• Mycobiology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.440-447
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• 2018

Dual biocontrol of both insects and plant pathogens has been reported for certain fungal entomopathogens, including Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillum spp. In this study, we demonstrate, for the first time, the dual biocontrol potential of two fungal isolates identified by morphological and phylogenetic analyses as Isaria javanica. Both these isolates caused mortality in the greater wax moth, and hence can be considered entomopathogens. Spores of the isolates were also pathogenic to nymphs of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), with an $LC_{50}$ value of $10^7spores/mL$ 4 days after inoculation and an $LT_{50}$ of 4.2 days with a dose of $10^8spores/mL$. In vitro antifungal assays also demonstrated a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of two fungi that are pathogenic to peppers, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Phytophthora capsici. These results indicate that I. javanica isolates could be used as novel biocontrol agents for the simultaneous control of aphids and fungal diseases, such as anthracnose and Phytophthora blight, in an integrated pest management framework for red pepper.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.568-578
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate effects of supplementation of culture media from solid-state fermented Isaria cicadae (I. cicadae) on performance, serum biochemical parameters, serum immune indexes, antioxidant capacity and meat quality of broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 648 Arbor Acres male broiler chickens(1 d; average body weight, 42.93±0.47 g) were randomly assigned to 6 treatments, each with six replicates and 18 broiler chickens per replicate. Broiler chickens were fed phase I (d 1 to 21) and phase II (d 22 to 42) diets. The phase I diets were corn and soybean-meal based diets supplemented with 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, or 10% culture media from solid-state fermented I. cicadae respectively. The phase II diets were corn and soybean-meal based diets supplemented with 0%, 1.33%, 2.67%, 4.00%, 5.32%, or 6.67% culture media from solid-state fermented I. cicadae respectively. Results: In phase I, the broiler chickens with the supplementation of culture media had increased body weight gain and feed intake (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) with increasing inclusion of culture media. The levels of serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased linearly (p<0.05). In phase II, levels of serum T-AOC and interleukin-1β increased linearly (p<0.05), and GSH increased (p<0.05). In the kidney, GSH and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) concentrations increased (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) and SOD concentration increased linearly (p<0.05). Compared to the control, shear force and drip loss of breast muscle decreased (linear and quadratic, p<0.05). Drip loss of leg muscle decreased linearly and quadratically (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of culture media from solid-state fermented I.cicadae which was enriched in both wheat and residual bioactive components of I. cicadae enhanced the growth performance of broiler chickens. It also improved body anti-oxidative status and contributed to improve broiler meat quality.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.94-105
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• 1993

The genus Cordyceps known as an insect parasite forms a sclerotium in insect bodies and then produces perithecia on the single or multiple stromata produced from sclerotium. Collected Cordyceps were identified into 5 species: Cordyceps militaris, C. nutans, Cordyceps sphecocephala, Isaria japonica, and Torrubiella sp. The fruit bodies of Cordyceps in petri-dish cover were fixed by tape and put the lid on water agar plates to isolate these collected Cordyceps. The germinated spores were transferred from water agar to Potato dextrose agar(PDA) after six hours. Mycelial growth of C. nutans and C. militaris was the most successful on Hamada media and was also good on Complete media and PDA. Mannose as a carbon source was good for two species and Glutamic acid as a nitrogen source was satisfactory to C. militaris and Asparagine gave a good result to C. nutans. C. militaris and C. nutans showed similar mycelial growth rate on the media that contained thiamine-HCI, biotine or nicotinic acid as a vitamine. When conidia of C. nutans were inoculated to insects, mortality was high in Artogeia napi L, Hemiptera, Plutella xylostella and 50% in Orthoptera, 12% in Acantholyda posticalise M, but not Agelastica coerulea B. in Aphididae, C. nutans was collected from only Hemiptera in nature, but killing effect on other insects was proved. Mycelial growth and fruit-body formation were good on the media that consist of rice powder 5g, wheat flour 5g, water 100ml, but formed fruit-body was not complete stromata but a mass of conidia according to results of observing microscope.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.3 s.86
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• pp.380-386
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• 1998

To obtain basic data for mass production of Isaria japonica, cultural characteristics of japonica were investigated by using liquid, solid media and silkworms pupa. Mycelia grew favorably at the temperature of $23{\sim}28^{\circ}C$ on MYG medium with pH 7.0. The fruiting-body of I. japonica was induced below $20^{\circ}C$ in MYG liquid medium (Malt yeast glucose) under fluorescent light. In MYG basal medium mixed with pupal powder of silkworms, the fresh weight of fruiting-bodies was increased with increasing concentration of pupal powder. The highest yield of fruiting bodies was obtained in carbon-rich medium supplemented with pupal powder of silkworm. Also, fruiting-bodies of I. japonica were produced massively on the silkworm pupa placed on the stainless tray in the shortest time. The structure and shape of fruiting-bodies were coral-like, many-branched types with numerous conidiospores.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.478-488
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• 2018

Mushrooms have been widely cultivated and consumed as foods and herbal medicines owing to their various biological properties. However, few studies have evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of mushrooms. Here, we investigated the effects of mushroom extracts (MEs) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in macrophages (RAW264.7 cells). First, we extracted MEs with either water or ethanol. Using LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells, we measured cell proliferation and NO production. Gene expression of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-6 (IL-6), and $IL-1{\beta}$ was assessed by RT-PCR, and protein abundance of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and phosphorylation of p65 were determined by immunoblotting. MEs prepared using both water and ethanol inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. Nitric oxide (NO) levels induced by LPS were reduced by treatment with MEs. Isaria japonica Yasuda water extracts and Umbilicaria esculenta (Miyoshi) Minks ethanol extracts significantly decreased the mRNA expression of inflammation-related cytokine genes including $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, and $IL-1{\beta}$. Similarly, the protein abundance of iNOS and COX-2 was also decreased. The phosphorylation of p65, a subunit of nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ was at least partly suppressed by MEs. This study suggests that mushrooms could be included in the diet to prevent and treat macrophage-related chronic immune diseases.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 1982

The study has been carried out to investigate a possibility to control the pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inoue, by microbial pathogens as one of the microbial control measures. The samples were collected at Kocheon-Ri in the suburbs of Suweon city where were heavily damaged by this pest. Microorganisms were isolated from the both of diseased larvae and baiting method of soil microbes. In addition to, several species of the silkworm mucardine diseases were isolated for their infectivity of these fungi to the larvae of pine needle gall midge. Six species of fungi, Aureobasidium pullulans, Ascochyta sp, Verticillium psalliotae, Streptomyces sp., and two species of Aspergillus were isolated from the galls and soils, five species of muscardine diseases, Isaria farinosa, Spicaria pracina, Oospora destructor, Aspergillus flavus and A. oryzae were also identified from the silkworm corpse collected in the silkworm rearing farmers. Total of eleven species of fungi identified from the both of the larval of pine needle gall midge and silkworm larvae were tested for their pathogenecity to the larvae of pine needle gall midge. All of eleven species of fungi identified showed a considerable infectivity to the larvae. Twenty nine different kinds of bacteria were isolated from the both of diseased larvae and infested soils through the direct planting for the larvae and streaking for the corpse. The infectivity test is in progress. However two kinds of bacteria were recognized to be pathogenic to the larvae tested.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 1972

During the autumn-rearing season of 1971, at the silkworm rearing house at the college of agriculture, Seoul national university in Korea, the authors carried out a series of experiments (1) on the susceptibility of four important silkworm pathogens (Aspergillus flavus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Aspergillus oryzae, and Isaria farinosa) to Halamid (Tosylchloramide Sodium), (2) on the acute toxicity of Halamid to silkworm larvae at every instar, (3) on the inhibiting effect of Halamid to the attack of two silkworm infections, fungal muscardine and viral jundice, and the chronic toxicity of Halamid to silkworm larvae, and (4) on the yield and quality of the raw silk harvested from the Halamid treated silkworms. As the results of the experiments the authors found that Halamid could be applied usefully to silk worm rearing industry as an effective disinfectant for both silkworms themselves and their envir onmental articles, rearing houses and tools, also that Halamid exerts its disinfectant effect most efficiently as a disinfectant for silkworms when sprayed in 2% or 3% aqueous solution every second day throughout all tile instars of larval stage.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 1963

본 논문은 경기도 광릉시험림에서 잣나무 넓적잎벌의 천적에 의해서 1958-1961년에 조사연구한 것을 보고하는 것이다. 잣나무 넓적잎벌의 천적은 다음과 같다. 1. 난을 침해하는 것 : Trichogramma dendrolimi MATSUMURA 송충알사리벌 2. 수상의 유충을 침범하는 것 : Phora egregia BRUES 벼룩파리 (신칭)..... 미기록과속종 Sarcophaga albiceps MEIGEN 알비쉬파리(신칭) Streptopelia o. orientalis(LATHAM) 맷비둘기 3. 지중의 전용을 침해하는 것 : Paratrechina flavipes (f. SMITH) 불개미 Myrmica kurokii FOREL 비살헐개미(신칭) ... 미기록종 A Species of Acarina (진득이의 일종) A Species of NEmatoda (선충이 일종) Isaria sp. (경화균의 일종)

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.214-219
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• 2014

We prepared antibodies from insect glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and assayed the titer. Nine polyclonal antibodies against insect GAGs were raised for development of an ELISA in biological fluids (mice serum). The 3th booster collection of antiserum of BALB/c mice as a primarily antibody was assayed for titer determination by ELISA method. In sandwich ELISA of GAGs derived from Isaria sinclairii or other insects, antiserum from insect GAGs gave satisfactory results for so potent antibody(100: 1~1000:1) raising (manufacturing) agent in range of 10 ng/ml.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 2013

The greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, is an economically important pest for greenhouse crops because they cause direct damage by feeding on plant nutrients and indirect damage as transmits many virus vectors. It has recently become a serious problem because of the continuous use of insecticide resulting in resistance among greenhouse whitefly population. To overcome these problems, in this study, the biological characteristics and virulence of an entomopathogenic fungus isolated from the cadaver of nymph greenhouse whitefly were investigated. Isolated fungus was identified as Isaria fumosorosea by morphological examinations and genetic identification using sequences of the ITS, ${\beta}$-tubulin, and EF1-${\alpha}$ regions. This fungus was named as I. fumosorosea SDTv and tested for the virulence against nymphs T. vaporariorum and the cold activity, the thermotolerance and the stability of UV-B irradiation on conidia. Mortality rate of greenhouse whitefly showed from 84 to 100% and the virulence increased with increasing conidial concentrations, $1{\times}10^5$ to $10^8$ conidia/ml. Conidia were stable at $35^{\circ}C$, 0.1 $J/cm^2$ of UV irradiation and germinated after 8 days at $4^{\circ}C$. Additionally, the activities of chitinases and proteases produced by I. fumosorosea SDTv were varied according to the medium. In conclusion, I. fumosorosea SDTv which showed high mortality rate against greenhouse whitefly will be used effectively in the integrated pest management programs against the greenhouse whitefly.