• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.16-26
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• 2018

In this study, the effects of the pouring temperature, preheating temperature, surface condition and fraction of the wear resistant part on the production of duo-castings were investigated using a high Cr white cast iron with excellent abrasion resistance and a low Cr alloy steel with good toughness. The constituent materials of the duo-castings were designed to have high hardness, fracture toughness and abrasive wear resistance for the replacement of high Mn alloy steels with low abrasive wear resistance. In particular, the amount of abrasive wear of 17% Cr white cast iron was about 1/20 of that of high Mn alloy steel. There was an intermediate area of about 3mm due to local melting at the bonding interface of the duo-castings. These intermediate regions were different from those of the constituent materials in chemical composition and microstructure. This region led to fracture within the wear resistant part rather than at the bonding interface in the bending strength test. The bending fracture strengths were 516-824 MPa, which were equivalent to the bending proof strength of high Mn steel. The effects of various casting conditions on the duo-cast behavior were studied by simple pouring of low Cr alloy steel melt, but the results proved practically impossible to manufacture duo-castings with a sound bonding interface. However, the external heating method was suitable for the production of duo-castings with a sound bonding interface.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 1995

A new fungivle material named Epoxy-Granite composite is applied to the column structure of drilling center in order to investigate the advanced dynamic charateristics comparing with a conventional cast iron material. The dimensions of new column structure are adjusted to keep the same stiffness (EI value) and the manufacturing conditions are formulated based on the preceeding research experience about the development of Epoxy-Granite structural material. The two kinds of experiments are set up, one of which is for the measurement of natural mode and frequency using experimental modal analysis, and the other one is for the measurement of vibration amplitude during idling operation of a machine tool. The comparison of maximum accelerance values at each natural frequency of bending mode shows a Epoxy-Granite column have larger modal damping ratios(over 2times) than a cast iron column. The vibration amplitude of Epoxy-Granite column measrued on the bed, motor base, and top of column are also much smaller (up to 12%) than the case of cast iron column. It is therefore confirmed that a Epoxy-Granite material exhibits a good anti- vibrational propderty even if it is used under the actual operational environments of machine tool as a practical structural element.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.603-610
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• 2017

탄약을 포함한 다양한 산업 분야에서 사용되는 철강 재료는 부식에 취약하므로, 표면 그대로 사용하는 것은 바람직하지 않다. 따라서 도금, 도장, 화성처리와 같은 표면 처리 이후 사용하여야 하는데, 탄약 제조 과정에서는 주로 아연계 인산염 피막 처리가 사용되고 있다. 표면 처리 기법 중 하나인 아연계 인산염 피막은 금속 표면을 화학적으로 처리하여 안정성이 높은 화합물 층을 표면에 고착시키는 방법으로, 크게 도장 하지용 경인산염 피막과 부식 방지용 중인산염 피막으로 나뉘어지는데, 아연계 인산염 피막은 전산도, 철 함량과 같은 여러 가지 인자에 의해 피막의 품질과 내식성이 결정된다. 본 연구에서는 전산도 및 철 함량이 탄약 부식 방지 목적으로 사용되는 아연계 중인산염 피막의 중량 및 내식성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보았다. 철 함량에 따라 피막의 구조가 치밀해지며, 내식성이 향상되는 결과를 확인할 수 있었으나, 전산도는 피막의 두께와 중량에만 영향을 주고 내식성에는 큰 영향을 주지 못하였다. 위 결과를 토대로 탄약 제조 과정에서 사용되는 인산염 피막 처리 공정의 최적 제어 수준을 제시하였다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.64-74
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• 2016

타이타늄은 지각 구성원소 중 아홉 번째로 풍부한 원소이며, 철과 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있다. 타이타늄 광석으로부터 안료급의 $TiO_2$나 금속 타이타늄 제조를 위한 순수한 $TiCl_4$를 제조하기 위해서는 일메나이트 중에 함유되어 있는 철 성분을 제거하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 합성 루타일과 $TiO_2$를 제조하는 여러 가지 프로세스를 비교하여 고찰하였다. 대부분의 프로세스는 건식야금과 습식야금을 조합한 것이며, 이러한 프로세스에서는 상당한 량의 철염, 철 산화물 및 폐산이 발생하고 있다. 따라서 일메나이트를 처리하기 위한 새로운 프로세스를 개발하기 위해서는 폐산의 재이용과 철 부산물의 유가 자원화가 중요하다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.272-282
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• 1995

Iron-based metal matrix composites have been recently investigated for the use of inexpensive abrasion resistance material. This paper carried out to investigate the in-situ reaction effects on the microstructural characteristics and the formation mechanism of tungsten carbides in a white cast iron matrix. The specimens of Fe-3.2%C-2.8%Si alloy cast-bonded with tungsten wire were cast in the metal mold and isothermally heat treated at $950^{\circ}C$ up to 48 hours. The typical microstructure of heat treated specimens showed the reaction layer of WC at the interface of tungsten wire and the carbon depletion zone between the WC layer and the matrix. During the formation of WC layer, if the carbon supply is insufficient due to the decarburization of matrix or the isolation of matrix by cast-bonded W wires, the reaction layer develops coarse hexagonal crystalline WC. From the microstructural investigation, it was found that the volume of WC layer and the carbon depletion zone increased linearly with the isothermal heat treating time. This results supported that the formation rate of WC in the white cast iron matrix is controlled by the interfacial reaction with a constant reaction rate.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2019

Since gasoline engines are based on a combination of a cast iron liner and an aluminum block, which have different thermal properties and stiffnesses, bore shape distortion is likely to occur during honing due to uneven thermal deformation. To solve this problem, many tests and evaluations are needed to support the development of a high-performance honing stone with low heat generation. Moreover, performance evaluation, which depends on inspection and observation after work, often requires much trial and error to optimize tool design, due to challenges in the accurate interpretation of results. This study confirmed that the assessment of grinding capability was clarified by evaluating performance under severe work conditions and by in-situ measurement and recording of current consumption (workload) and heat generation during operation. As a result of using a honing stone with excellent grinding performance in engine block manufacture-in which cylinder bore distortion caused by thermal deformation during manufacture is a problem-a noticeable improvement in the degree of cylindricity was observed.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2010

In the steel industry, steel is manufactured and processed to produce a variety of steel products. The industry provides fundamental materials to the whole range of industries including car, ship, electric appliance and construction industries, so that it is very important as an infrastructure industry. The steel manufacture process involves aerial work, many danger factors caused by the treatment with hazardous gases including BFG and COG and by high pressure gases including $H_2$, $O_2$, $N_2$ and LPG. It requires the management over the large area because many workers work in a plant. The potential dangers in the steel plant were identified and the effect of the danger assessment was verified through the analysis of the danger assessment for the steel plant. The allowed degree of danger was lowered after the improvement through the danger assessment in the plant where the case studies were conducted, which indicates that the danger assessment is highly effective.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.791-794
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• 2008

MRE(Magneto-rheological Elastomer) is a material which shows reversible and various modulus in magnetic field. Comparing to conventional rubber vibration isolator, MREs are able to absorb broader frequency range of vibration. These characteristic phenomena result from the orientation of magnetic particle (i.e., chain-like formation) in rubber matrix. In this study, NR was used as a matrix in order to manufacture MREs. Magnetic reactive powder(MRP), having rapid magnetic reaction, was selected as a magnetic particle to give magnetic field reactive modulus. The mechanical properties of manufactured MREs were measured without the application of magnetic field. The results showed that the tensile property and resilience were decreased while the hardness was increased with the addition of CIP. The analysis of MR effect was carried out by FFT analyzer with various magnetic flux. As the addition of MRP and magnetic flux increased, increment of MR effect was observed.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.220-241
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• 2024

Due to its unique advantages, electrochemical machining (ECM) is playing an increasingly significant role in the manufacture of difficult-to-machine materials. Most of the current ECM research is conducted at room temperature, with studies on ECM in a cryogenic environment not having been reported to date. This study is focused on the electrochemical dissolution characteristics of typical iron and nickel base alloys in NaNO₃ solution at low temperature (-10℃). The polarization behaviors and passive film properties were studied by various electrochemical test methods. The results indicated that a higher voltage is required for decomposition and more pronounced pitting of their structures occurs in the passive zone in a cryogenic environment. A more in-depth study of the composition and structure of the passive films by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the passive films of the alloys are modified at low temperature, and their capacitance characteristics are more prominent, which makes corrosion of the alloys more likely to occur uniformly. These modified passive films have a huge impact on the surface morphologies of the alloys, with non-uniform corrosion suppressed and an improvement in their surface finish, indicating that lowering the temperature improves the localization of ECM. Together with the cryogenic impact of electron energy state compression, the accuracy of ECM can be further improved.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.573-587
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• 2019

본 연구는 전통적인 철화분청사기 안료를 재현하기 위하여 국내산 자철석과 점토, 비가소성 원료를 혼합하여 재현시편을 제작하고, 발색이 양호한 30개의 시편들을 과학적으로 분석함으로써 유약의 발색특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 안료의 주원료인 자철석은 1,200℃의 환원 환경에서 짙은 흑색으로 발색하는 안료이나, 부가적으로 첨가되는 석회 성분과 반응하여 1,230℃ 산화 환경에서는 녹황색 계열로 변색된다. 적철석은 소성 온도 및 환경에 크게 영향을 받지 않으나 Fe를 10 wt% 이상 함유한 점토와 혼합하였을 때는 짙은 흑색으로 발색한다. 안료의 유동성은 R₂O₃/RO₂ 값에 의해 결정되며, 이는 발색에도 영향을 미친다. 미세조직 관찰에서 안료의 입자크기와 소성 환경에 따라 유약층의 발색과 철산화물 결정들이 일부 다른 양상을 보인다. 자철석을 원료로 한 안료는 1,200℃ 산화 환경에서는 유약층과 분장토의 경계면에 철산화물이 응집체 형태로 존재하며, 흑갈색으로 발색하지만, 환원 환경 소성에서는 철산화물의 응집체가 존재하지 않고 유약층에 균질하게 분포하며, 짙은 흑색으로 발색한다. 반면, 적철석을 기반으로한 안료는 산화 환경에서 유약층내 수지상 조직을 형성하며, 흑색으로 발색한다.