• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2002년도 ICCAS
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• pp.69.2-69
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• 2002

Process measurements contain random and gross errors and the size estimation of gross errors is required for production accounting. Mixed integer programming technique had been applied to identify and estimate the gross errors simultaneously. However, the compensate model based on mixed integer programming used all measured variables or spanning tree as gross error candidates. This makes gross error estimation problem combinatorial or computationally expensive. Mixed integer programming with test statistics is proposed for computationally inexpensive gross error identification /estimation. The gross error candidates are identified by measurement test and the set of gross error candidates are...

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2002년도 ICCAS
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• pp.69.6-69
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• 2002

The optimal byproduct gas supply system was developed for the optimal management of the byproduct gases in the iron and steel making process based on EXCEL environment. It supplies optimal byproduct gas distribution result as well as analysis including expected electricity generation, holder level change, amount of oil consumption, energy distribution to each boiler, and efficiency of energy resource. To reflect the changing environment of the plant such as maintenance, the system was developed to easily change the optimization model for changing configuration of the system. To verify the performance of the system , case studies for various situation was performed with the developed system, a...

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Nanofood is advanced functional food which food industry and food scientist try to develop process foods in near future. To be developed nanofood, nanofood materials are needed, such as biodegradable nanosphere material, biotechnical nanofood material, and protein and nanofood material. There are some food industrial applications with nanotechnology, such as nanoencapsulation, nanomolecule making, nanoparticle and powder making, nano separation, and nano extration. We can find several nanofoods and nanofood materials on the market. In addition, dairy industry is also in the first step for the development of nanofunctional food. However, nanoencapsulations of lactase, iron, vitamin C, isoflavone are developed for functional milk. Dairy industry needs various nanofood materials to be advanced functional dairy products.

• 플랜트 저널
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2009

Increase of consumption in limited coal reserves leads prices surging. As a result, iron works which produce products with coal are in difficulties. Accordingly, it is required a lot of research of using non-caking coal that is relatively low cost and has abundant reserves. Direct drying and indirect drying are two major methods of drying the coal. Recently, to minimize the needed calories and to save energy, using fluidbed or fluidizing method is a recent main trend of minimizing the size of the facility and maximizing energy efficiency. However there is also disadvantage such as increasing facility investment because of installing additional facilities in the latter part. In this study, we will have theoretical researches on the indirect drying method with heat exchange system which have been traditionally used. As a result it is expected to increase the efficiency of the facility operation.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.230-242
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• 2010

In this paper, an environmental monitoring and diagnosis system based on ubiquitous computing technology, shortly u-Eco Monitoring System, is proposed. u-Eco Monitoring System is designed to: 1) Collect information from the manufacturing processes via ubiquitous computing technology, 2) Analyze the current status, 3) Identify the cause of problem if detected by rule-based and case-based reasoning, and 4) Provide the results to the operator for proper decision making. Based on functional modeling, a generic architecture is derived, followed by application to a manufacturing system in iron and steel making industry. Finally, to show the validity of the proposed method, a prototype is developed and tested. The developed methods can be used as a conceptual framework for designing environmental monitoring and diagnosis system for industrial practices by which monitoring accuracy and response time for abnormal status can be significantly enhanced, and relieving operator pressure from manual monitoring and error-prone decision making.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 2002년도 춘계공동학술대회
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• pp.109-113
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• 2002

Steel industry is the most capital intensive and the largest energy consuming industry, which operate huge and complex facilities to supply various steel products as the primary materials to almost every manufacturing industry Major steel products are hot-rolled and cold-rolled coils, plates, and wires that are produced through molten iron making, molten steel making, casting, and rolling. Each process runs in batch between setups and the specifications or bach are different with each other High energy consuming and heavy material handling require careful synchronization or processes, as well. Considering the synchronization or processes, the lot planning and scheduling problem in the integrated steelmaking process rovers the roll grouping with given casts. the sequencing or rolls over time, and the machine assignment and time scheduling or charges and casts. The problem is investigated by dividing it into two cases whether single or parallel machines at the molten steel making and the continuous casting processes. Problem descriptions and solution approaches or each instance are introduced. To test their performance and conformity, implementation or the algorithms and numerical experiments are carried out with real world and constructed data sets.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.160-165
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• 1979

본(本) 실험(實驗)은 장류제조(醬類製造) 과정중(過程中)의 철분(鐵分)의 혼입경로(混入經路) 함량변화(含量變化) 및 제품(製品)의 질(質)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 규명(糾明)할 목적(目的)으로 시도(試圖)되었으며 그 일단계로서 간장 양조(釀造) 과정중(過程中)의 철분함량(鐵分含量)과 시판(市販) 간장중(中)의 철분함량등(鐵分含量等)에 대(對)하며 실험(實驗)한 결과(結果)는 아래와 같다. 1. 간장 양조원료중(釀造原料中)의 철분함량(鐵分含量)은 대두(大豆)에는 108 ppm, 탈지대두(脫脂大豆)에서 133ppm, 소맥에서 79ppm, 식염(食鹽)에서 5ppm, 종국(種麴)에서 58ppm, 황국균(黃麴菌) 포자(胞子)에서 $300{\sim}2000ppm$, gluten에서 240ppm, $Na_2CO_3$에서 20ppm(이상(以上) 건물당(乾物當))이며 HCl에서 6ppm, Caramel에서 18ppm, 양조용수(讓造用水)에서 0.3ppm으로 각각(各各) 나타났다. 2. 제국과정중(製麴過程中)의 철분합량(鐵分合量)은 $200{\sim}240ppm$(건물당(乾物當))으로 제국기간(製麴期間)의 경과(經過)에 따라 다소(多少) 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 3. 간장 발효과정중(醱酵過程中)의 철분함량(鐵分含量)은 담금후 1개월(個月) 경과후(經過後)에 40ppm, 3개월(個月) 경과후(經過後)에 $43{\sim}47ppm$, 6개월(個月) 경과후(經過後)에 $49{\sim}62ppm$으로 각각(各各) 나타났다. 4. 양조(讓造)간장의 압착과정(壓搾過程)에서 즙액중(中)의 철분(鐵分)은 감소(減少)하나 살균과정(殺菌過程)에서는 별다른 변화(變化)가 없었다. 5. 화학(化學)간강 제조과정중(製造過程中)의 철분함량(鐵分含量)은 소맥 gluten의 염산(鹽酸) 분해액중(分解液中)에 159ppm, 중화액중(中和液中)에 184ppm으로 중화(中和)에 의(依)하여 다소(多少) 증가(增加)하였다. 6. 제품(製品) 양조(釀造)간장과 화학(化學)간장의 총질소농도(總窒素濃度)를 달리하여 철분함량(鐵分含量)을 측정(測定)한 결과(結果) 총질소(總窒素) 농도(濃度)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 철분함량(鐵分含量)은 증가(增加)하였으며 동일(同一)한 총질소농도(總窒素濃度)에 있어서 화학(化學)간장은 양조(釀造)간장은 비(比)해 철분함량(鐵分含量)이 높았다. 7. 시판(市販)간장중(中)의 철분함량(鐵分含量)은 제조원(製造元)에 따라 다양하나 총질소(總窒素) 1.0으로 환산(換算)하여 평균(平均) 62.7ppm이었으며 재래식(在來式) 간장의 철분함량(鐵分含量)은 평균(平均) 37.68ppm이었다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.144-179
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• 2010

본고는 1970년대 이래 제철유적에 대한 조사가 꾸준히 증가되었음에도 불구하고 그 조사방법에 대한 연구는 이에 미치지 못하는 상황을 인식하는 데서 비롯되었다. 제철유적은 1990년대에 들어오면서 전국적으로 조사가 급증하였으며, 특히 최근에는 생산유적의 중요성이 부각되면서 더욱 주목받고 있는 유적의 하나이다. 하지만 분묘유적이나 취락, 성곽유적 등에 비해 제철유적의 조사방법에 대한 소개와 연구는 크게 부족하다고 할 수 있다. 그 이유는 제철조업의 프로세스는 매우 복잡하고 다양할 뿐 아니라, 공정의 이해를 위해서는 금속공학적인 기초지식까지 학습해야 하는 어려움이 있기 때문이다. 즉 고고학 조사와 연구에 있어 제철과 관련된 유구 유물의 성격이 이러한 프로세스와 어떠한 상관관계를 가지는지 밝히기가 몹시 어렵다는 이유 때문이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 철생산 및 철기제작의 공정과 철재, 철괴 등 관련유물의 금속학적 특징에 대한 이해를 바탕으로, 제철유적 발굴조사의 순서와 방법, 유물의 분류 및 정리방법에 대한 시론을 제시함으로써 정밀한 조사와 심도 있는 분석이 이루어질 수 있도록 하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 본고에서는 제철유적을 조업공정에 따라 채광, 제련, 정련, 단야, 용해, 제강유적의 6가지 유형으로 분류한 후, 사전조사와 지표${\rightarrow}$시굴${\rightarrow}$발굴조사로 이어지는 각 단계별 조사방법에 대해 정리하였다. 또한 가장 대표적인 제철관련유물인 철재의 분류 및 정리에 있어 새로운 방법을 모색해 보았다. 더불어 유적의 성격파악에 필요한 자연과학분석 및 제철로 복원실험의 필요성에 대해서도 언급하였으며, 내용의 구성에서는 사례 제시와 도면 사진자료를 최대한 활용하였다. 본고에서는 다양한 조사연구방법의 응용과 개발에 대해 심도 있게 논의하지는 못하였지만, 유구 유물의 세밀한 관찰을 통해 공정에 따른 다양한 제철유적의 조사연구 방법론 개발이 매우 시급한 과제임을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 유적의 종합적인 성격규명을 위해서는 고고학적 지식뿐만 아니라 자연과학 분야가 다양하게 응용되어야 하며, 더불어 실험고고학의 측면에서도 지속적인 제철로의 복원실험이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2015

In steel making plant, sampling system for raw material such as iron ore, limestone is necessary for quality control purpose. For the sake of efficiency and productivity, automation of the sampling system is highly desirable. From technical standpoint, the development of the automated system requires multi-disciplinary domain knowledge such as mechanical engineering, industrial engineering, information technology and computer engineering. Up to present time, the development has been mainly carried out by a single domain expert with project manager. The automated system developed in this way caused problems in the final system. This paper suggests a systems engineering approach to the development of automation for raw material sampling plant via a tailored process called Plant Systems Engineering (PSE) Process based on ISO/IEC 15288. Through the PSE process, we could derive right requirements and architecture of the Systems Of Interest (SOI), and we were convinced that the PSE Process can be applied to many other Plant Systems.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2014

Pulverized coal (PC) has become an important auxiliary fuel in the iron and steel industry since the technique of pulverized coal injection (PCI) was developed for iron making. The combustion efficiencies of pulverized coal in blowpipes and tuyeres under various operational conditions are numerically predicted to determine the performance levels with regard to different locations of the nozzles in a blast furnace. A variety of parameters, including the pulverized coal quantities, oxygen amounts, inlet temperatures of the tuyeres, and the mass flow rate of coal carrier gas are taken into consideration. Also, in order to develop greater efficiency than those of existing coal injection systems, this study applies a flame measurement system using a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and a frame grabber. It uses auto sampling algorithms from the flame shape information to determine the device for the optimal location control for PCI. This study finds further improvements of the blast furnace performance via the control of the PCI locations.