• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.172-179
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• 2001

In order to improve dye uptime and wash fastness on dyeing of cotton fabrics with Amur cork tree, twitter ionic groups, acid groups, hydrophobic groups or cross linkage were introduced into cotton fabrics. Results obtained were as follows, 1 The optimum modification of cotton fabrics was carbosy methylation in the water solution containing 15% sodium chloroacetate and 15% sodium hydroxide and then introducing hydrophobic groups by treating in the solution containing $30m\ell$ DMSO and $3m\ell$ 2,4-TDI 2. Numbers of carbon, diisocyanate group than monoisocyanate group and aromatic compound than aliphatic compound in introduced hydrophobic groups were effective. 3. The dye uptake and wash fastness wore enhanced significantly by treating only with 2,4-TDI. 4. The wash fastness seems to correlate to the degree of swelling of the fabric during washing and also depend on the Interaction between dyes and acid groups as well as hydrophobic groups.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.78-84
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• 1995

Cationic surfactants can be used to modify surface of solids to promote adsorption of hydrophobic organic compounds. This behavior is due to the surfactant forming aggregate structure on the solid surface. Partition coefficients are commonly used to quantify the distribution of organic pollutants between the aqueous and particulate phases of aquatic system Partitioning of hydrophobic compounds to cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ( CTAB ) coated silicate has been investigated as a function of surfactant surface coverage at I=0 and 0.1 ionic strength. Toluene, Xylene, TCI sorption experiments demonstrated that the CTAB coated silicate was able to remove these hydrophobic organic compounds from solution The hydrophobic organic compound with the higher Kow had higher removals than lowest Kow hydrophobic organic compound.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2013

The variation of the stable region of arsenic compounds in aqueous environment with temperature has been investigated by constructing the Pourbaix diagram of arsenic at different temperatures. The standard potential corresponding to the boundary between arsenic compounds with different charge valence was estimated to be decreased with temperature, which means the stability of arsenic compound with +5 charge valence increases. The distribution diagram of the most highly oxidized arsenic compound showed that arsenic acid is formed at higher pH and arsenate is generated at lower pH as temperature rises. The aquatic toxicity due to arsenic compounds was considered to be decreased with temperature in the neutral pH condition based on the $LD_T$ value defined in this study.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.141-144
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• 2001

Na[Ga(N₃)₄]와 PPh₃의 반응으로부터 이온성 화합물 [Ph₃P(OH)]/sup +/[N₃]/sup -/ (1)이 분리되었다. 화합물1의 구조가 분광학적 방법(¹H-NMR, /sup 13/C{¹H-NMR, IR) 및 X-ray 회절법으로 규명되었다. 화합물1의 결정학 자료 : 사방정계 공간군 P2₁2₁2₁, a = 10.491(4)Å, b=11.603(5)Å, c=13.149(5)Å, Z=4, R(wR₂)=0.0547(0.0978).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1745-1750
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• 2013

A novel green aqueous mobile phase modified with room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) was employed in the absence of volatile organic solvents or ion-pairing reagents to analyze thiamine, a very polar compound, by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Due to its strongly hydrophilic nature, thiamine was eluted near the column dead time ($t_0$) using a mobile phase without adding RTILs or ion-pairing reagents, even if a 100% aqueous mobile phase, which has weak elution power under reverse phase conditions, was used. Thus, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([EMIM][$PF_6$]), which has the strongest chaotropic effect, was selected as a mobile phase additive to improve retention and avoid baseline disturbances at $t_0$. Various mobile phase parameters such as cation moiety, chaotropic anion moiety, pH and concentration of RTILs were optimized to determine thiamine at the proper retention time. Method validation was performed to assess linearity, intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision, recovery and repeatability; all results were found to be satisfactory. The developed method was also compared to the current official United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) and Korean Pharmacopoeia (KP) methods using an organic mobile phase containing an ionpairing reagent by means of evaluating various chromatographic parameters such as the capacity factor, theoretical plate number, peak asymmetry and tailing factor. The results indicated that the proposed method exhibited better efficiency of thiamine analysis than the official methods, and it was successfully applied to quantify thiamine in pharmaceutical preparations.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.272-288
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• 2000

수산화칼슘은 여러 약리작용으로 인해 근관소독제로 널리 사용되고 있는 약제이다. 근관 내에 수산화칼슘을 투약한 후 gutta-percha와 더불어 산화아연-유지놀계 근관시멘트로 근관을 충전하는 경우 근관시멘트의 물성에 변화가 있다는 보고가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수산화칼슘과 산화아연-유지놀 간의 반응에 의해 생성되는 수산화칼슘-유지놀 화합물의 반응성을 확인하기 위하여 수산화칼슘, 유지놀, 산화아연-유지놀, 수산화칼슘-유지놀 및 수산화칼슘-산화아연-유지놀 화합물을 XRD, FT-IR spectrophotometer 및 FT-NMR spectrometer로 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 수산화칼슘과 산화아연-유지놀 간의 반응으로 생성된 화합물은 다음과 같았다. 2. 수산화칼슘은 유지놀과 화학결합(이온결합)을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 3. $Ca^{2+}$과 유지놀 사이의 결합은 단순 이온결합이다. 따라서 수산화칼슘-산화아연유지놀 화합물은 중화반응에서 생기거나 외부에서 유입된 물이 존재시 쉽게 이온화되어 물리적 성질이 저하될 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2010

The electrical transport properties of mayenite ($Ca_{12}Al_{14}O_{33}$ or $12CaO{\cdot}7Al_2O_3$; mostly abbreviated as $C_{12}A_7$) can be controlled in a wide range by varying the oxygen deficiency: At high temperatures mayenite becomes either an oxygen solid electrolyte, a mixed ionic/electronic conductor or an inorganic electride with metal-like properties upon chemical reduction (removing oxygen). The underlying defect chemistry can be understood on the basis of a relatively simple model-despite the complex cage structure: A point defect model based on the assumption that the framework $[Ca_{12}Al_{14}O_{32}]^{2+}$ acts as a pseudo-donor describes well the high temperature transport properties. It accounts for the observed conductivity plateau at higher oxygen activities and also describes the experimentally observed oxygen activity dependence of the electronic conductivity with -1/4 slope at temperatures between 800 and $1000^{\circ}C$. Doping effects in mayenite are still not well explored, and we review briefly the existing data on doping by different elements. Hydration of mayenite plays a crucial role, as Mayenite is hygroscopic, which may be a major obstacle for technical applications.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.34-38
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• 1994

In order to investigate the structure-activity relationships of the stereoisomers of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, captopril and its derivatives were selected as model compounds. In vitro enzymatic activities of them depend on the symmetry at the asymmetric carbons. Especially, the alanyl carbon should have the S configuration to be biologically active. But the demethylated captopril having the achiral carbon also shows the activity although it is less active than captopril. Seven stereoisomers of captopril and its derivatives were chosen and their acidic and ionic forms were used for molecular dynamics simulations. Four computer simulations were practiced for each model compound in order to obtain the good condition for simulation to explain the experimental structure-activity relationships. From the computer simulation results, relativistic movements of three well-known pharmacophoric sites, carboxylate carbon, carbonyl oxygen, and sulfur atoms, were analyzed. Good results were obtained from the aqueous solution molecular dynamics simulation with ionic forms of model compounds. Active model compounds have the pharmacophoric areas of 6.08 to 6.38 $\AA$$^2$and the similarity in the geometrical data. But inactive ones have the largely deviated values of 4.51 to 4.87 $\AA$$^2$from those of active ones.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.1237-1245
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• 2012

The effect of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of PET fabric on the detergency of particulate soil were investigated as functions of the concentration of hydrophilic and hydrophobic chemicals, surfactant concentration, ionic strength, adhesion and removal time, and pH. The detergency of the particulate soil was determined by the adhesion of particles to and their removal from fabric, the PET fabric and ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ were used as textile materials and for the model of particulate soil, respectively. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic finish for PET fabric was treated with a polyester, silicone and fluorine organic compound of resin respectively. The adhesion of particulate soil to fabric treated with hydrophobic chemicals were slightly higher but its removal from fabric treated with hydrophobic chemicals was largely higher than fabric treated with a hydrophilic chemical regardless of solution conditions such as the concentration of hydrophilic and hydrophobic chemicals, surfactant concentration, ionic strength, adhesion and removal time, and pH. Therefore, hydrophobic treatment for fabric had a more positive effect than the hydrophilic treatment on the detergency of particulate soil.

• 분석과학
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.477-483
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• 2011

본 연구는 supercapacitor에 사용되는 전해액인 이온성 액체 EMI-$BF_4$ (1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate)를 제조 한 다음 산화알루미늄과 활성탄 그리고 액체/액체 연속 추출방법을 이용하여 고순도의 이온성 액체를 얻기 위한 정제방법을 연구하였다. 산화알루미늄과 활성탄을 이용한 정제는 고순도 이온성 액체를 얻기에는 부적합 하였고 액체/액체 연속 추출을 통한 정제과정에서 용매제의 변화에 따른 전기적 용량을 비교한 결과 이온성 액체 대비 증류수 비율을 높게 할수록 불순물제거율이 높으며 또한 supercapacitor의 전기적 성능이 좋게 나왔다. 그리고 추출용매는 1,2-dichloroethane을 이용할 경우 methylene chloride으로 추출할 때 보다 고순도의 이온성 액체를 얻었으며 또한 전기적 용량이 높게 나왔다.