• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.247-256
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• 1974

The Merit variety of soybean (Glycine max L.), harvested in 1971 was germinated in the dark at $21{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. The soybean sprout were divided into cotyledons and seedling axis and subjected to the determination of lipoxygenase activity and fatty acid composition of triglycerides, free fatty acids, phosholipids and crude fat fractions at two-day intervals during the germination periods. The results are summarized as follows 1) The lipoxygenase activity in cotyledons declined sharply after second day, but the activity in seedling axis inclined slightly after second day. However, the decrease of lipoxygenase activity in cotyledons coincided with decrease of linoleic and linolenic acids in cotyledons and increase of lipoxygenase activity in seedling axis coincided with increase of those acids in seedling axis. 2) The iodine value of neutral fat in cotyledons decreased continuously, but the iodine value of the neutral fat in seedling axis remained almost constant. iodine value in cotyeldons was greater than in seedling axis. 3) In the fatty acid composition of triglycerides in cotyledons, palmitic acid did not changes significantly, stearic acid increased continuously, oleic acid changed irregularly, linoleic and linolenic acids continuously decreased significantly. But in the fatty acid composition of triglycerides in seedling axis, palmitic acid remained unchanged, linoleic and linolenic acids slightly increased continuously, stearic and oleic acids changed irregularly. 4) Composition of free fatty acids in cotyledons and seedling axis changed irregularly, suggesting that all fatty acids produced by hydrolysis of triglycerides by lipase are used(or either biosynthetic Purpose or energy Production at random. 5) Fatty acids with odd-numbered carbon chain were not detected in the triglycerides and free fatty acid fractions during the germination periods, suggesting that all fatty acids are utilized as $C_2$-unit in degradation and biosynthesis. 6) The changes of fatty acids composition of Phospholipid in cotyledons and seedling axis during the germination were similar to these of triglyceride fraction.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.781-786
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• 1993

In the presence of $Mg^{2+}$, the interaction of nonionic surfactants, $nonylphenol-(ethylene oxide)_n$[NP-nEO; n = 12, 40, 100] with iodine in aqueous solution were investigated by UV-visible spectrophotometer. CMC (critical micelle concentration) was decreased with increasing $Mg^{2+}$ concentration, and those effects depend upon EO (ethylene oxide) numbers. Above CMC, the intensity of interaction peaks by the addition of $Mg^{2+}$ increased and then decreased. The increase in the intensity of the interaction peaks were attributed to the compactness of micelle in the presence of $Mg^{2+}$. These phenomena may be explained by the fact that the linear ethylene oxide chains, to be free configuration in aqueous solution, could form a psuedo-crown ether structures capable of forming complex with $Mg^{2+}$.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.737-741
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• 1997

The typical removal method of volatile organic compounds is adsorption process. In this study, granular activated carbon and activated carbon fiber were used as adsorbents, and the adsorption behavior for the two types of adsorbent was compared. And they were regenerated by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction at a constant temperature, 318.15 K, and 2000, 2500, 3000 psi respectively. The desorption percentage of initial adsorbates and iodine values were increased with pressure of supercritical carbon dioxide. The regeneration time was 70 and 60 minutes in adsorbents loaded with methyl ethyl ketone(MEK) and benzene, respectively. The desorption percentages were 64.0% for granular activated carbon and 55.3% for activated carbon fiber loaded with MEK, and 59.1% for granular activated carbon and 45.2% for activated carbon fiber loaded with benzene. The exit concentration could be evaluated by Tan and Liou model. Therefore, the granular activated carbon and the activated carbon fiber could be regenerated by supercritical fluid extraction process.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.419-423
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• 1998

Indonesian coal-based activated carbon was manufactured with steam-reaction method. Also effects of carbonization temperature and steam amount on the process yield and quality of the product were investigated at the activation temperature of $900^{\circ}C$. The rotary kiln type furnace was used for both carbonization and activation and the optimum operation conditions were carbonization temperature of $700^{\circ}C$, steam amount of 2.7g steam/g char and activation temperature of $900^{\circ}C$. At this condition, the iodine value of activated carbon was 1,010 mg/g. Methylene Blue Adsorption Number was 230mg/g and B.E.T. surface area was $1,020m^2/g$ with the hardness about 97.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.326-331
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• 2017

Castor oil can be used as a useful raw material for chemical industries such as intermediates of surfactants through hydrogenation reaction. In this study, effects of the preparation method and pretreatment condition on the nickel catalyst for the hydrogenation of castor oil were investigated. The nickel catalyst was supported on the silica carrier by the precipitation method with different Ni contents, solution pH values, and precipitants. Repeated pretreatments of oxidation and reduction cycles were then carried out. The activity of the nickel catalyst was measured by comparing the iodine value of the castor oil. The dispersion of nickel on the catalyst was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), $N_2$ adsorption-desorption, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The activity of nickel catalyst was also compared by CO oxidation experiments. The redispersion of nickel occurred on the silica by repeated oxidation and reduction cycles, and this effect contributed to promoting the castor oil hydrogenation activity.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 2009

The purposes of this study are to treat sewage sludge that has increasingly become an issue and to recycle it as the adsorbent. The adsorbent was produced by carbonization and simultaneous steam activation, and its characteristics were studied. Parametric screening studies were carried out for the preparation of good adsorbent. Optimum operating conditions were confirmed as input carbonization-activated temperature of $840^{\circ}C$, feed steam flow rate of 70 g/min, carbonization-activated time of 30 min and feed dried sludge of 10.8 kg/day, respectively. At this time, the iodine adsorptivity was maximized as 328.1 mg/g. Pore development, structure, element compound and content were confirmed by using nanoPOROSITY, SEM (Scanning electron microscope), and EDS (Energy dispersive spectroscopy). Through this result, it was known that the adsorbent derived from sewage sludge could be used for the treatment of leachate in a landfill, VOCs (Volatile organic compounds), and so on.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.657-661
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• 1989

Symmetrical divinyl ketone or divinyl ${\alpha}$-diketone was synthesized in moderately good yields through palladium catalyzed carbonylative homocoupling reaction of vinylmercuric chlorides with carbon monoxide. In order to find out optimum synthetic reaction conditions, we examined the effect of catalysts, bases, solvents and reaction temperature when (E)-styrylmercuric chloride was used as a typical starting material. The best yield of divinyl ${\alpha}$-diketone was obtained in the reaction using 10 mol% of dichlorobis(triphenyl phosphine)palladium (II) as a catalyst, an equivalent of pyridine as a base, 10 mol% of iodine and acetonitrile at 50${\circ}$C under 10 atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide. The yield of divinyl ${\alpha}$-diketone was decreased under atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.403-407
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• 1995

For the use of starch gel like Mook(a Korean traditional gel food), the physicochemical properties and gelatinization patterns of defatted high amylose corn starch were investigated. The crude and total lipid contents of starch decreased by defatting from 0.07%, 0.92% to 0.03%, 0.19%, respectively. But iodine affinity increased from 51.6% to 71.3%. Water binding capacity of starches increased from 104.6% to 117.3% after defatting. Soluble carbohydrate and leached amylose of untreated and defatted starches were increased rapidly above $110^{\circ}C$. The apparent viscosity of starch dispersion using alkali solution increased above 0.3N NaOH solution but the transmittance increased above 0.4 N NaOH. The DSC thermograms of both starches showed broad and double endotherm with relatively low enthalpy, but the second peak of endotherm was larger in defatted starch than in untreated starch.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.377-384
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• 1988

Carotenoprotein from Salmo Salar eggs was purified and characterized by CM-cellulose, 50% $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, DEAE-cellulose and sephadex G-75 column. The chromoprotein had a spectrum with ${\lambda}_{max}$ 409, 540 and 580nm in p-buffer (pH 7.0) at initial step. Molecular weights by sephadex G-200 gel filtration were 50, 200 and 26,000 daltons. SDS-PAGE analysis showed a structure with four identical subunits (12,500 daltons). Its sample retained a small amount of carbohydrates and lipids. Amino acids were analyzed, and mannose, galactose and glucosamine also were identified. Carotenoid extacted with acetone was found to be astaxanthin ester by partition test, epoxy test, iodine test, allylic test, reduction, acetylation, uv/vis, ir and nmr datas. Stearate (47.9%) and palmitate (21.4%) were predominant fatty acids in the astaxanthin ester.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.137-141
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• 1985

Some properties of six kinds of waxy starches isolated from Olchal and Hankang(both of waxy rice), Chalborie (waxy barley), Yullmoo (waxy Job' tears), Chajoe (waxy foxtail millet), Chalsusu (waxy great millet) and Chalocsusu(waxy corn) were investigated. The average diameters of their starch granules were $4.2{\sim}19.0$ microns. X-ray diffraction study showed that these starches had A pattern. Blue values of iodine complexes of these waxy starches were $0.02{\sim}0.08$. The number of glucose units per segment of amylopectin molecule were $21{\sim}23$. Their raising powers were $180{\sim}280$.