• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.214-219
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• 2004

This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of Sinjigolpy-tang on the diabetic rats induced by STZ. After experimental diabets was induced by 55mg/kg of STZ injection, we administered Sinjigolpy-tang extract for 14 days after STZ injection. Glucagon and insulin granules in Langerhans islets were stained by use of immunohistochemical(ABC) method and observed the relative amount of the each granules in Langerhans islet by light microscope and image analysis system. Area % of insulin granules in Langerhans islets in Sinjigolpy-tang increased and showed the statistically significant difference with the control group at 14th day. Area % of glucagon granules in Langerhans islets in Sinjigolpy-tang decreased and showed the statistically significant difference with the control group at 7th and 14th day. It can be inferred that Sinjigolpy-tang has a control effect on glucagon and insulin granules in Langerhans islets of diabetic rats induced by STZ.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.211-215
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• 2003

To examine the localization pattern of phospholipase D2 (PLD2) in the pancreatic islet (the islet of Langerhans) depending on species, we conducted a morphological experiment in the rat and guinea pig. Since individual islets display a typical topography with a central core of B cell mass and a peripheral boundary of A, D, and PP cells, double immunofluorescent staining with a panel of antibodies was performed to identify PLD2-immunoreactive cells in the islets PLD2 immunoreactivity was mainly present in A and PP cells of the rat pancreatic islets. And yet, in the guinea pig, PLD2 immunoreactivity was exclusively localized in A cells, and not in PP cells. These findings suggest a possibility that PLD2 is mainly located in A cells of rodent pancreatic islets, and that the existence of PLD2 in PP cells is not universal in all species. Based on these results, it is suggested that PLD2 may play a significant role in the function of A and/or PP cells via a PLD-mediated signaling pathway.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.109-126
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• 1998

This experiment was performed in order to investigate the effect of Rosa rugosae Radix on hyperglycemia and diabetes in streptozotocin-induced rats. In this study, the experimental rats were divided into three groups: Control group, Group-A(Aqua-acupuncture group) and Group-B(Orally administ:ered group). Under the same condition, three groups were injected 50mg/kg of streptozotocin into abdomen for 3days. And then, Control group was administered water, Group-A was administered Rosa rugosae Radix aqua-acupuncture to S36, B20 and B21. Group-B was administered Rosa rugosae Radix water extract for 14days. Then kidney weight, serum glucose levels, BUN levels, creatinine levels and Langerhans islets were measured on 7th and 14th days. The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. The kidney weight of control group was heavier than those of group-A and group-Bon 7th day. 2. The levels of serum glucose were decreased in group-A and group-B at l20minutes 14th day as compared with control group. 3. The levels of BUN were decreased in group-A and group-B as compared with control group. 4. In histological observations, Langerhans islets of control group showed disrupted or condensed nudei, and intercellular spaces between acini were enlarged. In the group-A and group-B, histological damages of the acini and Lagerhans islets were recovered as compared with control group. These results suggest that Rosa rugosae Radix can applied for the treatment of diabetes melitus.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.235-239
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• 2013

Encapsulation of tissue has been an area of intense research with a myriad number of therapeutic applications as diverse as cancer, tissue regeneration, and diabetes. In the case of diabetes, transplantation of pancreatic islets of Langerhans containing insulin-producing beta cells has shown promise toward a cure. However, anti-rejection therapy that is needed to sustain the transplanted tissue has numerous adverse effects, and the islets might still be damaged by immune processes. Furthermore, the profound scarcity of healthy human donor organs restricts the availability of islets for transplant. Islet encapsulation allows the protection of this tissue without the use of toxic medications, while also expanding the donor pool to include animal sources. Before the widespread application of this therapy, there are still issues that need to be resolved. There are many materials that can be used, differing shapes and sizes of capsules, and varied sources of islets to name a few variables that need to be considered. In this review, the current options for capsule generation, past animal and human studies, and future directions in this area of research are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1962

10두(頭)의 홀스타인 자우(仔牛)에 glucagon, insulin 등 홀몬과 reserpine 및 nicotine을 투여(投與)하여 그들이 췌장(膵臟)의 Langerhans 도서(島嶼)에 미치는 세포학적(細胞學的) 영향을 전자현미경(電子顯微鏡)에 의해서 연구하는 도중 거대(巨大)한 크기의 도서(島嶼)를 관찰하였다. 이 거대도서(巨大島嶼)들은 상기(上記)한 약품투여에 영향을 받지 않으며 거의 beta 세포(細胞)들로만 되어 있으므로 보통 크기의 도서(島嶼)들과의 혼동을 피하기 위하여서는 그 분포상태(分布狀態)와 세포학적(細胞學的) 및 조직학적(組織學的) 특징(特徵)을 구명(究明)하는 것이 필요하게 되어 본연구(本硏究)에 착수하였든 것이며 아울러 췌장(膵臟) 각부분(各部分)에 함유되는 Langerhans 도서수(島嶼數)의 평균치(平均値)를 산출(算出)하였다. Langerhans 도서(島嶼)는 편의상 그 크기에 따라서 직경(直徑) $200{\mu}$이하(以下)의 것을 "Regular islets" $200{\sim}500{\mu}$까지의 것을 "Intermediate islets" 그리고 $500{\mu}$ 이상(以上)의 것을 "Giant islets"라 이름지어서 구별하였다. 지금까지 알려진 최대(最大)의 도서(島嶼)는 개에서 관찰된 $333{\mu}$의 도서(島嶼)이었는데 필자는 본연구(本硏究)에서 직경 $1.395{\mu}$에 달하는 것과 기리 $2,700{\mu}$에 달하는 거대(巨大)한 도서(島嶼)들을 관찰하였다. 본연구(本硏究)의 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 자우췌장(仔牛膵腸) 50평방(平方)mm 면적(面積)내에 함유되는 Langerhans 도서(島嶼)의 수(數)는 평균(平均) 191개로서 다른 연구자에 의해서 보고된 수치(數値)보다 훨씬 많은 것이었다. 2. 거대도서(巨大島嶼)의 크기는 직경(直徑) $200{\sim}1,400{\mu}$이며 그 분포상태(分布狀態)는 보통 크기의 도서(島嶼)와 마찬가지로 췌장(膵臟)의 십이지장부(十二指腸部) 중간부(中間部) 및 췌장부(膵臟部)의 순서(順序)로 많이 함유되고 있다. 즉 십이지장부(十二指腸部)에는 2% 중간부(中間部) 1.8% 췌장부(膵臟部)에는 0.8%의 거대도서(巨大島嶼)가 함유되어 있으며 직경(直徑) $200{\mu}$이상(以上)의 도서평균치(島嶼平均値)는 1.53%이었다. 3. 중간대(中間大)의 도서(島嶼)와 거대도서(巨大島嶼)들은 거의 beta 세포(細胞)들로서만 되어있음으로 "중간대(中間大) beta 도서(島嶼)" 및 "거대(巨大) beta 도서(島嶼)"라고 각 각 명명하였으며 alpha세포(細胞)들이 있는 경우에는 작은 세포집합체(細胞集合體)를 이루고 도서전반(島嶼全般)에 걸쳐서 산재(散在)한다. 4. 췌장(膵臟)에 함유되고 있는 거대(巨大) beta 도서(島嶼)의 수(數)는 적지마는 보통 크기의 도서(島嶼)와 비교할때 그 용량(容量)은 막대한 것이며 따라서 insulin 분비량(分泌量)도 많을것이므로 우췌장(牛膵臟)의 insulin 분비(分泌)를 연구할 때에는 반듯이 이 사실(事實)을 고려해야 할 것이다. 5. 불규칙한 색상(索狀)의 실질세포(實質細胞)들로된 거대(巨大) beta 도서(島嶼)에는 간질결합조직(間質結合組織)이 풍부하며 그 간질(間質) 속에는 비교적 큰 혈관(血管)과 개재관양(介在管樣) 구조물(構造物)이 들어있다. 거대(巨大) beta 도서(島嶼)는 출생(出生)후 도서내외(島嶼內外)에 산재(散在)하고 있는 외분비도관세포(外分泌導管細胞)들의 증식(增殖)에 의해서 발생(發生)하며 그 크기도 증대(增大)하는 것으로 믿어진다. 6. 거대(巨大) beta 도서(島嶼)의 beta 세포(細胞)들은 현저한 Golgi 장치(裝置)와 비대(肥大)한 핵소체(核小體) 및 포상핵(胞狀核)등의 세포학적(細胞學的) 특징을 가지며 이것은 거대(巨大) beta 도서(島嶼)가 보통 크기의 Langerhans 도서(島嶼)에 비하여 더 활발하게 insulin을 분비(分泌)한다는 것을 시사(示唆)하는 것이다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.133-143
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• 2021

Background Extensive research has been conducted on islet transplantation as a possible cure for diabetes. Islet transplantation in the liver via the portal vein has shown remarkable results, but numerous other recipient sites are currently being investigated. We aimed to show the effectiveness of using a muscle flap as a recipient site for islet transplantation. Methods Islet cells were harvested from 12 isogenic Lewis rats, and then diabetes was induced in another 12 isogenic Lewis rats by streptozotocin injection. In six rats, 3,000 islets were transplanted into gastrocnemius muscle flaps, and in the other six rats, the same number of islets were transplanted into the gastrocnemius muscle. The transplanted islet cell function between the two groups was compared by means of blood glucose tests, glucose tolerance tests, immunohistochemistry, and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results In the muscle flap group, blood glucose levels significantly decreased after islet transplantation. Blood glucose levels were significantly different between the two groups at 3 weeks after transplantation. The muscle flap group showed nearly normoglycemic results upon the glucose tolerance test, whereas the muscle group was hyperglycemic. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed positive results against insulin and glucagon in biopsies of both groups, and the islet cell density was higher in the muscle flap group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results. Conclusions Our results suggest that muscle flaps are promising candidates for islet cell transplantation.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.334-340
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Opuntia ficus-indica complex (OF) on blood glucose, glucose tolerance, plasma insulin level and histopathological appearance of pancreatic islets in streptozotoxin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty-two male Sprague-Daweley rats were divided into non-diabetic control (NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic OF of 2% (OF-2) and diabetic OF of 5% (OF-5) and fed experimental diets for 3 weeks. Compared to the DC group fasting blood glucose levels in the OF-2 and OF-5 groups were significantly (p<0.05) reduced while fasting plasma insulin level in the OF-2 and OF-5 groups were significantly (p<0.05) increased. Glucose tolerance in the OF-2 and OF-5 groups were improved. Histopathological observation of pancreatic islets of the OF-2 and OF-5 groups showed hyperplasia which was very similar to NC. Numbers of ${\beta}$-cells in OF-2 ($47.81{\pm}0.92$) and OF-5 ($81.64{\pm}2.80$) were higher than numbers of ${\beta}$-cells in DC ($13.18{\pm}1.01$). These results imply that the intake of OF improves ${\beta}$-cell proliferation and prevents the death of ${\beta}$-cells in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.122-136
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• 2023

Depression is a prevalent global problem since ages, predominately treated with SSRI. Cipralex, is an antidepressant of the SSRIs class used as a remedy for mood, depression and anxiety. Silymarin (SIL), a natural free radical scavenging, has an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This hypothesis evaluates, for the first time, the role of cipralex on the structure of the endocrine and exocrine components of the pancreas and assess the beneficial effects of SIL on these changes. Forty-five rats were divided into control, cipralex, and cipralex plus SIL groups. During sacrifice, all rats and pancreases were weighed and the ratio of pancreatic weight (PW) to rat weight (RW) was calculated, blood samples were collected to estimate fasting glucose, insulin and amylase levels, the specimens were prepared for histological, immunohistochemical (inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], tumour necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], caspase 3, proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA], and anti-insulin antibody), and morphometrical studies. Cipralex group exhibited marked destruction of the pancreatic architecture of the exocrine and endocrine parts, with a dense collagen fiber deposition. Also, there is highly significant decrease (P<0.001) of PW/RT ratio, insulin, and amylase levels, the number and diameter of islets of Langerhans, the number of PCNA positive immunoreactive cells, and the number of insulin positive β-cells. Furthermore, a highly significant increase of glucose level, iNOS, TNF-α, and caspase-3 positive immunoreactive cells in the islets of Langerhans and acinar cells were observed. SIL improves the pancreatic histological architecture, weight loss, biochemical, and immunohistochemical analyses. Administering SIL is advantageous in managing cipralex induced pancreatic injury via its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic qualities.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.261-266
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• 2003

Type 1 diabetes is an organ-specific autoimmune disease caused by the cytotoxic T cells-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the Langerhans pancreatic islets. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent mitogen and a promoter of proliferation of insulin producing beta cells of pancreatic islets. To study the role of HGF via viral vector in the development of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in mice, we have developed an adenoviral vector genetically engineered to carry the gene for human HGF (hHGF) and evaluate the change of blood glucose, insulin level, and insulin-secreting beta cells of pancreatic islets. We demonstrate that the treatment with hHGF gene prevented the development of STZ-induced diabetes and increased serum insulin level to above normal range. Furthermore, it preserved pancreatic beta cells from destruction. These in vivo results may support previous findings that HGF is insulinotropic agent for beta cells and HGF treatment renders the cells to be resistant to the development of diabetes from STZ administration. We suggest that an adenoviral mediated hHGF gene therapy is a good candidate for the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.165-175
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• 2011

This study investigates the effects of Psidium guajava L. leaf (Pg) extract, Lagerstroemia speciosa L. leaf (Ls) extract, and mixture A (Pg, Ls, Morus indica L. leaf, Pinus densiflora needles, Acanthopanax senticosus M. roots extract) on db/db mice. For four weeks, db/db mice were fed powdered extracts of Pg, Ls, and mixture A. Compared to the diabetic control, extracts of Pg, Ls and mixture A decreased body weight, glucose and insulin. The greatest decreases were caused by mixture A. These extracts decreased the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acid compared to the diabetic control. The antihyperlipidemic effect of mixture A was the greatest. Mixture A also significantly decreased injuries of Langerhans' islets compared to the diabetic control. Mixture A showed a beneficial synergistic effect due to the supplementary pharmacological actions of the ingredients in contains, indicating that it improved hyperglycemia without the side effect of weight gain.