5.5{\sim}8.8\;ppm)$ and kale (8 ppm). Among various cultivars of broccoli, broccoli '1243' and broccoli 'Pilgrim' showed higher content of sulforaphane than others. Especially, in the stem of broccoli '1243' and the floret of broccoli 'Pilgrim' the amount of sulforaphane was the highest (>700 ppm). Thus, the content of sulforaphane differed according to the cultivars and the portion of the vegetables.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.1044-1050
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• 2005

The reaction of cis-[Cr([14]-decane)($OH_2)_2]^+$ ([14]-decane = rac-5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-teraazacyclotetradecane) with auxiliary ligands {$L_a$ = isothiocyanate ($NCS^-$), azide ($N3^-$) or chloroacetate(caa)} leads to a new cis-[Cr([14]-decane)($NCS)_2]ClO_4{\cdot}H_2O$ (1), cis-[Cr([14]-decane)($N_3)_2]ClO_4$ (2) or cis-[Cr([14]-decane)($caa)_2]ClO_4$ (3). These complexes have been characterized by a combination of elemental analysis, conductivity, IR and Vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. Analysis of the crystal structure of cis-[Cr([14]-decane)($NCS)_2]ClO_4{\cdot}H_2O$ reveals that central chromium(III) has a distorted octahedral coordination environment and two $NCS^-$anions are bonded to the chromium(III) ion via the Ndonor atom in the cis positions. The angle $N_{axial}-Cr-N_{axial}$ deviates by 13$^{\circ}$ from the ideal value of 180$^{\circ}$ for a perfect octahedron. The bond angle N-Cr-N between the Cr(III) ion and the two nitrogen atoms of the isothiocyanate ligands is close to 90$^{\circ}$. The bond lengths of Cr-N between the chromium and $NCS^-$groups are 1.964(5) and 2.000(5) $\AA$. They are shorter than those between chromium and nitrogen atoms of the macrocycle. The IR spectra of 1, 2 and 3 display bands at 2073, 1344 and 1684 $cm^{-1}$ attributed to the $NCS^-$, ${N_3}^-$ and caa groups stretching vibrations, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.481-492
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• 2020

The present study aimed to examine the effect of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to investigate whether upregulation of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) associated with the activation of the PARK7 (DJ-1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) axis. Lung function indexes and histopathological changes in mice were assessed by lung function detection and H&E staining. The expression levels of Nrf2, MRP1, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and DJ-1 were determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Next, the expression of DJ-1 in human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells was silenced by siRNA, and the effect of DJ-1 expression level on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-stimulated protein degradation and AITC-induced protein expression was examined. The expression of DJ-1, Nrf2, HO-1, and MRP1 was significantly decreased in the wild type model group, while the expression of each protein was significantly increased after administration of AITC. Silencing the expression of DJ-1 in 16HBE cells accelerated CSE-induced protein degradation, and significantly attenuated the AITC-induced mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2 and MRP1. The present study describes a novel mechanism by which AITC induces MRP1 expression by protecting against CS/CSE-mediated DJ-1 protein degradation via activation of the DJ-1/Nrf2 axis.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.232-238
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• 2004

MPEG-PCL diblock copolymers consisting of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) and $\varepsilon$-caprolactone (CL) as drug carriers were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization MPEG-PCL diblock copolymers were characterized by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. After freeze milling of block copolymers and albumin bovine-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-BSA) as model protein, the wafers loaded FITC-BSA were fabricated by direct compression method. The release profiles of FITC-BSA were examined using pH 7.4 PBS for 14 days at 37$^{\circ}C$. The release amount was determined by fluorescence intensity by using the fluorescence spectrophotometer. The morphological change of wafers was observed by digital camera and scanning electron microscope. The release rate and initial burst of BSA increased with increasing PEG molecular weights and decreasing PCL molecular weights in the segments of MPEG -PCL diblock copolymers.

• The Korean journal of internal medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.146-155
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• 2019

Background/Aims: Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a uremic toxin and an important causative factor in the progression of chronic kidney disease. Recently, paricalcitol (19-nor-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2) was shown to exhibit protective effects in kidney injury. Here, we investigated the effects of paricalcitol treatment on IS-induced renal tubular injury. Methods: The fluorescent dye 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate was used to measure intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) following IS administration in human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. The effects of IS on cell viability were determined using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays and levels of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2-associated protein X [Bax] and B-cell lymphoma 2 [Bcl-2]), nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) p65, and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase B (Akt) were determined by semiquantitative immunoblotting. The promoter activity of $NF-{\kappa}B$ was measured by luciferase assays and apoptosis was determined by f low cytometry of cells stained with f luorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Annexin V protein. Results: IS treatment increased ROS production, decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in HK-2 cells. IS treatment increased the expression of apoptosis-related protein Bax, decreased Bcl-2 expression, and activated phosphorylation of MAPK, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, and Akt. In contrast, paricalcitol treatment decreased Bax expression, increased Bcl-2 expression, and inhibited phosphorylation of MAPK, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, and Akt in HK-2 cells. $NF-{\kappa}B$ promoter activity was increased following IS, administration and was counteracted by pretreatment with paricalcitol. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis revealed that IS-induced apoptosis was attenuated by paricalcitol treatment, which resulted in decreased numbers of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Annexin V positive cells. Conclusions: Treatment with paricalcitol inhibited IS-induced apoptosis by regulating MAPK, $NF-{\kappa}B$, and Akt signaling pathway in HK-2 cells.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mustard, which contains allyl isothiocyanate, on ruminal fermentation and methane emission in vitro. To this end, diluted ruminal fluid(30ml) was incubated anaerobically at $39^{\circ}C$ or 6, 12, and 24 h with or without seeds or powdered mustard. Either mustard seed or powdered mustard was weighed and serially (0, 3.33, 5.00, 6.67, and 8.33 g/L) mixed with ruminal fluid. Ammonia-N was increased (P < 0.05) by mustard treatment in a dose dependent manner. Regardless of concentration or form, mustard increased (P < 0.05) total VFA content but decreased (P < 0.01) pH compared to control group. Molar proportion of acetate (A) was decreased (P < 0.05) whereas propionate (P) was increased (P < 0.05) by mustard treatment, thereby A:P ratio was decreased (P < 0.05) compared to control group. Total gas production was increased (P < 0.01) in a linear manner by mustard treatment compared to control group. There was no effect of mustard powder, except 8.33 g/L level at 6 h, on methane emission. However, at 24 h, methane emission was reduced (P < 0.05) by 4.77% and 11.54% with 6.67 g/L and 8.33 g/L of mustard seeds supplementation, respectively. Altogether, these results suggest that mustard seeds containing allyl isothiocyanate may reduce methane production without disturbing ruminal fermentation.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.354-360
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• 2019

In order to extend the shelf life of Wasabi paste, the effects of citric acid were confirmed at $35^{\circ}C$ for 28 days. Citric acid-treated groups contained citric acid in amounts of 0.05, 0.10, 0.17, 0.30, and 0.40%, respectively. Quality characteristics of Wasabi pastes were determined in pH, titratable acidity, soluble solid content, color values, microbial analysis (aerobic bacteria, yeast), gas production, and content of allyl isothiocyanate. The pH and titratable acidities of Wasabi pastes added with citric acid were indicated as 4.03-5.19 and 4.23-4.82%, respectively. Soluble solid content was significantly different according to concentrations of citric acid. L values showed the highest at $50.05{\pm}0.46$. a and b values were increased during the storage period. Total aerobic bacteria and yeast counts of Wasabi pastes were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Gas production from Wasabi pastes showed at 19.55-19.80 mL/tube after 28 days of storage. The addition of citric acid (0.3% or more) to the Wasabi paste resulted in increased storage stability.