• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.67-78
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• 1990

A decision support system, Daily Irrigation Network Operation Simulation model (DINOPS) was developed that can adequately describe the physical behavior of an irrigation system. The model is to depict the physical features of complex water allocation schemes of the irrigation system and to simulate the response of the system to different irrigation schemes. The model was validated on the Banweol irrigation district by comparing the simulated canal discharges and paddy water levels with the field data. The operation of the DINOPS model was demonstrated on the irrigation district where several irrigation management practices were evaluated with computing irrigation efficiencies and rainfall effectiveness respectively. The model sensitivity with respect to heights of bund and block diversion rates were analyzed and discussed.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.179-189
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• 2020

In order to increase the indoor air purification effect of plants, plants need to be placed on 5-10% of indoor spaces. To increase the density and utilization of plants in indoor spaces, studies on bio-wall, a vertical green wall system, have been recently conducted. The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth characteristics of 7 indoor plants introduced to the system and their rooting zones at different irrigation cycles. This study was conducted to investigate a proper irrigation cycle for the continuous maintenance of bio-wall systems. The conditions of their growth environment were maintained as follows: light intensity, 20-50 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 PPFD; and temperature, 20 - 25℃. For fertilization, Hyponex diluted with water at the ratio of 1:1,000 was supplied to plants. Irrigation was treated at intervals of 1, 3, 5, and 7 days for 1 hour at a time. As a result, there was no significant difference in the growth of plants between different irrigation cycles. Dieffenbachia 'Marianne' showed a significant decrease in the number of leaves at the irrigation cycle of 7 days. In addition, the chlorophyll content was relatively low at the irrigation cycle of 7 days. In terms of the color of leaves, a decrease in L value and b value and an increase in a value were observed, resulting in changes in brightness and color. Ardisia pusilla 'Variegata' showed a slightly higher photosynthetic activity and stomatal conductance when it was watered every day and once per 5 days, while Epipremnum aureum showed a relatively higher photosynthetic activity and stomatal conductance at the irrigation cycle of 3 days. In the case of root activity, it was found that the longer irrigation cycle, the higher root activity compared to daily irrigation. The development of roots of Peperomia clusiifolia was promoted by watering at long intervals. However, in the case of Aglaonema 'Siam-Aurora', the total number of roots decreased at the interval of 7 days. In conclusion, a proper irrigation cycle for the sustainable maintenance of vertical bio-wall systems seems to be 3 days.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 1997

For the efficient operation and maintenance( 0 & M), irrigation facilities were graded on the basis of their indices related to the 0 & M condition and the characteristics of reservoirs managed by Farmland Improvement Association(FIA) were examined. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Characteristics of reservoirs include effective storage capacity, irrigation area, basin area, height and length of bank. Each characteristic is scored by the principle component analysis method. Variables which compose one index are categorized on the basis of their unit and each variable is scored so that the score of each unit sums to 100 for each index. 2. The Optimum MAnagement System of Irrigation Facilities(OMASIF) for Pyoungtaek area was developed by connecting general data of the irrigation facilities to image data. The database system is divided into three tables; LookUp Table, Facility Table, and Image Table. Image Table is again divided into five sub-tables, Image Table, Construction Cost Table, Acreage Table, 0 & M Cost Table, and Specification Table. 3. The evaluating criteria for the 0 & M of irrigation facilities can be established using the OMASIF. Irrigation facilities evaluated as poor state by the criteria should be repaired.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.13-23
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• 2006

In Korea, upland irrigation generally depends on the ground water or natural rainfall since irrigation water supplied from dams is mainly used for paddy irrigation, and only limited amount of irrigation water is supplied to the upland area. For the stable security of upland irrigation water, storage level of irrigation dams was simulated by the periods. A year was divided into 4 periods considering the irrigation characteristics. Through the periodical management of storage level, water utilization efficiency in irrigation dams could be enhanced and it makes available to secure extra available water from existing dams without new development of water resources. Two study areas, Seongju and Donghwa dam, were selected for this study. Runoff from the watersheds was simulated by the modified tank model and the irrigation water to upland crops was calculated by the Penman-Monteith method. The analyzed results showed that relatively sufficient extra available water could be secured for the main upland crops in Seongju area. In case of Donghwa area, water supply to non-irrigated upland was possible in normal years but extra water was necessary in drought years such as 1998 and 2001.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate characteristics of irrigation return flow from paddy block in a reservoir irrigated district during growing seasons. The irrigation return flow was divided into three parts, quick return flow from irrigation canal (RFI), quick return flow from drainage canal (RFD), and delayed return flow (DRF). The RFI was calculated from water level and stage-discharge relationships at the ends of the irrigation canals. The DRF was estimated using measured infiltration amount from paddy fields of the irrigated district. A combined monitoring and modeling method was used to estimate the RFD by subtracting surface runoff from surface drainage. The paddy block irrigated from the Idong reservoir was selected to study the irrigation return flow components. The results showed that daily agricultural water supply (AWS), the RFI, and the RFD were $27.4mm\;day^{-1}$, $4.9mm\;day^{-1}$, and $19.8mm\;day^{-1}$, respectively in May, which were greater than other months (p<0.05). The return flow ratio of the RFI and the RFD were the greatest in July (34.6%) and May (72.3%), respectively. The daily AWS was closely correlated with the RFD (correlation coefficients of 0.76~0.86) in except for July with, while correlation coefficient with the RFI were 0.56 and 0.42 in June and July, respectively (p<0.01). The total irrigation return flow was 1,965 mm in 2011, and 1,588 mm in 2012, resulting in total return flow ratio of 84.6% and 79.1%, respectively. This results indicate that substantial amounts of agricultural water were returned to streams as irrigation return flow. Thus, irrigation return flow should be fully considered into the agricultural water resources planning in Korea.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.255-265
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• 2020

Background and objective: The purpose of this study was to provide guidelines for irrigation management by analyzing the effects of soil moisture on the growth characteristics of herbaceous plants in green infrastructure. Methods: In a rain shelter greenhouse, the growth performance of nine species of experimental plants was assessed under different soil moisture contents (20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, and 1%) for about 5 months to analyze plant growth characteristics due to soil humidity. Methods to determine plant growth conditions include surveying growth conditions of the crowns, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits on the aerial part and surveying growth conditions of the roots in the underground part. Results: The results showed that Mukdenia rossii and Astilbe rubra grew well at 15% moisture content with irrigation intervals of 10 and 13 days, respectively. Soil moisture content of 10% with irrigation intervals of 13 and 17 days was appropriate for Sedum kamtschaticum and Pachysandra terminalis. Similarly, Aquilegia japonica and Liriope platyphylla grew well at 15% moisture content with irrigation intervals of 10 and 17 days. However, Ligularia stenocephala grew well-developed stems and roots at 1% soil moisture content and an irrigation interval of 25 days, while the optimum conditions for Lythrum anceps were 5% moisture content and an irrigation interval of 8 days. Conclusion: Although a limited number of experimental plants were used in this study, this study could propose an appropriate irrigation cycle for planting on artificial soil substrates. Based on these results, it is possible to plan suitable planting designs considered irrigation cycles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.162-168
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• 2000

A two-dimensional numerical model based on a finite volume method was formulated to solve the shallow water equations and applied for evaluating irrigation and drainage characteristics at large-sized paddy fields. Manning roughness coefficient was calibrated using the observed inundating depths at drainage tests and used for validating the model with the results from irrigation and drainage test. The simulated results were in good agreement with the observed inundating depths.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.30 no.2 s.109
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• pp.102-109
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• 2005

Water consumption at the farm is up to 48 percent of water resource of South Korea while manufacturing industry's is only $9.6\%$. The area of arable land is 2,077,067 ha and 27 percent of it is used for growing fruits and vegetables using furrow or surface irrigation at the greenhouse. Surface irrigation at the greenhouse for fruits and vegetables has problems such as over watering and insufficient supply of water to the fine roots of the plant. However, the research on the new method of irrigation to save water usage is few. The characteristics of soil wetting was measured for using surface irrigation and underground trickle irrigation method where water was supplied at 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm beneath the surface ground. Followings are summary of this study. 1. The efficiency of underground trickle irrigation was expected to be as high as twice of surface irrigation such as drip watering or sprinkling. 2. This improvement could be possible by using less than $50\%$ of irrigation water than surface irrigation to supply similar amount of water near fine roots. 3. Surface irrigation causes soil compaction as deep as 20 cm below the surface ground which reduces soil porosity and root respiration ending up developing less fine roots. 4. Underground trickle irrigation can prevent overdamping in the greenhouse since it does not over wet the surface soil. At winter, the amount of agricultural chemical usage could be reduced since this irrigation method does not develop blight or crop disease from condensation of water vapor.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.42-53
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• 1998

About 50 percent of irrigation and drainage facilities in our country are deteriorated as they were constructed over 40 years ago. Worsening the problems in function might be caused by these facilities' constant exposure to the elements. With these reason, efficient maintenance and management of irrigation and drainage facili- ties are required. A computerized system is tailored on the basis of the each characteristics'data of irrigation and drainage facilities. The unified management system to be introduced in this study is a package program consisting of three subprograms. Facility Management(FM) system, the first component, is a relational database system for image processing and registering the characteristics of irrigation and drainage facilities. The objective of this program is to manage the ledger of each facilities and to scan the characteristics of facilities. Telemeter(TM) system, the second component, monitors and processes the data from the sensors statistically. This system is preprogramed for the complete design of TC/TM system. Hydrological Data Management(HDM) system, the third component, executes the hydrological analysis using meteorological data. The unified management system can provide the latest information, such as image data, lists and items of facilities, and items of reforming and rebuilding etc., of the facilities to the manager. At the same time, this system can manage hydrological and meteorological data in realtime.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.113-121
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• 2012

The study was carried out to investigate the dimension of irrigation canal, and measure the water flow of those diverted from Kimje main canal in Dongjin irrigation area. The rating curves indicating the relationships between water level and discharge of the lateral canals were induced using the measured data with high regression coefficients of 0.957~0.999 at inlet points and 0.932~0.998 at end points, respectively. And Manning's roughness coefficients were estimated as the ranged from 0.015 to 0.074 at inlet points and 0.056 to 0.089 at end points with rectangular type of concrete open irrigation canals, the Manning's roughness coefficients of the end points were less than those values of the end points, which may be considered as the deposition of the bottom sediments.