• KCID journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.68-77
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• 2002

Return flow rate of agricultural irrigation for rice culture was investigated in the North Han river basin, Two small paddy watersheds were chosen and irrigation, drainage, infiltration and evapotranspiration were monitored and estimated during the irriga

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

Irrigation water supplied to the paddy field is consumed in the amount of evapotranspiration, underground infiltration, and natural and artificial drainage from the paddy field. Irrigation return flow is defined as the excess of irrigation water that is not consumed by evapotranspiration and crop, and which returns to an aquifer by infiltration or drainage. The research on estimating the return flow play an important part in water circulation management of agricultural watershed. However, the return flow rate calculations are needs because the result of calculating return flow is different depending on irrigation channel water loss, analysis methods, and local characteristics. In this study, the irrigation return flow rate of agricultural watershed was estimated using the monitoring and SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) modeling from 2017 to 2020 for the Heungeop reservoir located in Wonju, Gangwon-do. SWMM modeling was performed by weather data and observation data, water of supply and drainage were estimated as the result of SWMM model analysis. The applicability of the SWMM model was verified using RMSE and R-square values. The result of analysis from 2017 to 2020, the average annual quick return flow rate was 53.1%. Based on these results, the analysis of water circulation characteristics can perform, it can be provided as basic data for integrated water management.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.321-331
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• 2022

In this study, we tried to present a method for calculating the amount of regression using a watershed modeling method that can simulate the hydrological mechanism of water balance analysis and agricultural water based on watershed unit. Using the soil water assessment tool (SWAT), a watershed water balance analysis was conducted considering the simulation of paddy fields for the Manbongcheon Standard Basin (97.34 km²), which is a representative agricultural area of the Yeongsan river basin. Before evaluating return flow, the SWAT was calibrated and validated using the daily streamflow observation data at Naju streamflow gauge station (NJ). The coefficient of determination (R²), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) of NJ were 0.73, 0.70, 0.64 mm/day. Based on the calibration results for three years (2015-2017), the quick return flow and the return rate compared to the water supply amount for the irrigation period (April 1 to September 30) were calculated, and the average return flow rate was 53.4%. The proposed method of this study may be used as foundation data to optimal agricultural water supply plan for rational watershed management.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.835-844
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• 2015

Streamflow responses to irrigation reservoirs and groundwater withdrawals were simulated using the integrated surface-water and groundwater model, SWAT-MODFLOW for the upstream watershed of the Gongdo station located in the Anseong stream. The simulated results indicated that the irrigation water supply from the Gosam and the Geumkwang reservoirs has caused the decrease of 31.2%, 82.5% in drought flows below the reservoirs, respectively, against the natural flow condition. While, at the outlet of the study watershed, the effects of the irrigation reservoirs were insignificant due to the delayed return flows with the decrease of 5.7% in drought flow. Both of the irrigation reservoirs and groundwater withdrawals have reduced the drought flows by 19.2% at the Gongdo station.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.1-7
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• 1998

To investigate the water balance in a paddy rice field with the pumping station for irrigation water supply, flow measurements and analysis on various components of water balance were carried out. The investigated area is 103.7 ha, and the irrigation water was supplied for 102 days during the total irrigation period starting from June 1. It was found that the consumption rate was increased as the growing stage was progressed. The variation of evapotranspiration rate was shown same tendency as the consumption rate, while no apparent tendency was found in infiltration rate upon different growing stages. And the ground water input to the area was predominant during the early stage of growing period, while ground water output from the study area was predominant at the end of the growing stage. The range of return flow rate, the ratio of total outflow to total inflow in every decad, was 57.6 to 85.7%. These values are slightly higher than reported values from the other investigation projects.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.59-68
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• 2001

A water balance analysis was performed for a paddy field neighboring the Dongchang stream, downstream of the Unmun reservoir, which is constructed for the urban water supply. Daily rainfall data were collected and irrigation water flow rate, drainage flow rate, evaportranspiration, infiltration, and piezometeric head were measured in the field. The flow rates were continuously observed by water level logger during the growing season. The evaportranspiration and the infiltration were measured by N-type depletion meter and cylindrical infiltrometer, respectively. PVC pipes with 12mm diameter were used for piezometric head measurement. Total Irrigation and drainage flows were 3,608mm and 1,170mm in 1999, and 3,971mm and 1,548mm in 2000, respectively. The mean and range of the daily infiltration rate were 4.4mm/d and 3.4mm/d to 5.5mm/d in 1999 and 5.1mm/d and 4.1mm/d to 6.5mm/d in 2000, respectively. The net ground water flow including the change of soil water storage was 2,855mm in 1999 and 2,540mm in 2000. The evapotranspiration was 458.3mm in 1999 and 553.5mm in 2000. The range of daily evapotranspiration rate was from 1.6 to 8.7mm/d. The return flow ratio was about 32% in 1999 and 39% in 2000 and three year average was 35% including previous study in 1997. The amount of irrigation water was much higher than design standards or references in this study, This was caused by the inadequate water management practice in the area where water was oversupplied on farmers’ request rather than following sound water management principles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.11-11
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.41-44
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• 2002

It is unreasonable to calculate the amount of agricultural water use by applying unit demand method, because it is different from other water use due to the return flow and reuse in the recycle of watershed. Data from irrigation pumping station and reservoir were analysed. Factors for water balance are precipitation, evapotranspiration, percolation, runoff, and management loss, etc. Here in the study, the amount of agricultural water was defined in the way of three different categories. First one is "Gross water" including evapotranspiration, percolation, and management loss. Second one is "Agricultural water" including Gross water and effective rainfall. Third one is "Broad water" which is abstracting the return flow from Agricultural water.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.301-301
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• 2023

국가 수자원 중 농업용수 사용비율은 약 41%에 해당하며, 통합물관리측면에서 큰 비중을 차지하고 있다. 국가 수자원 전체 이용량 372억m³ 중에서 농업용수가 40.9%인 152억m³로 가장 많고, 환경용수 121억m³(32.5%), 생활용수 76억m³(20.4%), 공업용수 23억m³(6.2%)등으로 추산된다. 국가 수자원관리의 중요성이 커짐에 따라 수량 및 수질관리를 환경부로 일원화하여 관리하며, 농업용수의 유역단위 물관리의 필요성이 요구되고 있다. 농업용수는 대부분 벼농사에 소비되고 있으며, 관개용수는 증발산량, 침투량, 자연 및 인위적인 배수량으로 소비된다. 회귀수량은 관개를 통해 농경지에 공급된 용수 중 작물에 의해 소모되지 않고 하천으로 유입되는 수량을 의미하며, 신속회귀수량(quick return flow)과 지연회귀수량(delayed return flow)으로 구분할 수 있다. 수자원장기종합계획에서는 35%가 하천으로 회귀되는 것으로 가정하고 있지만, 선행연구 결과에 의하면 국내 농업용수 회귀율은 기상상태, 작물재배품종, 재배형태, 용배수로 구조 등 여러 가지 요인으로 인하여 약 32 ~ 86%의 다양한 범위로 큰 차이가 나타난다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존의 회귀수량 산정방법의 취약점을 보완하여, 수문모델링을 통한 유역단위 차원의 회귀수량 산정방안을 제시함으로써, 하천유지유량 관리 개선방안을 모색하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2023

농업용수는 우리나라 수자원 사용량 중 약 61%를 차지하고 있으며, 효율적인 수자원 관리를 위한 핵심적인 관리목표 중 하나이다. 논으로 공급되는 관개용수는 필지에서의 증발산량 및 침투량과 용배수로를 통한 자연적 및 인위적인 배수량으로 소비된다. 관개회귀수량 (irrigation return flow)은 관개를 통해 농경지에 공급된 수량 중 증발산에 의해 소비되지 않고 침투 또는 배수 등을 통해 하천으로 회귀되는 수량이다. 관개회귀수량 및 회귀율은 농업용수 물순환 관리에 중요한 역할을 하며, 관개용수 사용량 결정, 합리적인 용수의 공급과 수요 관리계획 및 수질 관리계획 등에 중요한 요소로 작용한다. 하지만, 기상, 작물, 토양 등의 물리적 요소와 농업용수 공급량, 물꼬 조절, 담수심 관리 방식 등 인위적 요소의 영향을 동시에 받기 때문에 그 기작이 복잡한 특징을 갖는다. 따라서, 합리적인 수자원 개발 계획 및 관리를 위해 정확한 관개회귀수량 추정 연구가 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 전국 4대강 (한강, 금강, 낙동강, 영산강·섬진강) 권역 중심의 9개 대상지구를 선정하였으며, EPA-SWMM (Environmental Protection Agency-Storm Water Management Model) 모델 기반 수로 네트워크 모의를 활용한 수원공 단위 관개회귀수량을 산정하고자 한다. EPA-SWMM 모의 시 공급량은 농업기반시설관리시스템 (Rural Infrastructure Management System, RIMS) 저수율 자료와 수원공 단위용수량을 활용하였으며, 모의결과 시점부 공급량 및 배수량과 강수량, 증발산량 및 침투량을 활용하여 신속회귀수량과 지연회귀수량을 추정하였다. 본 연구 결과는 최적 농업용수 공급방안에 대한 기초자료 구축에 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.