• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.163-167
• /
• 2020

Purpose: Unilateral strength training effects on contralateral sides have been demonstrated in previous studies for lower extremity exercise, upper extremity exercise, and unilateral surface electrical stimulation. This study was performed to investigate the effects of unilateral ankle training on muscle strength and the balance of contralateral lower extremity in healthy adults. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects were randomized equally to a training or a control group. Those in the training group received unilateral ankle isokinetic strengthening training of the dominant leg (right side) for 4 weeks. Contralateral single-limb balance, including Anterio-Posterior Stability Index (APSI), Medio-Lateral Stability Index (MLSI) and Overall Stability Index (OSI), was assessed before and after intervention. Results: Comparison of pre- and post-test data revealed significant improvements in ipsi- and contralateral ankle strengths, and significant improvement in contralateral single limb balance. Conclusion: These results have practical implications because they demonstrate that unilateral ankle isokinetic exercise improves ankle muscle strength and balance ability of contralateral lower extremity.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.201-205
• /
• 2023

Objective: Resistance exercise is a necessary element to improve quality of life, and measurement and evaluation of muscle strength provide important information for prescription and management of rehabilitation and exercise programs. This study analyzed the correlation between direct and indirect 1RM for isokinetic maximum torque of the knee joint in order to provide useful information in the field of exercise programs. In addition, the flexion-extension ratio and the difference in left-right deviation were verified. Design: A cross-sectional study Methods: The subjects of this study were 33 healthy adult men and women without medical problems who participated in the health exercise class program at S University in Seoul. The correlation between isokinetic maximum torque and direct and indirect 1RM was analyzed, and a dependent t-test was performed to analyze the flexion-extension ratio and left-right deviation. Results: There was a high correlation between the isokinetic maximum torque and direct and indirect 1RM, and no statistically significant difference was shown between the test methods in the analysis of the flexion-extension ratio and left-right deviation. Conclusions: Isokinetic muscle function measuring equipment is expensive, so it is difficult to use it in local exercise rehabilitation and training sites. Through this study, it was found that direct and indirect 1RM isokinetic maximum torque showed a high correlation, and there was no difference in evaluating muscle function such as flexion-extension ratio and left-right deviation. Therefore, it is considered that the muscle function evaluation using 1RM in general field can be usefully utilized.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the level of physical fitness and isokinetic strength, between EMT student and physical education students. Nine a major in EMT student volunteers, and nine a major in physical education student volunteers participated in that study as subjects. The basic physical body composition, fitness and isokinetic strength were measured. The data obtained in the study was analyzed by SPSS PC+ for window version 10.0. The difference in the mean of each variable between the two groups was analyzed by using the independent t-test and the significance level for all analysis was set at <.05. The results were as follows ; 1. There was a significant difference in the basic physical fitness between the two groups with the exception flexibility. The difference showed the statistical significance on back strength, balance and power in physical education students. 2. There were significant difference in body composition between the two groups with the exception of lean body fat. The difference showed the statistical significance on body fat%, body fat mass in the physical education students. 3. There was significant defference in the isokinetic strength between the two group. The difference showed the statistical significance on peak torque, peak torque B/W%. It was concluded that the physical education students may not have an effect of flexibility; however, back strength, balance, power, body composition, isokinetic strength, could be enhanced due to the long-term period of training. Based on the findings of this study, the regular participation of regular exercise help the untrained men achieve health-related fitness.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.113-118
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of angular velocity on muscle strength and blood constituent. Subjects was classified into two groups, which were $60^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity group (n=8), and $240^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity group (n=8). Each group was applied to perform the isokinetic exercises on extensor muscle group for each 7 times in 10 set (3 days per a week for 3 weeks). Muscle strength was measured using peak torque of quadriceps femoris and blood constituent was measured using RBC, WBC and Hb. The peak torque was more significantly increased after 3 weeks application of $60^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity group than $240^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity group. The RBC and Hb were more significantly increased after 3 weeks application of $60^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity group than $240^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity group. But WBC was more significantly increased after 3 weeks application of $240^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity group than $60^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity group. These results indicate that $60^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity isokinetic exercise application were effective treatment strategy on increase of muscle strength. But $240^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity isokinetic exercise application were effective treatment strategy on immune protect system.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.203-213
• /
• 1994

As a new concept of resistive exercise, isokinetic exercise was developed during the late 1960's. In isokinetic exercise, the subject works at a fixed speed aganist variable and totally accommodating resistance. During isokinetic exercise the resistance accommodates the external maintains maximum output throughout the full range of motion. The maximum torque during isokinetic movements is a measure of the muscular force applied in dynamic conditions.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.1426-1434
• /
• 2018

This study was conducted to observe the isokinetic strength (IS) of the hip, ankle, and knee joints in young age groups. Thirty eight men and thirty one women with mean age of $30.4{\pm}3.5$ and $32.8{\pm}4.4years$, respectively, were enrolled in this study. Measurements of hip flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction at $30^{\circ}/sec$, Knee flexion and extension at $60^{\circ}/sec$, ankle inversion, eversion, plantarflexion, and dorsiflexion $30^{\circ}/sec$ were conducted. Absolute IS (Nm), relative IS (Nm/kg), strength ratios, correlations between movements were observed. Significant differences in absolute and relative strength were observed between groups in all movement except in the relative ankle strength. Relative isokinetic strength ratios of hip flexion/extension were .45 and .55, knee flexion/extension were .84 and .89, ankle dorsi/plantarflexion were .30 and .29, and ankle eversion/inversion were .86 and .84 for men and women, respectively. In the hip extension, men had about three times the body weight, and women had about 2.5 times the strength. The abduction muscle had about 1.5 times the body weight of both men and women. Height and body weight showed the significantly strong correlating relationship with hip (r, .76-.86) and knee (r, .67-.84) strength. However, ankle strength showed the comparatively correlating relationship, especially in women (r, .03 - .36). Similar age and physique characteristics of female and male groups could provide useful isokinetic strength reference values for developing the exercise program for healthy and rehabilitation groups.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2009

In dancers, intact muscular coordination is a well balanced antagonist, which could be a decisive factor in protection against injury as dancers often have hypermobile joints and their ankle joints often bear their full body weight in extreme positions. The purposes of this study were to identify the isokinetic strength to the knee and ankle and the isometric strength of the trunk in female collegiate dancers and controls. Furthermore, the study aimed to investigate the peak torque ratio of knee extension to flexion, ankle plantarflexion (PF) to dorsiflexion (DF), and dominant legs to nondominant. Twenty-one female collegiate dancers (20.0 years of age) and twenty-one female collegiate students (19.3 years of age) performed isokinetic maximum efforts of the knee extensors and flexors at $60^{\circ}/sec$ and $120^{\circ}/sec$, the ankle plantarflexors and dorsiflexors at $30^{\circ}/sec$ and $120^{\circ}/sec$ and isometric maximum efforts of the lumbar extensors at $0^{\circ}$, $12^{\circ}$, $24^{\circ}$, $36^{\circ}$, $48^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, and $72^{\circ}$. The results were as follows: The isokinetic peak torque of the knee extensors and the ratio of knee extensors to flexors of dancers were significantly higher than those of controls (p<.01). However, the isometric peak torque of the back extensors (p<.01) and isokinetic peak torque of the ankle plantarflexors and dorsiflexors (p<.05) of dancers were significantly lower than those of controls. Further studies are needed to identify the difference in proprioception of the joints between dancers and controls.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2017

Background: The measurement of the strength of the shoulder muscles is an important element of the overall assessment of patients with various shoulder disorders. However, the clinical utilization of this measurement is dependent on its reproducibility. Objects: To explore the reproducibility of the measurements derived from testing of the isokinetic strength of shoulder muscles in patients with tendinitis of the rotator cuff. Methods: A total of 20 patients with tendinitis of the rotator cuff participated in this study and were assessed twice in 1 week. Isokinetic testing was performed concentrically for shoulder flexors, abductors, and external rotators and eccentrically for the shoulder extensors, adductors, and internal rotators. The relative and absolute reproducibility of the peak torque (PT) and ratios were assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal clinically important difference (MCID), respectively. Results: Overall, high to excellent ICC, clinically acceptable SEM and MCID values were obtained for the PT (ICC: .83-.95, SEM: 1.2%-9%, MCID: 3.4%-25%) and ratios (ICC: .85-.93, SEM: 5.1%-10%, MCID: 14.2%-27.6%). Conclusion: These findings suggest that isokinetic tests may be effectively utilized for the determination of shoulder strength profiles and appropriate position are recommended to perform test without pain in patients with tendinitis of the rotator cuff.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.157-164
• /
• 2009

Purpose：The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of angular velocity on muscle strength of biceps brachii. Methods：Subjects was classified into two groups, which were $60^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity group(n=15) and $240^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity group(n=15). Each group was applied to perform the isokinetic exercises on flexion muscle group for each 10 times in 3 set(3 days per a week for 2 weeks). Muscle strength was measured using peak torque of biceps brachii. Results：The results were as follows: The peak torque was significantly increased after $60^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity isokinetic exercise application(p<.05), however, it was not significantly after $240^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity isokinetic exercise application(p>.05). Conclusions：This study showed that $60^{\circ}/sec$ angular velocity isokinetic exercise application were effective treatment strategy on increase of muscle strength. Therefore, it could be considered as a treatment method in the athlete and patients with musculoskeletal disease.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.111-119
• /
• 1999

The object of study who healthufl thirty persons have been enforced Isokinetic exercise of non-dominant muscular strength. The next same that each dominant muscular strength and non-dominant strength, peak torque and total work have been comparative analysis 1, Shoulder muscles comparion increase peak torque at low speed from pretraining Isokinetic exercise of non-dominant strength side to ten week of post-training.. Flexor and extensor come out high and statistically significant 6, 8, 10 week than pretraining. Adductor and abductor come out high and statistically significant 4, 6, 8. 10 week then pre-training, Internal rotator and external rotator come out statistically significant 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 week then pre-ttraining. 2. Shoulder muscles comparion increase peak torque at high speed from pre-training Isokinetic execise of non-dominant strenght side to ten week of post-training. Flexor and extensor come out high and statistically significant 4, 6, 8, 10 week then pie-training. Adductor and abductor come out high and statistically significant 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 week than pre-training. Futernal rotator and external rotator come out statistically significant 4. 6, 8, 10 week than pre-training.