• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.151-174
• /
• 2021

This paper empirically examines whether and how inward foreign direct investment (FDI) affected industrial productivity in Korea during the 2000-2016 period, based on dynamic panel data of inflow FDI on an arrival basis from 427 manufacturing industries. The paper adds to the literature by analyzing whether both technology spillovers and industrial restructuring from inward FDI can differ according to industrial characteristics such as capital intensity, imported intermediate inputs, and tariffs. The empirical results show that the overall effects of inward FDI on total factor productivity (TFP) were statistically insignificant in general. However, the positive effects of inward FDI on productivity became statistically significant for industries with lower tariffs. Capital intensity were not involved in the relationship between inward FDI and productivity. Thus, the paper highlights that the results in previous studies with inward FDI on a notification basis were overestimated and inward FDI policies in Korea should focus on channels such as trade liberalization and the redistribution of production factors rather than capital accumulation.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.35-58
• /
• 2020

Purpose - This study examines the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) location choice for Chinese firms, focusing on the agglomeration effect for firms of the same nationality. Design/methodology - The empirical data are China's inward FDI from the top 19 economies (excluding tax havens and Taiwan) in terms of FDI during 1997-2015 and China's outward FDI from the top 18 economies (excluding tax havens). This study uses a random effects generalized least squares model for panel data analysis. Findings - The results confirm that both host countries' costs and market conditions and the degree of agglomeration affect these countries' attractiveness for FDI inflows. Specifically, agglomeration has a significant effect on China's inward and outward FDI. This study confirms that the agglomeration of firms of the same nationality has predictive power for multinational enterprises' FDI location choices. The host countries' real GDP and trade openness also positively affect FDI inflows. Interestingly, however, China's production cost has a positive effect. Thus, inward FDI aimed at entering the Chinese market is increasing in recent years relative to the previous efficiency-seeking FDI. Inward FDI in China is therefore the market-entry type, whereas outward FDI by Chinese firms is the market-oriented type. Originality/value - These results suggest that the effects of the potential determinants of Chinese outward FDI are similar to those of inward FDI as China's trade liberalization progresses.

• 무역학회지
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.87-99
• /
• 2019

Recently there are sharp increase in number of studies related with facilitation of Inward-FDI or Multinational Enterprises invested in Korea region. The most of studies are mainly purposing to survey - 1)how Korea Government makes counter plan and assistance policy to make foreign capital and Inward-FDI more attractively and aggressively, 2)what is the new framework or system for Inward-FDI policy, 3)what is economic effect of Inward-FDI, 4)what are determinants or conclusive factors of FDI in Korea. Under this situation, the goal of this report is to find out the new way for Multinational Enterprises to reinvest continuously thru getting their better investment performances on several factors including Marketing Competence, Management Ability, Localization Management Skill, Business Management Strategy, and R&D Competitiveness which would be much more important determinants influencing re-investment of Multinational Enterprises in Kora. This report based on the empirical result and comprehensive analysis will eventually help policy makers to implement the appropriate strategy and support Multinational Enterprises to proceed positive circle's re-investment activity in the end.

• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.151-167
• /
• 2014

본 논문은 무역개방의 확대와 해외직접투자로 인한 세계화의 확대가 한국의 소득분배에 미친 영향을 분석하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 소득분배의 불평등과 관련하여 중요한 결정요인이 무엇인가를 밝혀내기 위해 기존의 연구에서 중요한 결정요인으로 간주한 무역개방, 1인당 개인소득은 물론 FDI에 중점을 두었으며, 이를 국내 유입된 FDI와 해외로 유출된 FDI로 구분하여 모형을 분석하였다. 본 연구는 이를 위해 1992년부터 2011년까지의 매년의 시계열 자료를 가지고 단위근과 공적분 검정, 그리고 오차수정모형도 실행하여 분석하였다. 분석결과에 따르면, 무역개방과 1인당 GDP의 증가는 한국의 소득분배에 긍정적인 영향을 준 것으로 나타났다. 이는 수출의 증가로 인한 무역개방의 확대가 소득의 증가를 가져오는 동시에 소득분배의 형평성을 제고시켰다고 할 수 있다. 반면에 FDI의 경우를 보면, 국내로 유입된 해외직접투자와 해외로 유출된 FDI 모두 소득분배의 불평등을 야기한 것으로 나타났다. 결국 FDI 유입과 유출이 확대되는 경우 소득분배의 불평등이 더욱 증가하였음을 의미한다고 하겠다. 또한 분석결과, 국내로 유입된 FDI가 해외로 유출된 FDI보다 소득분배의 불평등에 더 부정적인 결과를 초래한 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 Freenstra and Hanson (2007)의 가설과 일맥상통하는 점이 있다. 따라서 정책입안자는 FDI 유입정책과 관련하여 좀 더 실용적인 정책을 마련하는 것이 필요하다고 할 수 있다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.55-72
• /
• 2020

Purpose - In this paper, we provide recommendations for Korea's long-term direction and strategic measures to attract inward foreign direct investment (FDI) in response to Japan's export regulations. In doing so, we analyze the current situation and characteristics of trade between Korea and Japan, focusing on the parts and materials industry, which is particularly affected by Japan's trade regulations. Design/methodology - Based on the analysis of five successful inward FDI cases (e.g. Toray, IGK, Delkor, GlobalWafers, DuPont) and statistic trend review in the parts and materials industry, we consider various factors pertaining to successful inward FDI in Korea and propose valuable investment attraction strategies. Findings - For a successful investment attraction strategy, we studied some statistical trends in the internal and external environments of the parts and materials industry and successful investment attraction cases in Korea. We have found that in order to increase the probability of success in attracting investment, we need a mid-to long-term strategy considering multiple factors such as "Production-oriented, Demand-linked, Global Value Chain (VGC) linked, and Policy-linked investment attraction." Originality/value - We suggest several specific measures and important strategic implications for the Korean government and firm's managers to attract inward FDI successfully.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제8권11호
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 2021

This study empirically examines the proposition that the domestic fundamentals of a nation can emerge as absorptive capacity factors to reap the benefits of inward FDI. The study is contextualized in Asia, set from1982 to 2017, and data is grouped into low-income and lower-middle-income economies, in comparison to high-income and upper-middle-income economies, catering to different geographical regions within Asia. The investigation is based on a series of absorptive capacity factors such as infrastructure, human capital, domestic credit, and health indicator. The methodological analysis is premised on dynamic panel structure and employs the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation technique. The empirical findings suggest that that the infrastructure variable appears to be the major absorptive capacity factor for both groups of countries. The health indicator, on the other hand, can help reap the benefits of inward FDI, but only if the threshold level is met. The selected economies must achieve this threshold level to reap the benefits of FDI. To absorb the benefits of inward FDI, countries must be proactive in providing sound infrastructure and implementing proper healthcare measures.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제8권12호
• /
• pp.283-293
• /
• 2021

To verify the employment impact of two-directional FDI, the study analyzes panel data composed of 26 OECD countries from 2006 to 2018 by using the system GMM. Furthermore, we decompose domestic employment into types of industries and skill compositions to identify the heterogeneous employment impact. The results show that inward and outward FDI at lag one period promote domestic employment at the overall level. In terms of workers' skill levels, lagged inward FDI significantly persistently promotes high-skilled workers' employment, likewise, the positive employment impact also appears with a time lag in low-skilled labor subgroups. Outward FDI, on the other hand, initially inhibits both high- and low-skilled labor demand, but then changes to a positive effect in the highskilled labor subgroups. Although there is a time difference between inward and outward FDI, it has a significant and positive impact on employment in the manufacturing and service industries. The results indicate that the relationship between manufacturing and service employment is a mutual substitute. To attract international investors, governments should promote a favorable investment climate and maintain stable economic growth. Because low-skilled labor is more susceptible to changes in FDI, policy measures are required to ensure employment stability.

• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.417-444
• /
• 2013

This paper aims to empirically identify the effects of FTAs on outward and inward FDIs in Korea. Considering the income differences between Korea and its FTA partners, we hypothesize that FTAs have a positive effect on outward FDI to developing countries and inward FDI from developed countries. An underlying source of the hypothesis is the Knowledge-Capital model, addressing the positive (negative) relationship between trade costs and horizontal (vertical) FDI. We test for the hypothesis using data on Korea's FTAs and FDI over the period 2000-2010. We find that our empirical results support the hypothesis, and additionally, FTAs in general encourage FDI by creating an FDI-friendly environment.

• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.27-47
• /
• 2012

2006년의 미국의 금융위기 및 현재 유럽의 재정위기로 인하여 세계경제는 침체의 위기에 서 있으며 저성장 고실업율의 문제를 해결하기 위하여 여러 가지 방법을 강구하고 있다. 따라서 경제성장에 원인이 되는 요인이 무엇인지에 대한 연구는 끊임없이 되어오고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 수출, 수입, 외국인 직접투자 및 해외직접투자 등이 경제성장에 미치는 영향과 변수들간 상호 어떠한 영향을 미칠 것인가에 대한 분석을 하는 것과 IMF를 전후로 하여 분석을 실시하여 국내경제의 변화가 실질적으로 변수들 간에 영향을 어떻게 미친 것인가에 대하여 알아보는 것에 그 목적이 있다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 위와 같은 연구를 바탕으로 아래와 같은 결론을 낼 수가 있었다. 1997년을 중심으로 변수들간의 인과관계에 대한 많은 변화가 있었다는 것이다. IMF기간이전에서는 보이지 않던 GDP와 해외직접투자 및 외국인 직접투자의 인과관계가 확인됨으로서, IMF 구제금융 이후 한국의 자본시장의 개방이 외국인직접투자 및 해외직접투자에 영향을 끼쳤음을 알 수가 있었다. 또한 외국인직접투자와 해외직접투자의 연관성 역시 한국의 자본시장 개방과 관련성으로 판단지어 볼 수가 있었다. 결론적으로 말해서, 수출입 등의 실물시장보다는 급증하고 있는 자본시장의 영향이 거시경제변수들간에 인과관계를 좀 더 잘 설명하고 있는 예가 아닐까 생각된다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제9권9호
• /
• pp.143-156
• /
• 2022

This article examines the effect of inward foreign direct investments (FDI) on the export performance of micro, small & medium enterprises (MSMEs) in India, and investigates the spillover impact and absorption capacity of the MSMEs sector. For the first time, the researchers applied the intersectoral linkage approach to investigate the matter and used a panel dataset between 2006 and 2017. The coefficients of forward and backward linkages are estimated by using the Rasmussen method, the study employs a basic linear panel data model, followed by various diagnostic tests to identify the problem of heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation / serial correlation, cross-sectional dependencies, multicollinearity, time-individual specific tests, and unobserved effects. The PCSE model was applied for robust standard error and the Hausman-Taylor IV model to check the robustness of the result generated in the linear panel data model. Despite the high prevalence of forward and backward intersectoral connections and the Lack of absorption capacity of local firms, the results show that FDI has little of an impact on the export performance of micro, small, and medium-sized businesses in India. This study adds to the existing literature on determining local firms' spillover effect and absorption capacity in response to inward FDI.