• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 1984

The hospital wastewaters have to be so disposed as to prevent disease and to protect water resources from hazardous substances disinfectants, medicines, and chemicals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine complex (povidone-iodine) is widely used in the hospital as one of disinfectants. This study was carried out to manifest the effect of disinfectants in growth of activated sludge in treatment of the hospital wastewater by the activated sludge process. The results are as follow. 1. An average water quality of the hospital wastewater showed 7.2 in pH, 3.2 ppm in DO, 293.3 ppm in SS, 96.0 ppm in BOD, 151.1 ppm in COD, 0.4 ppm in povidone-iodine, 0.5 ppm in phenols, 5.4 ppm in surfactants, 1.6 ppm in o-phosphate, 4.6 ppm in $NH_3-N, 249\times 10^4$ counts/100 ml in coliform group organisms, and $1,369\times 10^2$ counts/ml in general counts of bacteria. And wastewater amounts discharged per bed was calculated 70 l/d/bed. 2. In batch culture activated sludge process, each of cresol and povidone-iodine was not effected in less than 0.1 ppm concentration, but the more concentration, the more inhibit the growth rate of activated sludge. In the mixture of two disinfectants, the growth was more inhibited the effect of single disinfectants. So that this reaction is considered as addition effect of two disinfectants. 3. The removal rates of the disinfectants-by continuous culture activated sludge process were 77.6% in 0.4 ppm povidone-iodine, and in BOD was 85.6%. 4. It is desirable that the hospital wastewater is planed in order to be discharged to two system separately, sewer from life system and wastewater from medical system. From those results, it has been concluded that the hospital wastewater has to be treated safely by the activated sludge process.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.802-804
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• 1990

${\alpha}-Cyclodextrin(CD)$이 starch-iodine 복합체를 변색시킬 수 있다는 성질을 이용하여 ${\alpha}CD$의 새로운 비색정량법을 확립하였다. 이 새로운 ${\alpha}CD$의 정량법은 다음과 같다. ${\alpha}CD$의 표준용액을 2 mg/ml까지 농도별로 준비하였다. 그리고 동량으로 혼합된 starch-iodine 복합체 용액 1ml에 ${\alpha}CD$ 표준용액 $200\;{\mu}l$와 증류수 3 ml를 함께 가하고, 570 nm에서 흡광도를 측정하였다. 이 방법으로 ${\alpha}CD$의 농도범위는 $0{\sim}2\;mg/ml$까지 측정할 수 있었고, 570 nm에서의 흡광도도 가장 좋은 직선성을 나타내었다. 한편, ${\beta}CD$와 glucose는 ${\alpha}CD$ 정량을 위한 본 방법에 아무런 방해효과가 없었다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2018

국내 의료기관의 방사성옥소(I-131) 사용과 관련하여 배수 중 방사능농도가 원자력안전법의 허용치를 초과한 사례가 발견되어, 원인 분석 및 배수 중 방사능농도 분석을 통해 주변 환경 공공수역에 대한 관계를 평가하여 유용성에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 2014년 11월 1일부터 2015년 4월 30일까지 6개월에 걸쳐 국내 20개 병원을 대상으로 하였다. 장비는 HpGe 감마선 분광 측정기(Canberra DSA1000)를 사용하였으며, 분석방법으로는 GENIE-2000 Analysis을 이용하여 방사성옥소의 배수 중 방사능농도를 측정하여 비교 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 7개 기관이 I-131 배수 중 배출관리 기준을 초과하였음을 확인하였으며, 20개 병원의 평균 배수 중 방사능 농도는 $4.21E+4 Bq/m^3$로 나타났다. 방사능농도가 높은 병원의 특징으로는 I-131을 이용한 다수의 외래환자 진료 건수, 외래전용 화장실의 부재로 확인되었다. I-131 whole body scan 전 반드시 소변을 보게 하는 과정에서 체내에 잔류한 I-131이 배출되는 것으로 판단된다. 공공수역 내 배수 중 방사능 농도가 초과 검출되는 원인으로는 진료용 방사성옥소라 판단되며, 저용량 투여환자 외래전용 화장실 설치와 안전관리 지침서 제공 및 교육 강화의 중요성을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 배수 중 배출관리기준과 관련하여 법적, 제도적 관리 체계 구축이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 1976

The growth of Sal. choleraesuis and its kunzendorf variety in tetrathionate broth containing various amounts of iodine solution was studied and compared with that of Sal. typhi, Sal. typhimurium and E. coli. The results obtained were as followings. 1. When 2.0 ml of iodine solution, normal amount, was added to 100 ml of tetrathionate broth base, the number of Sal. choleraesuis decreased rapidly until 24 hours after inoculation and slightly increased 48 hours after inoculation. The numbers of Sal. choleraesuis var. kunzendorf and E. coli decreased rapidly and none of the organisms recovered 24 and 48 hours after inoculation, respectively. The growth of Sal. typhi and Sal. typhimurium, however, was not inhibited at all. 2. When 4.0 ml of iodine solution was added, to 100 ml of tetrathionate broth base, the growth of all the organisms was inhibited, among which Sal. choleraesuis, Sal. choleraesuis var. kunzendorf, and E. coli were not recovered 24 and 48 hours after inoculation. 3. When reduced amounts of iodine solution, 1.0 ml and 0.5 ml, were added to 100 ml of tetrathionate broth base, the growth of all the organisms was not inhibited.

• 분석과학
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.528-533
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• 1999

유도결합 플라스마-질랑분석법을 이용하여 혈청, 생우유 및 사료첨가제 중 요오드를 정량하였다. 시료를 매트릭스 변형제인 $NH_4OH$(0.5% v/v)+$CH_3OH$(5% v/v) 혼합용액으로 25배 묽힌 다음, m/z=127에서 이온세기를 측정하였다. 이 방법에 대한 요오드의 검정곡선은 $0-100{\mu}g/L$ 범위에서 상관계수($R^2$)가 0.99인 직선관계를 나타내었으며, 검출한계는 $0.084{\mu}g/L$이었다. 최적 분석 및 기기 조건에서 분유 표준시료를 분석한 결과 상대오차는 2.30-4.73% 범위이었다. 또한 혈청, 생우유, 동물의 사료 첨가제 등과 같은 실제시료를 분석한 결과 요오드의 함유량은 각각 $12.4-40.2{\mu}g/L$, < 0.01-3.11 mg/L,< $10^{-7}-2.60g/kg$ 범위이었다.

• Endocrinology and Metabolism
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.466-472
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• 2018

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is associated with negative neonatal and obstetric outcomes. Large differences in thyroid function reference intervals exist across different populations. These differences can be explained by population-specific factors, such as iodine status. Many countries in Latin America report iodine sufficiency, but relatively few countries have published up-to-date data on iodine levels and thyroid function in the overall population, and especially in pregnant women. We evaluated the iodine status of pregnant women in Chile and determined thyroid hormone reference ranges in this population. Methods: This was a prospective observational study of healthy Chilean women at their first prenatal visit before week 14. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine ($T_4$), free $T_4$, antithyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and iodine levels from spot urine samples were measured. Iodine status and the reference ranges for TSH were calculated. Results: A total of 1,022 pregnant women in the first trimester were selected. Urinary iodine levels were measured in 302 randomly-selected women. The median urinary iodine concentration was $173.45{\mu}g/L$ (interquartile range, 108.11 to 249.35).The reference ranges of TSH were calculated in 670 patients selected according to the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry guidelines. The median TSH level was $1.88{\mu}IU/mL$ (2.5th percentile: 0.13 to 97.5th percentile: 5.37). Using the reference range in the 1,022 women, the prevalence of clinical hypothyroidism was 1.76%, and that of subclinical hypothyroidism was 3.92%. TPOAb positivity was more common in women with TSH levels above $3.5{\mu}IU/mL$. Conclusion: We found adequate iodine intake and a right-shifted distribution of serum TSH levels in pregnant women in Chile. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in our sample of pregnant women was higher than has been described in the literature.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권8호
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• pp.2761-2766
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• 2021

A method for preparing "reagent" for radioactive methyliodide vapors production using an isotopic exchange reaction has been developed. Based on the obtained data of the isotopic exchange efficiency and hydraulic resistance, white fused alumina (700-840 ㎛) was selected as the carrying agent material for "reagent" production. The radioiodine isotopic exchange dependences on such parameters as temperature, gas flow velocity, and the methyliodide concentration in it were determined. Optimal conditions have been selected to achieve 85% of the isotopic exchange rate in 1 h of the experiment. The obtained data allowed to develop an approach to the test of iodine filters for nuclear power plants and to determine their efficiency.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.174-179
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• 1992

$CHCl_3,\;CHCl_3 : CH_2Cl_2$(1 : 1), 및 $CH_2Cl_2$ 용매 중에서 aniline과 iodine간의 반응을 전도도법을 이용하여 속도론적으로 조사하였다. 유사 1차반응 속도상수($k_{obs}$) 및 2차 반응속도상수 ($k_{obs}$/[aniline])가 aniline 농도 의존성을 보였다. 실험적으로 구한 2차반응 속도 상수는 aniline 농도 증가와 더불어 증가하였다. 이러한 결과를 반응중간체로서 전하이동 착물생성에 기인하는 것으로 보고, 반응 메카니즘의 설정과 속도식의 유도로부터 착물 생성에 따른 평형상수와 변환에 따른 활성화 파라미터를 계산하였다. 평형상수는 용매의 유전상수의 증가와 더불어 감소하였으며, 1.7-3.7$M^{-1}$의 값을 보였다. 또한 변환의 빠르기는 용매의 극성에 크게 의존하였으며, ${\Delta}H^{\neq}$ 값은 약 14.2kJ/mol, ${\Delta}S^{\neq}$값은 약 -243j/mol K의 큰 음의 값을 나타내었다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2008

본 연구는 스테인레스 스틸망에 페놀수지와 셀룰로즈를 이용한 활성탄소 망의 제조에 관한 것이다. 본 연구에서 활성화제로는 $ZnCl_2$를 사용하였다. $ZnCl_2$을 이용한 회화학적 활성화 방법은 활성탄소에게 많은 공극을 제공하는 것으로 일려져 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 스테인레스 스틸망과 페놀수지를 이용한 활성탄소망의 제조에 관한 최적의 조건을 찾아내는 것이다. 활성화온도가 $450^{\circ}C$이상에서 요오드 흡착능이 높았으며, 페놀수지만을 금속 지지체에 입힌 경우 활성화온도 $550^{\circ}C$와 $ZnCl_2$ 농도 15%, 페놀수지 농도 20% 일 때 요오드 흡착능이 657mg/g로 측정되었다. 페놀수지 에 셀룰로즈를 첨가 하였을 경우, 활성화 $550^{\circ}C$와 $ZnCl_2$농도 15%, 셀룰로즈함량 10%에서 요오드 흡착량이 1359.4mg/g을 나타내었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1989

The weak UV absorbing antihistaminics such as chlorpheniramine, triprolidine, tripelennamine and diphenhydramine were analyzed by charge-transfer spectrophotometric method. The results obtained are summarized as folows. It was possible to determine a weak UV absorbing antihistaminics using the intense charge-transfer UV bands in chloroform. Charge transfer complexes were formed in a 1:1 ratio between antihistaminics and iodine in chloroform. Linear relationship was found between absorbance and concentration in the range of $1.0\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M-5.0\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M$ for chlorpheniramine( ${\varepsilon}\;=\;2.082\;{\times}\;10^4$) and tripelennamine ( ${\varepsilon}\;=\;1.578\;{\times}\;10^4$), $1.0\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M-8.0\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M$ for triprolidine ( ${\varepsilon}\;=\;1.120\;{\times}\;10^4$) and $1.0\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M-1.0\;{\times}\;10^{-4}M$ for diphenhydramine ( ${\varepsilon}\;=\;9.900\;{\times}\;10^3$). Charge transfer complexes of chlorpheniramine, triprolidine and tripelennamine have absorption maxima at 293 nm and complex form of diphenhydramine has absorption maximum at 270 nm. By UV, IR spectra, it could be inferred that CT-complexes were formed by interaction between the basic nitrogen of antihistaminics as electron donor (non bonding electron) and iodine as electron acceptor (${\sigma}$ bonding electron).