• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.568-576
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• 2004

본 논문은 신$.$재생에너지를 이용한 분산전원시스템을 위한 새로운 단독운전 방지기법을 제시한다. 유효전력과 무효전력 불균형의 개념에 근거해서 3가지 다른 단독운전 조건이 분석된다. 단독운전 전압이 유효전력의 함수이고 그 주파수는 유효전력과 무효전력의 함수임이 분석을 통해 보여준다. 이 분석결과를 이용해서 새로운 단독운전 방지기법이 개발되었다. 제안된 보호 알고리즘은 분산전원에 의해 공급되는 무효전력을 계속적으로 $\pm$5% 변화시키면서 동시에 계통전압과 주파수를 관측한다. 만일 단독운전에 의해 측정할 정도의 주파수 이탈이 발생하면 더 나아가 분산전원의 유효전력을 80%로 감소시킨다. 이 검출기법은 공진부하에서도 빠르게 동작됨을 보여준다. 가능한 단독 운전조건이 모의되고 분석 증명된다. 0.5 kW 연계형 연료전지 시스템의 실험결과가 제시된다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.360-368
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• 2011

This paper proposes an active frequency with a positive feedback in the d-q frame anti-islanding method suitable for a robust phase-locked loop (PLL) algorithm using the FFT concept. In general, PLL algorithms for grid-connected PV PCS use d-q transformation and controllers to make zero an imaginary part of the transformed voltage vector. In a real grid system, the grid voltage is not ideal. It may be unbalanced, noisy and have many harmonics. For these reasons, the d-q transformed components do not have a pure DC component. The controller tuning of a PLL algorithm is difficult. The proposed PLL algorithm using the FFT concept can use the strong noise cancelation characteristics of a FFT algorithm without a PI controller. Therefore, the proposed PLL algorithm has no gain-tuning of a PI controller, and it is hardly influenced by voltage drops, phase step changes and harmonics. Islanding prediction is a necessary feature of inverter-based photovoltaic (PV) systems in order to meet the stringent standard requirements for interconnection with an electrical grid. Both passive and active anti-islanding methods exist. Typically, active methods modify a given parameter, which also affects the shape and quality of the grid injected current. In this paper, the active anti-islanding algorithm for a grid-connected PV PCS uses positive feedback control in the d-q frame. The proposed PLL and anti-islanding algorithm are implemented for a 250kW PV PCS. This system has four DC/DC converters each with a 25kW power rating. This is only one-third of the total system power. The experimental results show that the proposed PLL, anti-islanding method and topology demonstrate good performance in a 250kW PV PCS.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
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• pp.203-206
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• 2004

An islanding occurs when the utility grid is removed but distributed sources continuo to operate and provide power to local loads and grid. This can cause a significant risk to safety and equipment. This report present a novel anti-islanding method to prevent an islanding phenomenon. The proposed method changes the reactive power of the load. Therefore the phase difference between output voltage and current is periodically changed within decided value. When the utility-grid is removed, the frequency of output voltage and current will increase or decrease. And the proposed system will detect the change of frequency and shut down the distributed source. While the conventional methods have some difficulties in detecting particular islanding condition such as a small change in loading, the proposed method can detect most conditions. The performance was verified through experiments.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1513-1522
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• 2018

This paper proposes a new islanding detection method for inverter-based distributed generators by continuously injecting a negligible amount of 2nd order harmonic current. The proposed method adopts a proportional resonant (PR) controller for the output current control of the inverter, and a PR filter to extract the 2nd order harmonic voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC). The islanding state can be detected by measuring the magnitude ratio of the 2nd order harmonic voltage to the fundamental voltage at the PCC by injecting a 2nd order harmonic current with a 0.8% magnitude. The proposed method provides accurate and fast detection under grid voltage unbalance and load unbalance. The operation of the proposed method has been verified through simulations and experiments with a 5kW hardware set-up, considering the islanding test circuit suggested in UL1741.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2011년도 전력전자학술대회
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• pp.378-379
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• 2011

PV system's islanding occurs when the uitilty grid is removed but local sources continue to operate and provide power to local loads. Islanding is one of the serious problems in an electric power system connected with dispersed power sources. Also, this can present safety hazards and the possibility of damage to other electric equipments. If the real and reactive power of RLC load and PV system are closely matched, islanding detection by passive methods becomes difficult. Novel islanding detection method is proposed for grid-connected PV system.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 1998년도 Proceedings ICPE 98 1998 International Conference on Power Electronics
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• pp.719-723
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• 1998

Prevention of the islanding phenomena is one of the most important issues because it can damage electrical equipment connected to the utility system and endanger human life. It is very difficult to detect an islanding condition of a power distribution line with conventional voltage of frequency relays, while the output power and the load power of utility interactive PV inverter units are in nearly balanced state in both active power and reactive power. This paper describes the protective equipment that prevents the PV system connected to the utility grid from starting islanding. Both predictive ocntrol method and harmonic injection method are used for a current control and islanding detection for operating safety.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.133-137
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• 2004

PV system's islanding occurs when the uitilty grid is removed but local sources continue to operate and provide power to local loads. Islanding is one of the serious problems m an electric power system connected with dispersed power sources. Also, this can present safety hazards and the possibility of damage to other electric equipments. If the real and reactive power of RLC load and PV system are closely matched, islanding detection by passive methods becomes difficult. Novel islanding detection method using frequency drift is proposed for grid-connected PV system.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권12호
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• pp.2167-2172
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• 2008

A large scale embedded generator or a micro-grid is usually interconnected to the grid through the dedicated line. Immediately after the removal of the grid supply, it must be disconnected and remain disconnected until the normal grid supplies are restored. This paper proposes an islanding detection algorithm based on complex power at the intertie. Complex power at the intertie delivered to the grid has a value depending on power flow during normal operation. When loss of mains occurs, complex power at the intertie moves to a value depending on the parameters of the dedicated line. The performance of the proposed algorithm was investigated under various operating and fault conditions. The proposed algorithm can detect an islanding operation even if no power is exchanged prior to loss of mains and discriminate the fault condition from islanding.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2007

This paper proposes a new islanding detection method for inverter-interfaced distributed generators (DG). To detect islanding conditions, this paper calculates the phase angle variation of the system voltage by using the phase-locked loop (PLL) in the inverter controllers. Because almost all inverter systems are equipped with the PLL, the implementation of this method is fairly simple and economical for inverter-interfaced DGs. The detection time can also be shortened by reducing communication delay between the relays and the DGs. The proposed method is based on the fact that islanding conditions result in the frequency and voltage variation of the islanded area. The variation depends on the amount of power mismatch. To improve the accuracy of the detection algorithm, this paper injects small low-frequency reactive power mismatch to the output power of DG.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
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• pp.232-233
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• 2007

In this paper, phenomenon of islanding parallel inverters in an ac-distributed system is proposed. The paper explores the test results of the parallel-connected inverters in grid-connected system. The test results are devised and analyzed taking into account the power quality and the islanding performance. The islanding test methods applied. Experimental results are provided from two 2 kVA inverters connected in parallel, showing the features of islanding test.