• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2019

This study introduces MATLAB Graphical User Interface (GUI)-based software to monitor ionospheric disturbances. This software detects ionospheric disturbances using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) measurements, and estimates a location of the disturbance source through the detected disturbance. In addition, this software includes a sky plot making function and frequency analysis function through wavelet transform. To evaluate the performance of the developed software, data of 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan were analyzed by using the software. The analysis results verified that the ionospheric disturbances were detected through GPS and GLONASS measurements, and the location of the disturbance source was estimated through the detected disturbance.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제47권8호
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• pp.549-557
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 위성항법 신호를 활용하여 전리층 교란 관측을 통한 실시간 지진 발생 검출에 대한 연구를 수행한다. 위성항법 신호를 활용하여 추정한 전리층 지연을 이용하여 전리층 교란 모니터를 선정하고, 실시간 검출을 위한 교란 판단 기준값(threshold)을 계산하는 방법을 소개한다. 또한, cycle slip 등 다른 오차 요인에 의하여 발생하는 전리층 변화와 지진에 의해 발생하는 전리층 변화를 구분하기 위하여, 지진에 의한 파동 특성을 이용하여 지진에 의한 전리층 교란 검출 판단 기준을 제시한다. 한국 및 일본에 설치되어 있는 47개의 기준국으로부터 수집한 측정치를 활용하여 제안된 알고리즘의 성능 검증을 수행한다.

• 천문학논총
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• 제15권spc2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2000

Through the coupling between the near-earth space environment and the polar ionosphere via geomagnetic field lines, the variations occurred in the magnetosphere are transferred to the polar region. According to recent studies, however, the polar ionosphere reacts not only passively to such variations, but also plays active roles in modifying the near-earth space environment. So the study of the polar ionosphere in terms of geomagnetic disturbance becomes one of the major elements in space weather research. Although it is an indirect method, ground magnetic disturbance data can be used in estimating the ionospheric current distribution. By employing a realistic ionospheric conductivity model, it is further possible to obtain the distributions of electric potential, field-aligned current, Joule heating rate and energy injection rate associated with precipitating auroral particles and their energy spectra in a global scale with a high time resolution. Considering that the ground magnetic disturbances are recorded simultaneously over the entire polar region wherever magnetic station is located, we are able to separate temporal disturbances from spatial ones. On the other hand, satellite measurements are indispensible in the space weather research, since they provide us with in situ measurements. Unfortunately it is not easy to separate temporal variations from spatial ones specifically measured by a single satellite. To demonstrate the usefulness of ground magnetic disturbance data in space weather research, various ionospheric quantities are calculated through the KRM method, one of the magneto gram inversion methods. In particular, we attempt to show how these quantities depend on the ionospheric conductivity model employed.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제34권6_4호
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• pp.1531-1544
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• 2018

우리는 국내에서 발생한 규모 5.0 이상의 지진으로 인해 전리층의 전자밀도가 변동하는 것을 확인하였다. 대상 지진원은 2016년 9월 규모 5.8의 경주 지진, 2017년 11월 규모 5.4의 포항 지진, 그리고 2017년 9월 북한 지하 핵실험에 의한 규모 5.7의 인공지진이다. 비록 모든 GPS 관측소에서 전리층 변동이 나타나지 않았지만, 이들 지진에 의한 변동현상은 사건 발생 후 약 10-30분과 40-60분 경과 시점에 나타났다. 각 변동 내에서 시간차이가 발생하는 것은 진원 깊이에 의한 차이와 관측소-위성-진앙간의 공간상 배치 차이 때문이라 생각된다. 경주 지진의 경우, 다른 두 사건에 비해 상대적으로 깊은 곳에서 발생하였지만, 규모가 크고 전리층이 안정적인 밤 시간대에 일어나 변동이 탐지되었다. 그리고 크게 한 차례 이상 나타난 것은 지진에 의해 생성된 충격파들의 대기 전달 속도차이에 의한 현상이라 사료된다. 이 연구를 통해 전리층 변동의 탐지가 관측소-위성-진앙간의 기하학적 배치나 탐지방법에 따라 다르게 나타나고, 변동의 탐지시점이 대상체 간의 기하학적 배치나 진원 깊이에 따라 차이가 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2015

In this study, we documented the midlatitude F2-layer response to five strong geomagnetic storms with minimum Dst < -150 nT that occurred in solar minimum years using hourly values of the F2-layer critical frequency (foF2) from four ionosondes located in different hemispheres. The results were very limited, but they illustrated some peculiarities in the behavior of the F2-layer storm. During equinox, the characteristic ionospheric disturbance patterns over the Japanese station Wakkanai in the Northern Hemisphere and the Australian station Mundaring in the Southern Hemisphere were consistent with the well-known scenario by $Pr{\ddot{o}}lss$ (1993); however, during a December solstice magnetic storm, both stations did not observe any noticeable positive ionospheric disturbances. Over the "near-pole" European ionosonde, clear positive ionospheric storms were not observed during the events, but the "far-from-pole" Southern Hemisphere station Port Stanley showed prominent enhancements in F2-layer peak electron density in all magnetic storms except one. No event produced noticeable nighttime enhancements in foF2 over all four ionosondes.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2018

지진, 쓰나미 등에 의해 지상에서 생성된 에너지는 대기를 통해 전파되어 전리층 전자밀도를 교란시키므로, 위성신호의 전리층 지연을 이용하면 충격파에 의한 교란을 관측할 수 있다. 전리층의 전자밀도는 지상의 교란원인 이외에도 태양활동, 위도, 계절, 지방시 등 다양한 요인들에 의해 영향을 받는데, 지진 및 쓰나미와 같은 이상상황을 구분하기 위해서는 정상상황에서의 전리층 경향분석이 필요하다. 또한 전리층 교란은 지상의 교란원인으로부터 거리가 멀어질수록 크기가 감소하므로, 원거리 전리층 교란을 효과적으로 검출하기 위한 적절한 기법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는, 정상상황에서의 전리층 경향분석을 위해 ionosphere exchange(IONEX) 데이터를 이용하여 태양극대기 및 극소기, 위도, 계절 등에 의한 전리층 경향을 분석해보았다. 분석한 정상상황 전리층을 바탕으로 경향성이 제거된 감시값을 설정하고, 전리층 교란의 지속성을 이용한 원거리 교란검출 기법을 설계해 이에 대한 오경보율을 분석하였다. 결과적으로 전리층 지연의 2차 미분 값이 감시값으로 선정되었으며, 오경보율은 1.4e-6수준으로 나타났다. 설계한 기법을 2011 도호쿠 대지진 발생 시 수집된 데이터에 적용하여 교란 검출을 확인하였다.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 1995년도 한국우주과학회보 제4권2호
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• pp.18-18
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• 1995

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 천문학논총
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• 제15권spc2호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2000

The ionosphere, the atmosphere of the earth ionized by solar radiations, has been strongly varied with solar activity. The ionosphere varies with the solar cycle, the seasons, the latitudes and during any given day. Radio wave propagation through or in the ionosphere is affected by ionospheric condition so that one needs to consider its effects on operating communication systems normally. For examples, sporadic E may form at any time. It occurs at altitudes between 90 to 140 km (in the E region), and may be spread over a large area or be confined to a small region. Sometimes the sporadic E layer works as a mirror so that the communication signal does not reach the receiver. And radiation from the Sun during large solar flares causes increased ionization in the D region which results in greater absorption of HF radio waves. This phenomenon is called short wave fade-outs. If the flare is large enough, the whole of the HF spectrum can be rendered unusable for a period of time. Due to events on the Sun, sometimes the Earth's magnetic field becomes disturbed. The geomagnetic field and the ionosphere are linked in complex ways and a disturbance in the geomagnetic field can often cause a disturbance in the F region of the ionosphere. An enhancement will not usually concern the HF communicator, but the depression may cause frequencies normally used for communication to be too high with the result that the wave penetrates the ionosphere. Ionospheric storms can occur throughout the solar cycle and are related to coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and coronal holes on the Sun. Except the above mentioned phenomena, there are a lot of things to affect the radio communication. Nowadays, radio technique for probing the terrestrial ionosphere has a tendency to use satellite system such as GPS. To get more accurate information about the variation of the ionospheric electron density, a TEC measurement system is necessary so RRL will operate the system in the near future.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.489-499
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• 2004

The climatological characteristics of the polar ionospheric currents obtained from the simultaneous observations of the ionospheric electric field and conductivity are examined. For this purpose, 43 and 109 days of measurements from the Chatanika and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radars are utilized respectively. The ionospheric current density is compared with the corresponding ground magnetic disturbance. Several interesting characteristics about the polar ionosphere are apparent from this study: (1) The sun determines largely the conductance over the Sondrestrom radar, while the nighttime conductance distribution over the Chatanika radar is significantly affected by auroral precipitation. (2) The regions of the maximum N-S electric field over the Chatanika radar are located approximately at the dawn and dusk sectors, while they tend to shift towards dayside over the Sondrestrom radar. The N-S component over Son-drestrom is slightly stronger than Chatanika. However, the E-W component over Chatanika is negligible compared to that of Sondrestrom. (3) The E-W ionospheric current flows dominantly in the night hemisphere over Chatanika, while it flows in the sunlit hemisphere over Sondrestrom. The N-S current over Chatanika flows prominently in the dawn and dusk sectors, while a strong southward current flows in the prenoon sector over Sondrestrom. (4) The assumption of infinite sheet current approximation is far from realistic, underestimating the current density by a factor of 2 or more. It is particularly serious for the higher latitude region. (5) The correlation between ${\Delta}H\;and\;J_E$ is higher than the one between ${\Delta}D\;and\;J_N$, indicating that field-aligned current affects ${\Delta}D$significantly.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.157-161
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• 2022

The Nuri rocket developed by South Korea was launched at approximately 07:00 UT on June 21, 2022. We use GPS observations obtained from the Korean GNSS network to analyze ionospheric total electron content (TEC) disturbances induced by the 2022 Nuri rocket launch. TEC disturbances are observed south over South Korea 4-5 min after the rocket launch. In addition, the maximum depletion in the vertical TEC shows approximately 8 TEC units (TECU). We also compute a horizontal velocity from initial ionospheric disturbances triggered by the 2022 Nuri rocket launch. Its velocity is about 1.4 km/s. It may be related to the rocket's flight trajectory at the observation time of the ionospheric TEC disturbance.