• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.4 no.4 s.16
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• pp.137-144
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• 2003

Recently, the interest in a complex building increases rapidly in Korea. High-rise complex is not simply the combination of a residential apartment and a business office as previous but a building with the object of the convenience of the residents familiar with city-life style through adapting the high class life style and new residential culture to the business space, and the efficiency in using the limited building site in the town. This study presents an exploratory analysis focusing the structural system with the help of the extensive survey of the construction site in Korea, and aims a guideline for the structural design and construction of high rise complex. Through the survey, change and development in the design and the construction can be seen as the height and size of the complex grow. It is almost indispensable to design a structural system against lateral forces like earthquake or wind, which is usually measured by story drift ratio or story displacement. Improvement of the structural materials and their usages is also included for the efficiency of the structural system. Useful slab-beam system contributing to the decrease of the story height is still a concern.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2017

Purpose: To describe technical methods for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study with arterial spin labeling (ASL) compared to blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) technique and discuss the potential of ASL for research and clinical practice. Materials and Methods: Task-based (n = 1) and resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) (n = 20) were performed using ASL and BOLD techniques. Results of both techniques were compared. Results: For task-based fMRI with finger-tapping, the primary motor cortex of the contralateral frontal lobe and the ipsilateral cerebellum were activated by both BOLD and ASL fMRI. For rs-fMRI of sensorimotor network, functional connectivity showed similar results between BOLD and ASL. Conclusion: ASL technique has potential application in clinical and research fields because all brain perfusion imaging, CBF measurement, and rs-fMRI study can be performed in a single acquisition.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.43-56
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• 2003

In this study, learning materials that can be applied for web-based distant learning model were developed based on the characteristics of elementary school science in which investigation skills and thinking ability are considered to be important. And the effect of students' activity in a discussion room on student's investigating and thinking ability was investigated. Through very active on-line discussion, students showed their ability to come up with new ideas and to design and implement diverse experimental methods. Especially, since all of the study tasks given to the students were aimed to utilize experimental means and tools that are so common in everyday life, shortfalls that might reside in the web-based distant learning program could be overcome and students' investigative activity might be stimulated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.373-384
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• 2000

This study is to demonstrate purple color characteristics by analyzing various purple clothing from Antiquity to modern fashion. In this respect, both documentary and investigative studies have been performed. Through, the documentary studies, the changes and examples of purple clothing were scrutinized, and images of purple were classified based on the Color Image Scale. Purple color samples applied during a period from 1993 to 1996, were collected from 33 women's domestic brands, and the colors were measured by the CE 7000 spectrophotometer and analyzed by Munsell HV/C. The results were shown as follows; 1. In Antiquity, the symbolic value of purple was heavenly color, because it was a bearer of light, a sign of the epiphany of the gods. 2. With the advent of synthetic dyes, purples were in the vanguard. This chemical synthesis gave purple, historically a regal prerogative, to the people, and enjoyed a memorable vogue in the mid-mineteenth century. 3. The purple images in fashion were changed by the factors such as culture-art, technological advances, political-economical situations, sports ect., and appears in modern fashion romantic, natural elegance, classic, gorgeous, chic, and dandy images. 4. In the result of analytical study on women's purple dress in domestic market, 10PB hue and P tone were mosetly used from 1993 to 1996.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.127-136
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• 2006

The intent of this study is to propose future planning guidelines and directions of the mixed-use buildings in the residential land development district in country-side cities, based on the concept that the neighborhood facilities are to be strategically laid out in a convenient location and planned in a proper manner for a healthy, safe, friendly and new neighborhood environment. For this purpose, seventeen mixed-use buildings which had been built in Shin-Eum housing development district in Gimcheon from 1995 until 2004 were chosen and investigated in terms of architectural characteristics in that process with surveying and analyzing those. The scope of investigation on case studies was that site size would be below 400 square meters, total area below 1500 square meters, and the number of stories below five stories high on the ground. Method of investigation on those was through field investigation, field photographs, recordings and drawings on those. Investigative contents have been divided and analyzed into the quantitative and qualitative factors in urban and architectural dimension. From results of quantitative investigations, five planning guidelines or directions could be obtained. From results of qualitative investigations, five planning guidelines or directions could be obtained. The criteria will be applied to new architectural developments of the neighborhood facilities linked with the small shops.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.404-414
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• 2013

This study was conducted for investigating the characteristics of children's experiences in plants and their relationship with ecological literacy. 578 primary students participated in our survey, who consisted of 240 urban and 338 semi-rural children. The questionnaire for this study was composed of items about their experiences in plants and ecological literacy. Children's experiences in plants were classified to 5 factors; indirect/observable, living, investigative, negative, and active experiences in plants. The most important factor of them is indirect/observable experience which tends to be passive. Children's ecological literacy and experiences in plants were not different with a place of residence but had difference with sexual. Most children's experiences in plants had correlation with ecological literacy. Ecological sensibility was the most important variable for explanation of the relation between children's ecological literacy and experiences in plants. It is recommended that supplying experiments in plants to children is important for promoting their ecological literacy.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.107-117
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• 2017

Objective: Whereas some studies have suggested that source monitoring is significantly associated with working memory and inhibitory control, both of which are components of executive functioning, other studies have argued otherwise. The author of this study determined that such contradictory findings are a result of heterogeneity in the assessment methods for source monitoring. Therefore, this study aimed at exploring whether the relationships among source monitoring, working memory, and inhibitory control may be altered depending on the differences of source recall conditions. Methods: Eighty children aged 5-8 years saw interesting activities via two different sources. Their source memories on the activity were assessed subsequently. The children were assigned to either the "continuous" source recall group or "non-continuous" source recall group. Both groups participated in working memory and inhibitory control tasks. Results: The results showed that working memory was significantly related to source monitoring regardless of the condition of source recall (continuous vs non-continuous). On the other hand, inhibitory control was significantly associated with source monitoring only in the non-continuous source recall group. Conclusion: Based on these results, the author discussed the need to consider the conditions of source recall during investigative interviews with children in order to induce accurate source monitoring, as part of our effort to interpret the inconsistency of results in the literature and to draw potential applications.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.163-173
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• 2009

Objectives : The goal of this study was to investigative the effect of Gardeniae Fructus (GF)as antidepressant in the forced swimming test(FST) model rats. Methods : The expressions of corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and c-fos were measured by immunohistochemical method at paraventricular nucleus(PVN), locus coeruleus (LC) and ventral tegmental area(VTA). Results : The duration of immobility in FST was significantly decreased in the GF 100mg/kg groups (p<0.05). CRF expression was significantly decreased at PVN in the GF 100 mg/kg and 400mg/kg treated group in comparison with the control group, respectively (p<0.01). c-fos expression was decreased at PVN in the GF 100 mg/kg treated group with no significance. TH expression was significantly decreased in the GF 100 mg/kg and 400mg/kg treated group in comparison with the control group, at LC and VTA respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion : According to the results, it can be considered that Gardeniae Fructus has antidepressant effect by showing the reduction of immobility in FST through the reduction of CRF, TH expression.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.461-469
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• 2014

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent pollutants in aquatic environments, often causing the decline or disappearance of wild populations. In this study, we used a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay to evaluate the effects on the genomic DNA of olive flounder embryo and larval stages of exposure to Aroclor 1254 at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 20, and $40{\mu}g/L$. We compared RAPD fingerprints of exposed and non-exposed samples. Polymorphisms were revealed as the presence and/or absence of DNA fragments between the two samples. A dose-dependent increase in the number of polymorphic bands was observed with Aroclor 1254 treatment. Also, RAPD profiles of animals exposed to Aroclor 1254 exhibited an increase in the frequency values (FV) compared to the control. A phenogram constructed using neighbor-joining method indicated that genomic template stability in developing embryo and larval stages was significantly affected at ${\geq}5{\mu}g/L$. This study suggested that DNA polymorphisms detected by RAPD analysis could be used as an investigative tool for environmental toxicology and as a useful biomarker in early life stages for the detection of potential genotoxicants.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2015

Background and Purpose: The association between the low emotional regulation and the brain structural change of major depressive disorder (MDD) has been proposed, but the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies on female MDD are rare. The purpose of the present study was to show the regional volume changes of gray matter (GM) in female patients with MDD by optimized VBM. Methods: To control subjects homogeneity, twenty female MDD patients and age, sex matched 21 normal controls were included for the VBM analysis. To identify the change of regional gray matter volume (GMV), the optimized VBM was performed with T1 MRIs. The amounts of gray/white matter and intracranial cavity volumes (ICV) were measured. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and partial correlation analyses covariate with age and ICV were applied for VBM. Results: The age and ICV distributions were similar between the two groups. In the ANCOVA, the total GMV of MDD was smaller than that of normal controls. In the VBM, regional GMV was relatively decreased in the limbic system (amygdalae, ambient gyri, hippocampi heads, subiculum, posterior parahippocampal gyri, pulvinar nuclei, dorsal posterior cingulate gyri, and left pregenual cingulate gyrus). The lingual gyri, short insular gyri, right fusiform gyrus, and right inferior frontal gyrus were also showed decreased regional GMV. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the female MDD is mainly associated with the structural deficits of the limbic system and limbic system related cortices, which were known to the center of emotions.