• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.171-182
• /
• 1990

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of irradiation on the striated duct cells of the rat submandibular gland ductal tissues which control the characteristics of saliva. For this study, the experimental group was composed of 36 irradiated Sprague Dawley strain rats divided into 8 subgroups 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours after irradiation. 4 non-irradiated rats were used as the control group. The experimental animals were singly irradiated with a dose of 18Gy gamma ray to their head and neck region by the Co-6- teletherapy unit and sacrificed after each experimental duration. The specimens were examined with a light microscope with an H-E stain and with a trans- mission electron microscope. The results of this study were as follows. In the light micrograph, a severe atrophic change occurred in the striated duct cells at 2hours after irradiation and gradual recovery occurred from 6 hours after irradiation. 2. The nuclear chromosomes of the striated duct cells were changed granular at 2 hours after irradiation. Recovery was observed at 6 hours after irradiation. Nuclear bodies were also observed from 3 hours after irradiation. 3. The mitochondria of the striated duct cells had indistinct cristae at 2 hours after irradiation, and were degenerated or swollen at 3 hours after irradiation. They recovered, however, from 6 hours, with an increasing number at 48 hours and a regular arrangement was observed at 72 hours after irradiation. 4. The microvilli showed atrophic changes at 2 hours after irradiation and were almost lost at 3 hours after irradiation. They were observed again from 48 hours after irradiation. 5. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and golgi body were not apparent at 1 hour after irradiation and were dilated with degeneration 2 hours after, but intact rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed from 3 hours after irradiation and developed well at 24 hours after irradiation. By the result of this study, showing a mild change in the functional morphology of the salivary striated duct cells immediately following irradiation, it is considered that the many complications which occur after radiation therapy, will disappear in time with the histological and the functional recovery of the glandular tissues.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1999

A single fraction of 50 Gy extracorporeal irradiation, as a modality of limb-sparing operation, has been used to achieve tumor necrosis in osteosarcoma. Although this modality of radiation therapy preserving the mobility of a joint is commonly practiced, the precise knowledge on the radiobiological response of osteosarcoma cell has remained to be elucidated. We therefore observed whether a single high dose irradiation caused apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells and whether the commitment to apoptosis was associated with cell kinetics. We also investigated radiation dose response along the time course for development of apoptosis following single high dose irradiation. The morphologic change in apoptosis was observed by fluorescence with Hoechst 33258 and the degree and the fraction of cells by flow cytometry. Irradiation of osteosarcoma cells with 10, 30 and 50 Gy resulted in chromatin condensation and apoptotic body formation. The degree of apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells was $29.5{\pm}3.56%$, $39.9{\pm}4.83%$ at 24 and 48 hours after 10 Gy irradiation ; $41.1{\pm}3.93%$, $66.9{\pm}5.21%$ at 24 and 48 hours after 30 Gy irradiation ; and $48.0{\pm}3.69%$, $75.6{\pm}4.65%$ at 24 and 48 hours after 50 Gy irradiation. The fraction of cells in cell-cycle kinetic was $39.2{\pm}4.3%$ in G2/M, $22.1{\pm}4.65%$ in G1 at 24 hours after 10 Gy irradiation ; $51.0{\pm}4.3%$ in G2/M, $20.4{\pm}4.7%$ in G1 at 48 hours after 10 Gy irradiation ; $40.3{\pm}3.9%$ in G2/M, $26.1{\pm}4.7%$ in G1 at 24 hours after 30 Gy irradiation ; $59.2{\pm}3.9%$ in G2/M, $5.9{\pm}5.1%$ in G1 at 48 hours after 30 Gy irradiation ; and $44.3{\pm}4.2%$ in G2/M, $21.1{\pm}3.5%$ in G1 at 24 hours after 50 Gy irradiation. The fraction of cells at 48 hours after 50 Gy irradiation could not be observed because of irradiation induced cell death of most of cells. All values for irradiated cells showed accumulation in G2/M phase and reduction in G1 phase, irrespective of irradiation dose. The results suggest that a single fraction of high dose irradiation with 50 Gy results in accumulation of cells at G2/M phase, leading to apoptosis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.71-87
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the early irradiation changes on the ultrastructure of the capillary endothelial cell in the rat submandibular glands. For the study, 110 Sprague-Dawley strain male rats were singly irradiated to their neck regions with the doses of 2Gy, 5Gy, and 10Gy by 6MV X -irradiation, and sacrificed on the 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days after irradiation. The authors observed the histologic and ultrastructural changes of the capillary endothelial cell using the light and electron microscopes. The results were as follows: I. In the light microscopic examination, the capillary dilation was observed on the 6 hours group and the capillary density was slightly increased on the 12 hours group after 2Gy and 5Gy irradiation. And luminal size and capillary density were decreased on the 3 days and the 7 days groups after irradiation, after then, they were recovered. But capillary density was still decreased on the 14 days group after 10Gy irradiation. 2. In the transmission electron microscopic examination, the mild proliferation of cytoplasmic process of the endothelial cell and reduction in luminal size were observed on the 3 hours group after irradiation. After then, endothelial swelling, marked proliferation of cytoplasmic process, thickened basal lamina, and numerous pinocytotic vesicles were observed after the 1 day group after irradiation. Thickened basal lamina and numerous pinocytotic vesicles were still observed until the 7 days group after irradiation. These changes were recovered to normal on the 14 days group after 2Gy and 5Gy irradiation, but not after 10Gy irradiation. 3. In the scanning electron microscopic examination, the dilation of conduits and constriction, and meandering were observed on the 1 day group after 10Gy irradiation. These changes were observed with increased coarseness of the surface of the vascular resin casting on the 3 days group after irradiation. 4. From the above results, endothelial swelling, proliferation of cytoplasmic process, and thickening of the basal lamina appeared before the 6 hours group after irradiation. And these changes may also induce the increase of the capillary number and luminal size, after then, capillary permeability was increased via the increase of the number of pinocytotic vesicles. The changes were observed earlier and more apparent with the increase of the irradiation doses under the dose of 10Gy irradiation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 1971

In an attempt to further clarify the effect of X·irradiation on the activity of surfactant in rabbits, X-ray in dose of 900r was irradiated to the lung tissues of rabbits in vitro. Tension-area diagram of the lung extract was recorded automatically by a modified Langmuir-Wilhelmy balance with a synchronized recording system designed in this department. The surface tension of the lung extract was measured at 1,3,5,24 and 48 hours post-irradiation, and the results were compared with the non·irradiated normal group. The result$ thus obtained are summarized as follows: I The maximal surface tension, minimal surface tension, width of the tension·area diagram at the surface area of 40% in the lung extract and stability index of the normal rabbit long extract were 40.73 dynes/cm, 8.96 dynes/cm, 20.71 dynes/cm and 1.28, respectively. II. When 900r of X-ray was irradiated to the lung in vitro, 1) The maximal and minimal surface tensions did not differ noticeably from the normal at 1,3, and 5 post-irradiation hours, but the minimal surface tension increased significantly at 24 and 48 hours Post-irradiation. 2) The width of the tension area at the surface area of 40% showed a tendency of decrease throughout the experiment. 3) The stability index showed no significant change at 1,3 and 5 post-irradiation hours,but at 24 and 48 hours post-irradiation a significant decrease was observed comparing with the control. III. Activity of surfactant was significantly depressed by X·irradiation in vitro especially at 24 and 48 hours post-irradiation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.177-187
• /
• 1988

This study was designed to investigate the effects of split irradiation on the salivary ductal cells, especially on the intercalated cells of the rat parotid glands. For this study, 24 Sprague-Dawley strain rats were irradiated on the head and neck region with two equal split doses of 9Gy for a 4 hours interval by Co-60 teletherapy unit, Picker's model 4M 60. The conditions of irradiation were that field size, dose rate, SSD and depth were 12×5㎝, 222 cGy/min, 50㎝ and 1㎝, respectively. The experimental animals were sacrificed 1. 2, 3, 6, 12, hours and 1, 3, 7, days after the irradiation and the changes of the irradiated intercalated cells of the parotid glands were examined under light and electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1. By the split irradiation, the degenerative changes of intercalated cells of the parotid glands appeared at 3 hours after irradiation and the most severe cellular degeneration observed at 6 hours after irradiation. The repair processes began from 12 hours after irradiation and have matured progressively. 2. Under electron microscope, loss of nuclear membrane, microvilli and secretory granules, derrangement of chromosomes, degeneration of cytoplasm, atrophy or reduction of intracytoplasmic organelles were observed in the intercalated ductal cells after split irradiation. 3. Under light microscope, derrangement of ductal cells, widening of cytoplasms and nuclei, hyperchromatism and proliferation of ductal cells were observed in intercalated ducts after split irradiation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 1981

The author studied on the effects of x-irradiation to the development of digital malformation in gestation rats. The time-matings occured between 6 p.m. and 8 a.m. and females with copulation. plugs at 8 a.m. were isolated and properly marked for evidence of copulation. The lower abdomen of mothers were exposed to x-irradiation on the 11½th day of gestation, the critical period developing digital malformation, respectively 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 rads. At 18½th day of post-conception total 50 pregnant females were dissected and the incidence of digital malformations were obtained. Rat embryos on the 12, 13, 14, 15, 16th day of gestation irradiated by 250 rads were examined for morphogenesis of digital malformation. Digital radiating lines were examined in water and histologically by H-E stain. Supra vital stain samples by Nile-blue sulfate in 37℃ normal saline were prepared for the observation of cell necrosis regions and morphogenesis of digits. The results obtained were as follows; 1. By x-irradiation on 11th day of gestation, digital malformations of Ectrodactylia, Syndactylia Polydactylia and Hematodactylia were developed. Ectrodactylia showed the effective relationship to the amount of irradiation, however Syndactylia ans Polydactylia did not. 2. By x-irradiation, cell necrosis of digital germ was appeared markedly, but in 48 hours after irradiation was depressed to the periphery of digital germ and in 72hours after irradiation was disappeared. Digital radiating line showed marked stage of malformation in 48hours after irradiation and continued to show the same amount of physiological cell necrosis as the compared control group in 72hours. after irradiaion. But in the Syndactylia, physiological cell necrosis was not able to be recognized. 3. Ectrodactylia induced by x-irradiation was considered as the direct resoult of cell necrosis of digital origin, however, Polydactylia and Syndactylia were considered as the resoult of some effect in repair process of x-irradiation damages.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 1994

This study was performed to investigate the biostimulation effects of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on the fungus, Candida alvicans, according to the interval of irradiation during the cell cycle. Samples were divided into 5 groups which were P7-2Hr, P7-4Hr, P15-2Hr, P15-4Hr and Co. Sample was irradiated for 1 minute with 2 hours or 2 minutes with 4 hours of elapsed time during 28 hours of the cell cycle of Candida albicans, and the optical density was assessed by spectrophotometry every 2 hours. It was found that there was significant difference, in the cell growth, between 2 hour and 4 hour interval laser irradiation, although the total energy of each group using identical pulse during exam was equal.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.137-147
• /
• 1988

This study was designed to investigate the effects of irradiation on the salivary ductal cells, especially on the intercalated ductal cells of the rat parotid glands. For this study, 36 Sprague-Dawley strain rats were irradiated on the head and neck region with absorbed dose of 15Gy by Co-60 teletherapy unit, Picker's model 4M60. The conditions irradiated were that field size, SSD, dose rate and depth were 12×5㎝m, 50㎝, 222 Gy/min. and 1㎝. respectively. The experimental animals were sacrificed 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 hours and 1, 3, 7 days after the irradiation and the changes of the irradiated intercalated duct cells of the parotid glands were examined under the light and electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1. Under the light and electron microscope, the nucleus, mitochondria and secretory granules showed severe changes in the early stage after irradiation and the most severe cellular de- generations were observed 2 hours after irradiation, but the repair processes began from 6 hours after irradiation. 2. Under the electron microscope, loss of the nuclear membranes, derrangement of the chromosomes, swelling and destruction of the secretory granules, and widening of the intercellular spaces were observed after irradiation. 3. Under the light microscope, atrophy and irregular proliferation of the ductal cells, cuboidal metaplasia, hyperchromatism, and the construction or obstruction of the lumen were observed after irradiation.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.315-320
• /
• 2004

In this study we assessed the influences of ultraviolet (UV) light B radiation on epidermal ATPase-positive dendritic cell (DC) and the effect of green tea treatment in ICR mouse. The extent of changes following 200 mJ/$cm^2$ (0.5 mW/sec) was studied at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 or 36 hours after exposure. SBCs were decreased by 6 hours after irradiation. There was tendency to decrease from 6 hours to 24 hours and had little further change from then to 36 hours after irradiation. The mice that received 0, 50, 100, 200, 300 or 400 mJ/$cm^2$ of UVB were examined 24 hours after irradiation. The DCs were decreased as the radiation dose increases from 100 to 400 mJ/$cm^2$. The frequency of UVB (200 mJ/$cm^2$)-induced DC decrease was reduced by treatment of green tea (i.p. and topical application, p<0.01).

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.61-67
• /
• 1970

In view of the importance of sulfhydryl groups in producing a chemical protection against ionizing radiation, an attempt was made to evaluate the changes of intrinsic non-protein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) and non-Protein disulfide(NP-SS) of the lung and liver tissues of rabbits following the whole body X-irradiation with 900 r either in single or fractionated $(300\;r{\times}3)$ dose. NP-SH was measured by Ellman's method, and NP-SS was measured by the electrolytic reduction method described by Dohan. Experiment was performed at 1,3,5,24 and 48 hours post·irradiation, and the results were compared with the control. The results thus obtained are summarized as follows; 1) Intrinsic levels of NP-SH and NP-SS of normal rabbits were $0.77{\pm}0.10$ and $0.61{\pm}0.07\;{\mu}mol/gm$ wet weight in liver, and $0.28{\pm}0.03$ and $0.54{\pm}0.03$ in lung tissues respectively. 2) NP-SH of liver after single X-irradiation showed no significant change in general, but at 48 hours post·irradiation, it was elevated comparing with the normal value. 3) Levels of NP-SS in liver was decreased than the normal value in the irradiated groups, and the lowest level was observed at 3 hours after single X-irradiation and at 5 hours after fractionated irradiation. 4) In lung tissues, levels of NP-SS showed no significant change from the control at earlier experimental hours, but a great decrease was observed at later Part of the experiment.