• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.490-497
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• 2016

In this study, 3-dimensional ripple structured anion (chlorine) doped ZnO thin film are developed, and used as electron transporting layer (ETL) in inverted organic photovoltaics (I-OPVs). Optical and electrical characteristics of ZnO:Cl ETL are investigated depending on the chlorine doping ratio and optimized for high efficient I-OPV. It is found that optimized chlorine doping on ZnO ETL enhances the ability of charge transport by modifying the band edge position and carrier mobility without decreasing the optical transmittance in the visible region, results in improvement of power conversion efficiency of I-OPV. The highest performance of 8.79 % is achieved for I-OPV with ZnO:Cl-x (x=0.5wt%), enhanced ~10% compared to that of ZnO:Cl-x (x=0wt%).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.455-458
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• 2006

The Real Time Kinematic (RTK) technique is the most productive and accurate GPS positioning method today, as it can be determinate position within few centimeters instantly. This method is widely used for applications such as surveying, structure monitoring and machine guidance etc. In order to perform RTK processing for large scale systems (i.e. precise vehicle monitoring with many rovers), many expensive RTK receivers and same number of bidirectional communication units have to be installed to collect observation data communicate with the reference site and monitor its RTK solutions. Moreover, if applications require remote control or apply sensing instruments, we have to install computers at each rover. To limit expense and complexity of system management with a large number of rovers, we have developed server based RTK processing platform to share RTK function for all rovers. The system can be process many GPS stations with a single personal computer. we have also developed a specialized dual frequency GPS receiver unit without on-board RTK processing capability to reduce receiver cost in order to demonstrate the advantage of our server based RTK platform. This paper describes the concept of our server based RTK platform and specialized GPS receiver unit with existing applications in Japan.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1996

The arrangement of anterior artificial teeth is an important factor on the esthetics in the construction of complete dentures and prostheses. During construction of the complete denture the position of maxillary central incisor plays an important role in the arrangements of artificial teeth. The proper position of maxillary central incisor provides natural appearance of anterior teeth and the anterior reference point of occlusal plane. Many methods have been utilized to eatablish the position of the maxillary central incisor in complete denture prosthodontics. However, there has not been provided for the reference for Korean yet. This study was aimed to extablish a guide for the position of the maxillary central inciosr in Koreans. The horizontal and vertical distance between the maxillary central incisor and incisive papilla in Koreans were measured. 1. The mean value of horizontal distance from the maxillary central incisor to the incisive papilla had significant sexual difference, The average distance was 12.648mm in male and 11.385mm in female. 2. The horizontal distance of the incisive papilla had sexual difference, the average distance was 6.182mm in male and 5.622mm in female. 3. The vertical distance from the maxillary central incisor to the incisive papilla had not sexual difference, the average distance was 7.21mm. 4. The crown length of the maxillary central inciosrs from the distal interdental papilla had not sexual difference, the right central incisor was 6.40mm(mean) and the left central inciosr was 6.43mm(mean). 5. The clinical crown length of the maxillary central incisors had not sexual difference, the right central incisor 10.35mm(mean) and the left central incisor was 10.43mm(mean). 6. The shapes of the incisive papilla were pear(68.4%), oval(16%), triangular(6%), irregular(5%), rectangular(4%), and inverted pear(1%) shape.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.85-97
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• 1995

The arrangement of anterior artificial teeth is an important factor on the esthetics in the construction of complete denture and prosthesis. During construction of the complete denture the position of maxillary central incisor plays an important role in the arrangements of artificial teeth. The proper position of maxillary central incisor provides natural appearance of anterior teeth and the anterior reference point of occlusal plane. Many methods have been utilized to eatablish the position of the maxillary central incisor in complete denture prosthodontics. However, there has not been provided for the reference for Korean yet. This study was aimed to extablish the position of the maxillary central inciosr in Korean. The horizontal and vertical distance between the maxillary central incisor and incisive papilla in korean were measured. The results were as follows : 1. The mean value of horizontal distance from the maxillary central incisor to the incisive papilla had significant sexual difference, the average distance was 12.648mm (male), 11.385mm(female). 2. The horizontal distance of incisive papilla had sexual difference, the average distance was 6.182mm(male), 5.622mm(female). 3. The vertical distance from the maxillary central incisor to the incisive papilla had not sexual difference, the average distance was 7.21mm. 4. The crown length of maxillary central inciosrs from the distal interdental papilla had not sexual difference, the right central incisor was 6.40mm(mean) and the left central inciosr was 6.43mm(mean). 5. The clinical crown length of the maxillary central incisors had not sexual difference, the right central incisor 10.35mm(mean) and the left central incisor was 10.43mm(mean). 6. The anatomic shapes of incisive papilla were pear(68.4%), oval(16%), triangular(6%), irregular(5%), rectangular(4%), and inverted pear(1%) shape.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.393-403
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• 1997

In this paper, we proposed an optimal identification method of identifying the membership func¬tions and the fuzzy rules for the stabilization controller of the nonlinear system by RVEGA( Real Variable Elitist Genetic Algo rithm l. Although fuzzy logic controllers have been successfully applied to industrial plants, most of them have been relied heavily on expert's empirical knowl¬edge. So it is very difficult to determine the linguistic state space partitions and parameters of the membership functions and to extract the control rules. Most of conventional approaches have the drastic defects of trapping to a local minima. However, the proposed RVEGA which is similiar to the processes of natural evolution can optimize simulta¬neously the fuzzy rules and the parameters of membership functions. The validity of the RVEGA - based fuzzy controller was proved through applications to the stabi¬lization problems of an inverted pendulum system with highly nonlinear dynamics. The proposed RVEGA - based fuzzy controller has a swing -. up control mode(swing - up controller) and a stabi¬lization one(stabilization controller), moves a pendulum in an initial stable equilibrium point and a cart in an arbitrary position, to an unstable equilibrium point and a center of the rail. The stabi¬lization controller is composed of a hierarchical fuzzy inference structure; that is, the lower level inference for the virtual equilibrium point and the higher level one for position control of the cart according to the firstly inferred virtual equilibrium point. The experimental apparatus was imple¬mented by a DT -- 2801 board with AID, D/A converters and a PC - 586 microprocessor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.185-188
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• 2009

In this paper, Position Controller for balance of Seesaw System design using PID Algorithm. Seesaw System is that it's system use widely to analyze of ship or flight dynamics, Inverted Pendulumand, Robot System, manage system for theory of modern control system and all sorts of analysis. In case of Seesaw System, it's necessity that understand and analysis of system and correct selection of parameter because the system is strong nonlinear control system. It guarantees efficiency and stability to adapt quickly for disturbance or change of controller from PID Algorithm of guarantee safe from simple and long history and PSO(Particle Swarm Optimization) that sort of metaheuristic optimization that need to accuracy and fast PID parameter tuning.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.223-226
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• 1997

Usually, the Evolutionary Algorithms(EAs) are considered more efficient for optimal, system design because EAs can provide higher opportunity for obtaining the global optimal solution. This paper presents a mechanism of co-evolution consists of the two genetic algorithms(GAs). This mechanism includes host populations and parasite populations. These two populations are closely related to each other, and the parasite populations plays an important role of searching for useful schema in host populations. Host population represented by feedforward neural network and the result of co-evolution we will find the optimal structure of the neural network. We used the genetic algorithm that search the structure of the feedforward neural network, and evolution strategies which train the weight of neuron, and optimize the net structure. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed method is exemplified on the stabilization and position control of the inverted-pendulum system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.7-20
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• 1999

This Paper Presents a Internet-based Real-Time Automated Vehicle Location System(AVLS), which is able to Provide users with real-time vehicle Positioning information. When Inverted Differential GPS is available, this system does more aggressive position correction than GPS, and more useful for public transportation and commercial application than DGPS in terms of cost.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.07c
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• pp.1855-1857
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• 2001

An Inverted-F antenna for the 2.4GHz application is designed and implemented. The antenna is implemented on the PCB board and installed in a vertical position. The 10dB characteristics are 2.4 to 2.48GHz in bandwidth which satisfies the bluetooth requirement and the whole impedance is matched. The feed-line on the PCB board is also calculated and implemented. And the measuring system is installed at the KITI in Kangwon Nat'l Univ. and applied to measured the antenna characteristics. The measured values show that this antenna is suitable for the commercial applications.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2015

This paper investigates the effect of absorption loss by a human body to the received signal strength with respect to on-body transmitting antenna positions in on-to-off wireless body area networks. This investigation is based on measurement results obtained from experiments performed on human bodies (male and female) using planar inverted-F antennas in an anechoic chamber. The total absorption loss by the human body is also presented through the SEMCAD-X simulations. Our investigation showed that the received signal strength becomes lower when the transmitting antenna is mounted at a specific position where more absorption loss is experienced. The statistical analyses of on-to-off body channel characteristics based on the measurement results are presented.