• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.615-625
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• 2023

Initial geometrical imperfection is an important factor affecting the structural characteristics of plate and shell structures. Studying the effect of geometrical imperfection on the structural characteristics of cylindrical shell is beneficial to explore the thermal post-buckling response characteristics of cylindrical shell. Therefore, we devote to investigating the thermal post-buckling behavior of graphene platelets reinforced mental foam (GPLRMF) cylindrical shells with geometrical imperfection. The properties of GPLRMF material with considering three types of graphene platelets (GPLs) distribution patterns are introduced firstly. Subsequently, based on Donnell nonlinear shell theory, the governing equations of cylindrical shell are derived according to Eulerian-Lagrange equations. Taking into account two different boundary conditions namely simply supported (S-S) and clamped supported (C-S), the Galerkin principle is used to solve the governing equations. Finally, the impact of initial geometrical imperfections, the GPLs distribution types, the porosity distribution types, the porosity coefficient as well as the GPLs mass fraction on the thermal post-buckling response of the cylindrical shells are analyzed.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.553-556
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to contribute to the development of clinical treatment for psoriasis through analyzing and investigating the result of the process of the treatment used for the treatment for psoriasis with prescription of Gamisoyosan, prescription for psoriasis No.1, and No.2. This clinical treatment approached by using 3 steps. In Step 1 7 patients with psoriasis were classified based on the severity of the disease and the types of psoriasis. Step 2, Proper treatment was applied to patients in accordance with typical types of symptoms and types of diagnosis in Oriental Medicine. In step 3, all the process of the treatment was recorded with pictures and the patients' signs of self-consciousness from initial treatment to final treatment determined the result. As a result of the treatment, it showed that prescription of Gamisoyosan applied to pustular psoriasis on the palms, pustular psoriasis on the sole of feet and geographic psoriasis on the whole bodies worked effectively and prescription for psoriasis No.1 applied to nummular psoriasis and prescription for psoriasis No.2. applied to nummular psoriasis made progress for the patients. Side effects and any other abnormal symptoms were not found. In conclusion, therefore, it is anticipated that selected treatment and prescription should be given according to types of diagnosis in Oriental Medicine referring the types of psoriasis. It is considered that more attention, deep and thorough study in mechanism of pathogenesis mechanism of treatment according to the types of psoriasis may make it possible for doctors to treat and prescribe patients.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.109-121
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• 2017

Objective: This study aims to find suitable types and styles for gesture interaction as remote control on smart TVs. Background: Smart TV is being developed rapidly in the world, and gesture interaction has a wide range of research areas, especially based on vision techniques. However, most studies are focused on the gesture recognition technology. Also, not many previous studies of gestures types and styles on smart TVs were carried out. Therefore, it is necessary to check what users prefer in terms of gesture types and styles for each operation command. Method: We conducted an experiment to extract the target user manipulation commands required for smart TVs and select the corresponding gestures. To do this, we looked at gesture styles people use for every operation command, and checked whether there are any gesture styles they prefer over others. Through these results, this study was carried out with a process selecting smart TV operation commands and gestures. Results: Eighteen TV commands have been used in this study. With agreement level as a basis, we compared the six types of gestures and five styles of gestures for each command. As for gesture type, participants generally preferred a gesture of Path-Moving type. In the case of Pan and Scroll commands, the highest agreement level (1.00) of 18 commands was shown. As for gesture styles, the participants preferred a manipulative style in 11 commands (Next, Previous, Volume up, Volume down, Play, Stop, Zoom in, Zoom out, Pan, Rotate, Scroll). Conclusion: By conducting an analysis on user-preferred gestures, nine gesture commands are proposed for gesture control on smart TVs. Most participants preferred Path-Moving type and Manipulative style gestures based on the actual operations. Application: The results can be applied to a more advanced form of the gestures in the 3D environment, such as a study on VR. The method used in this study will be utilized in various domains.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.34-46
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution state of road shops around the 9 main fashion trade areas in Seoul, and to analyze whether there were any differences in them based on clothing, store types and regions. Furthermore, by investigating the distribution state of road shops in the 9 main fashion trade areas per year, this study provides basic information that can be helpful in opening and securing road shops in major trade areas. The method of investigation was to analyze clothing types and store types with 72 maps of commercial areas. Samsungdesignnet investigated these areas for 8 years around the 9 main fashion trade areas (Garosugil, Gangnam nonhyun, Gangnam Station, Myungdong, Moonjung, Apgujung, Yeonsinne, Edae, and Chungdam). As a result, the distribution state of the fashion road shops based on clothing types revealed that road shops for ladies' wear, bag or shoes, and total fashion were strong, and the distribution state of non brand were strong. When it came to year-to-year trends, road shops for women's wear, bag or shoes, and total fashion showed a steady increasing tendency of being on-trend, but casuals and underwear showed a falling tendency of being on-trend. In terms of store type distribution, non-brand shops showed the most remarkable growth, followed by multi-shop while total fashion store showed a steady growth. Also, when it came to regional distribution, the dominant trade areas were different based on clothing type. Garosugil showed the widest variation in its yearly trend investigation, and Gangnam station also showed a substantial amount of growth. In other areas, there was no considerable change in the total number of shops, but increasing and decreasing markets had a complexity that depended on clothing types.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.149-160
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between the patterns of elementary school teachers' explanations and the patterns of students' questions types on scientific phenomena. for the purposes of this study, we collected questions related to scientific phenomena from 255 $3rd{\sim}6th$ students in 2 elementary schools. Classifying the students' questions collected, 20 representative questions for each type were selected. Data regarding teachers' scientific explanation from 62 teachers of 3 elementary schools were also collected. The results of the analysis of the questions for each science field show that the students in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th grades have the most questions regarding biology, and those in the 6th grade have more questions regarding earth science. Regarding question types, object exploration questions and explican exploration questions formed the majority. Moreover, the higher the students' grades, a decrease in the number of conjectural questions and an increase in the number of causal questions were observed. As a result of the analysis of the teachers' explanation, the following explanation types could be discerned; conjecture, hypothesis, prediction, teleological explanation, information given to feed exploration questions, as well as verification and information supply fer verification purposes. There were 4 kinds of relationships between question types and explanation types. One was the explanation fitting to each question type, a second was the explanation with additional content than the question required, a third was where the explanation was inappropriate to the question, and a forth was where the teacher responded that they "don't know." This study, investigating the relationships between questioning as a scientific inquiry process and explanation, will help to promote discussion regarding science classes in elementary school.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.546-554
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• 2005

We assessed the genetic relations and epidemiological links among bloodstream isolates of Candida albicans, which were obtained from a university hospital over a period of five years. The 54 bloodstream isolates from the 38 patients yielded 14 different karyotypes, 29 different patterns after digestion with SfiI (REAG-S), and 31 different patterns after digestion with BssHII (REAG-B) when analyzed using three different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing methods. In 11 patients with serial blood stream isolates, all strains from each patient had the same PFGE pattern. The dendrograms for all of the strains revealed that the distribution of similarity values ranged from 0.70 to 1.0 in the REAG-S patterns, and from 0.35 to 1.0 in the REAG-B patterns. Overall, the combination of the three different PFGE methods identified 31 distinct types, reflecting the results obtained using the REAG-B alone different. different Five PFGE types were shared among 22 isolates from 12 patients. These types of strains were more frequently associated with central venous catheter-related fungemia than the other 26 type strains $(92\%\;versus\;31\%;\;P<0.005)$. Of five PFGE types, four isolates were determined to be epidemiologically related: each of these types was primarily from two or three patients who had been hospitalized concurrently within the same intensive care unit. Our results suggest that the REAG-B constitutes perhaps the most useful PFGE method for investigating C. albicans candidemia and also shows that a relatively high proportion of C. albicans candidemia may be associated with exogenous acquisition of clonal strains.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2004

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing was applied to the epidemiological investigation of 21 Candida tropicalis isolates collected from urine specimens of 11 patients and one healthcare worker, in an intensive care unit (ICU) over a 4-month period. Seventeen epidemiologically unrelated strains from 14 patients were also tested to determine the discriminatory power of PFGE. PFGE typing consisted of electrophoretic karyotyping (EK) and restriction endonuclease analysis of genomic DNA (REAG), using two restriction enzymes (BssHII and SfiI). The EK pattern was the same in all 38 isolates, while REAG using SfiI separated the isolates into nine types. However, 16 different PFGE types were iden-tified by REAG with BssHII, and the same results were obtained when the results of both REAG tests were combined. In serial urinary isolates from 10 patients, all strains from each patient had the same PFGE pattern. While the epidemiologically unrelated strains from 14 patients consisted of 13 different PFGE types, the 20 isolates from the 11 ICU patients fell into only two PFGE types (types Cl and C2), and these apparently originated from the two different outbreaks. All strains of type Cl (n = 12) were isolated from six patients, between November 1999 and January 2000, and all of the type C2 strains (n=8) were isolated from five patients, during January and February 2000. This study shows two con-secutive clusters of C. tropicalis candiduria in an ICU, defined by PFGE typing, and also demonstrates that a PFGE typing method using BssHII is perhaps the most useful method for investigating C. tropi-calis candiduria.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.239-247
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• 2014

Purpose: There are no studies of hepatic glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) other than type I and III in Korea. We aimed on investigating the characteristics of hepatic GSDs in Korea diagnosed and followed at a single center. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who were diagnosed as GSD and followed at Samsung Medical Center from January, 1997 to December, 2013. Clinical manifestations, laboratory results, treatment, and prognosis were investigated. Results: Twenty-one patients were included in the study. The types of 17 patients were confirmed by enzyme activity tests and/or gene analysis. GSD Ia was diagnosed in 7 patients (33.3%), Ib in 1 patient (4.8%), III in 2 patients (9.5%), IV in 1 patient (4.8%), and IX in 6 patients (28.6%). Types other than GSD I constituted 52.9% (9/17) of the patients diagnosed with a specific type of hepatic GSD. The median age at presentation was 2 years. Hepatomegaly was observed in 95.2%, elevated liver transaminases in 90.5%, and hyperlactacidemia in 81.0% of the patients. The duration for follow-up was $77{\pm}62.0$ months. Uncooked corn starch was initiated in all the patients. No mortality was observed during the follow-up period, and liver transplantation was performed in 14.3%. Conclusion: Types other than GSD I comprised more than half of the patients diagnosed with a specific type of hepatic GSD. Clinical suspicion and thorough evaluation of hepatic GSDs in Korea should be focused not only on GSD I, but also on other types.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2014

Due to recent interest of the consumers on safe farm products and the government's political support for eco-friendly agriculture, organic fruit production has been growing continuously. This research was conducted in order to study the effect of cover plants on soil microbial community on cover plants and establish an organic fruit cultivation method through choosing optimal cover plant. As a result of investigating soil microbial population density, the bacterial density in soil showed an increasing trend in June compared to April, and there was a decreasing trend in bacterial density of the soil in August compared to June. The density of actinomycetes in soil increased around 1.6 times in June compared to April when the soil was covered with hairy vetch. The increase of filamentous fungus in crimson clover group was 6.1 times higher in June compared to April and in hairy vetch group, the increase was 4.9 times higher in June compared to April. As a result of analyzing DNA extracted from the soil categorized by different types of cover plants using DGGE method, soil collected from April had higher number of bands detected from different locations according to different types of cover plants. Diversity of the bands from the soil collected from August showed higher range of reduction. As a result of analyzing soil microbial community by different period and the types of cover plants using Pyrosequencing method, microbes were detected in the order of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes. Distribution rate of Firmicutes increased in the soil collected in August compared to June and this was shown in all types of cover plants by twice the amount.

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2007

This Study was conducted in order to provide a satisfying beauty service to customers by investigating the effect of hair thickness on personality and attitude of hair style. It executed a survey of customers within the age of $20{\sim}}40$ who come and go to beauty salons, dwell in Kyeong-gi and Seoul. First, it investigated the difference of blood types depending on hair thickness. Second, it investigated how hair thickness affects on types of personality. Third, it investigated the difference of hair style attitude depending on hair thickness. We picked normal hairs for mineral test from our salon customers of the occipital region, except coloring hairs, white hairs. The hairs were picked 2 cm off from the scalp. In the result, many people with thick hair were found to have the blood type O, and many people with thin hair were found to have the blood type A. Also, in the types of personality the owners of thick hair and thin hair were highly found to have characters of both sexes, the owners of normal hair were highly found to have feminine characters. Many of the owners of thick hair appeared to prefer short hair styles, a high percentage of the owners with thin hair appeared to have long hair styles, A type people who are introspective prefer soft and long hair styles which have less movement.