• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.65-69
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• 1981

This study was conducted to evaluate the cleansing effect of RC-Prep (10% Urea-peroxide, 15% EDTA) on apical third of root canal. Thirty single rooted human teeth were divided into three groups, and ten canals in each group were all enlarged three sizes greater than their original diameter with K-type files and irrigated with each of three irrigants. The three used irrigants were RC-prep (Premier Co.) in combination with 3.5% Sodium hypochlorite, Normal saline, 3.5% Na OCL. In each group, one of three irrigants were used in conjunction with instrumentation as they would be during clinical condition. After final irrigation, the canals were dried with paper points and the teeth were split longitudinally. The cleanness of canal walls iii the apical region were examined with Scanning Electron Microscope. The following results were drawn. 1. The use of Rc-Prep in combination with 3.5% NaOCl showed more clean canal surface than the use of other two irrigants. 2. The canals used RC-Prep in combination with 3.5% NaOCl revealed remnants of pulp tissue and smeared layer, but the openings of dentinal tubules were relatively clean and wide. 3. There was no significant difference in the debridement effect of 3.5% NaOCl and Saline solution. 4. The use of Saline solution showed great amount of remnants of pulp tissue which couldn't find in the use of 3.5% NaOCl.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.30.1-30.15
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of final irrigation with cold saline solution after endodontic treatment compared with saline solution at room temperature against postoperative pain following endodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: A broad search was performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library (LILACS), and Grey Literature databases. Two independent reviewers performed data extraction, risk of bias using the Cochrane methodology, and certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Results: Eight studies were included in qualitative synthesis. Intracanal cryotherapy favored the reduction of postoperative pain in the systematic review. Four studies were included in meta-analyses. The meta-analysis showed that intracanal cryotherapy reduced postoperative pain in teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP) at 24 hours. There was no association between intracanal cryotherapy and control (room temperature) groups in teeth with normal periapical tissue with respect to postoperative pain at 24 hours and 48 hours. Conclusions: Intracanal cryotherapy was effective in reducing postoperative pain after endodontic treatment in teeth with SAP.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.51-62
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• 1980

A Scanning Electron Microscope study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of mechanical preparation of the root canal in conjunction with a few number of canal irrigants that have been widely used for canal treatment. The irrigants used in this study were 5% sodium hypochlorite, 3% hydrogen peroxide, 15% EDTA, and 30% hydrochloric acid. The root canals of 84 freshly extracted teeth with single or multi root were conventionally prepared with Hedstroem files. 78 canals were irrigated with normal saline solution following each instrument number and 6 canals were prepared without irrigation. After instrumentation 72 canals were flushed with various irrigants for predetermined length of time as shown on the Table 1. Additional 20 teeth were kept uninstrumented and five of them were immersed in 15% EDTA for 5 minutes, five in 5% sodium hypochlorite for 5 minutes, five in 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes, and the last five were only rinsed with saline solution. The SEM examination revealed as follows: 1. The canal wall cannot be thoroughly prepared by means of files. 2. No typical structural changes occured on instrumented dentin surface by saline solution, 3% $H_2O_2$, 5% NaOCl, within 5 minutes. 3. 5% NaOCl Solution showed excellent solvent effect to organic substances in uninstrumented canal within 5 minutes and 15% EDTA and 3% $H_2O_2$ showed unsignificant changes. 4. 15% EDTA and 30% HCl dissolved calcified debris and dentin chips that obturated the dentinal tubules and showed patent orifices. 5. 15% EDTA affected on peritubular dentin more readily and showed concavity around dentinal tubules.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.292-301
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• 2001

본 연구는 점적관수시 토양수분 영역의 변화를 측정하고 이에 따른 관비와 표면시비로 투입된 중질소 표지요소에서 유래한 무기태 질소의 분포 양식을 비교하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이를 위해 비닐하우스 내에서 6주간 포트실험을 수행하였다. 관비구는 $117mg\;N\;L^{-1}$ 수준으로 4주간 1.41 g N 을 투입하였으며 표면시비구는 토양 5 kg에 1.81 g N 을 고루 섞어 표면 (3 cm) 에 충진하였다. 관개는 -50 kPa의 토양 수분 장력을 관수점으로 하여 유속 $0.5L\;hr^{-1}$로 공급하였다. 질소 동위원소비의 분석결과 관비구의 경우 투입된 1.41g N 중 89% 에 해당하는 1.25 g N 이 토양에서 무기태 질소로 회수되었으며 표면시비구의 경우 1.87 g N 중 단지 51% 만이 회수되었다. 이는 낮은 농도의 관비로 공급된 요소가 습윤구역에 분포하여 가수분해, 질산화가 일어나는데 반해 표면시비는 고농도로 집적된 요소가 지표에서 가수분해되어 암모니아 휘산이 많이 일어나기 때문이다. 관비로 공급된 요소에서 유래한 무기태 질소의 60%가 0-10 cm 깊이에 있었으며 깊어짐에 따라 농도가 점차 감소하였다. 반면 표면시비된 요소에서 유래한 무기태 질소는 91%가 지표에 집중되어 10 cm 밑으로는 거의 발견되지 않았다. 관비의 경우 요소에서 유래한 무기태 질소의 99%가 질산태 질소로 회수된 반면 표면시비된 요소에서 유래한 무기태 질소는 38%가 암모늄태로 남아있었으며 대부분 습윤구역 바깥쪽 표면에서 회수되었다. 이는 수분이동이 적고 건습이 반복되는 지표, 특히 습윤구역 외부에 투입된 요소의 경우 이동성이 적으며 질산화가 지연되기 때문이다. 본 실험의 결과로 보아 관비로 요소를 투입할 때 암모니아 휘산에 의한 질소의 손실을 최소화할 수 있었으며 발견된 요소유래 무기태 질소의 분포로 보아 식물이 흡수하기 용이한 무기태 특히 질산태 질소를 지속적으로 공급할 수 있었다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.314-321
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• 2007

도시농업에 대한 관심과 수요가 증가하고 있으나 실내 채소재배에 대한 연구는 매우 미진한 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구는 아파트 베란다에서 이용하기에 좋은 관비방법 및 재배가 적합한 채소작목을 선발하고자 수행되었다. 가정용 채소 관비방법을 선발하기 위하여 담액수경, 심지관수(양액 또는 완효성비료), 두상관수 등 4가지 방법을 비교해 본 결과 심지관수법에서 상추, 겨자채, 적근대 모두 관행대비 생육과 수량이 높았다. 뿐만 아니라 심지관수 방법은 양수분관리에 필요한 노력과 시간을 대폭 줄일 수 있고 (주)애그로액티브와 공동 개발한 완효성비료를 이용하면 별도의 양분관리 없이 채소를 생산할 수 있다. 한편, 물이 바닥으로 흘러 나오지 않기 때문에 실내에서 사용도 가능하다. 한편, 가을의 베란다 환경을 조사한 결과 온 습도 환경은 채소 재배에 적절하였으나 광환경은 최고 광량이 남향 베란다에서는 온실의 48%, 남동향 베란다에서는 35%에 불과하여 생육에 가장 큰 제한요인으로 나타났다. 따라서 베란다의 약광 조건에서도 생육이 우수한 작물을 선발하고자 0%, 50%, 70%, 90% 차광조건에서 로메인상추, 청치마상추, 생채, 엔다이브, 청경채, 겨자채, 쑥갓, 적근대, 부추 등 9종의 엽채류를 재배하였다. 부추가 광이 부족한 환경에서도 가장 생육이 우수하였고 엔다이브도 약광에서 생육이 좋았으며 상추, 쑥갓, 청경채가 뒤를 이었다. 이 연구결과를 토대로 각 베란다의 방향이나 위치, 계절에 따라 달라지는 광환경에 적합한 채소작물 선발에 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1186-1189
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• 2004

A new pump used in arthroscopy surgery was developed. The pump is driven by pneumatic air compressor and controlled by a stepper motor connected to an air regulator. Pressure control performance was observed to be similar compared to commercially available artheroscopy pumps. However, pressure pulses observed in the commercial pumps driven by multiple rollers disappeared in the pneumatically driven pump. The new pump required containers to enclose and squeeze saline solution packs. A dramatic saving in manufacture cost is expected considering the simple pneumatic drive used in this pump.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.173-176
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• 2012

This report describes a rare case of postoperative hyperventilation attack after an endoscopic third ventriculostomy in a 46-year-old woman. About 60 min after the termination of the operation, an intractable hyperventilation started with respiratory rate of 65 breaths/min and $EtCO_2$, 16.3 mm Hg. Sedation with benzodiazepine, thiopental sodium, fentanyl, and propofol/remifentanil infusion was tried under a rebreathing mask at a 4 L/min of oxygen. With aggressive sedative challenges, ventilation pattern was gradually returned to normal during the 22 hrs of time after the surgery. A central neurogenic hyperventilation was suspected due to the stimulating central respiratory center by cold acidic irrigation solution during the neuroendoscopic procedure.

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.64-77
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• 2014

This study evaluated the soil loss considering the R-Factor value following the climate change. To calculate the soil loss of the basin in Jaun-ri, Hongcheon-gun which is the study area, the future climate change scenario and convenience revision were used to build the past 30 years, future 30 years R-Factor and it was applied to USLE model. As a result, as the R-Factor value declined a little in the future, the soil loss was also reduced but it corresponds to the 'very high' according to the OECD soil loss grade so the solution to reduce the soil loss is necessary and it can be used for another study material.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.273-287
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• 2016

Accumulation of excessive salt in Reclaimed coastal tidelands can reduce crop yields, reduce the effectiveness of irrigation, degradation of soil structure, and affect other soil properties. These salts has shown to cause specific ions in the plant over a period of time leads to ion toxicity or ion imbalance and a continuous osmotic phase that prevents water uptake by plants due to osmotic pressure of saline soil solution. This review focuses on the characteristics of salt-affected soils, mechanisms of salt-tolerance plants, desalinization technology, and soil management to maintain sustainable agro-ecosystem in salt-affected soils.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.82-88
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• 1979

During the past 3 years, 15 patients who could not be anesthetized generally because of poor general condition or cachecic state, of 111 patients with empyema, have been treated with modified Eloesser`s operation under the local anesthesia with 2% procaine. There were 13 males and 2 females ranging from 21 years to 61 years of age. The etiology was tuberculosis [6 cases], pyogenic pneumonia [5 cases], lung abscess [1 case], post-trauma [2 cases] and malignancy[1 case]. " The over-all mortality rate was 6.7%[1 case] and cause of its death was poor oral feeding because of post-traumatic psychosis. Modified Eloesser`s operation was performed after closed tube thoracostomy and irrigation with 1% zephanon solution for over 2 weeks. And then the other operation was not performed and all patients except 1 case appeared good progression (Complete healing; 4 cases, Progressive healing 10 cases, death: 1 case).