• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.291-299
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• 2024

Background: Postoperative pain management following minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) remains a critical concern due to severe post-procedural pain. Promising results have been reported for cryoanalgesia following MIRPE; however, its invasiveness, single-lung ventilation, and additional instrumentation requirements remain obstacles. Serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) is a regional block technique capable of covering the anterior chest wall at the T2-9 levels, which are affected by MIRPE. We hypothesized that SAPB would be a superior alternative pain control modality that reduces postoperative pain more effectively than conventional methods. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients who underwent MIRPE between March 2022 and August 2023. The efficacy of pain control was compared between group N (conventional pain management, n=24) and group S (SAPB, n=26). Group N received intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) and subcutaneous local anesthetic infusion. Group S received bilateral continuous SAPB with 0.3% ropivacaine after a bilateral bolus injection of 30 mL of 0.25% ropivacaine with baseline IV-PCA. Pain levels were evaluated using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively and total intravenous rescue analgesic consumption by morphine milligram equivalents (MME). Results: Mean VAS scores were significantly lower in group S than in group N throughout the 72-hour postoperative period (p<0.01). Group S showed significantly lower MME at postoperative 72 hours (group N: 108.53, group S: 16.61; p<0.01). Conclusion: SAPB improved immediate postoperative pain control in both the resting and dynamic states and reduced opioid consumption compared to conventional management.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2000

연구배경 : 폐암은 진단 당시 이미 국소 침윤이나 원격 전이가 된 경우가 많고 이에 대한 적절한 치료법이 없기 때문에 예후가 불량하다. TIMP(tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase)는 암세포의 침윤 및 전이에 중요한 역할을 하는 metalloproteinase를 억제하는 물질로서 생체 내에 존재하는 전이 억제 물질이다. 본 연구는 아데노바이러스를 이용한 TIMP 유전자 치료법을 개발하여 폐암의 치료에 응용하고자 하였다. 방법 : 폐암세포는 침윤 및 전이 능력이 큰 Calu-6를 사용하였다. TIMP-2 유전자를 pACCMVpLpA에 subcloning 한 후 pJM17과 함께 293 cell에 cotransfection 한 후 homologous recombination을 이용하여 Ad-TIMP-2를 제작하였다. Ad-TIMP-2를 Calu-6 cell에 이입하여 TIMP-2 protein 이 생산되는지를 TIMP-2 ELISA를 이용하여 확인하였고 TIMP-2의 생물학적 활성은 zymography로 확인하였다. Soft agar clonogenic assay로 종양형성능을 평가하였다. Ad-TIMP-2로 처리한 calu-6를 6주간 soft agar에서 키운 후 육안으로 보이는 colony 수를 측정하였다. Matrigel을 이용하여 invasion assay를 시행하여 calu-6의 침윤 능력의 변화를 평가하였다. 결과 : TIMP-2 ELISA 결과, 모세포 calu-6와 Ad-$\beta$-gal 이입 calu-6 그리고 Ad-TIMP-2 이입 calu-6는 각각 0.44, 0.43, 20.7 ${\mu}g/10^6$ cells/72hrs의 TIMP-2를 생산하였다. Zymography 결과 Ad-TIMP-2에 의해 생산된 TIMP-2는 matrix metalloproteinase-2의 gelatin 분해 효과를 억제하여 생물학적 활성을 확인할 수 있었다. Soft agar clonogenic assay 결과, 모세포인 calu-6는 453$\pm$53개, Ad-$\beta$gal과 Ad-TIMP-2 이입된 calu-6는 각각 332$\pm$35, 280$\pm$45개의 colony가 형성되어 유의한 감소를 보이지 못했다. Invasion assay 로 모세포 calu-6 에 대한 침윤율을 평가한 결과, Ad-$\beta$gal과 Ad-TIMP-2가 이입된 calu-6(10moi)는 각각 71$\pm$8.9%, 12$\pm$8.4%의 침윤율을 보였으며 $\beta$-gal 군에 비해 TIMP-2군이 유의하게 침윤율이 낮았다. 결론 : Ad-TIMP-2는 폐암 세포의 종양형성능을 억제하지 못하였으나 침윤은 억제하여 TIMP-2가 폐암 유전자 요법에 이용될 가능성을 제시해 주었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.379-383
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• 2003

배경: 장기 심장 이식 후에 나타나는 거부반응의 정도와 상태에 대한 정확한 진단은 내심근 조직검사 (endomyocardial biopsy)로 이루어지고 있으나, 이 방법은 환자에 침습적이고 보다 자주 시행하여 감시하기에는 부적합하여, 덜 침습적이고 계속 지속적으로 감시할 수 있는 방법을 찾고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 250~300 gm 정도의 백서에서 이소성의 심장이식(heterotopic heart transplantation)을 Ono-Lindsey Method로 시행한 후 1개월 후에 $^{99m}$ Tc-pyrophosphate (PYP) 1.5 mCi를 꼬리 정맥을 통해 주입한 후 스캔(scan)을 시행하고 심장과 척추의 섭취비를 구하여 이식된 심장의 거부반응에 민감하게 반응할 수 있을 지에 대해 조직 검사와 비교관찰 하였다. 걸과: 20마리의 이식된 심장에 $^{99m}$ Tc-PYP스캔에서의 심장/척추 섭취비와 조직 검사 결과를 분석하여 심장/척추 섭취비가 0.09 이상을 거부반응이 있는 것으로 판정하였을 때 20마리에서 진양성 3예, 진음성 12예, 가양성 3예, 가음성 2예로 예민도 (Sensitivity) 60%,특이도(Specificity) 80%의 결과를 얻었다. 걸론: 이식된 장기의 거부반응이 장기이식의 예후에 미치는 중요한 원인이 되므로, 이에 대한 조기 진단할 수 있는 방법으로 $^{99m}$ Tc-PYP스캔이 유용하였으며, 비침습적이고 간단한 검사방법이므로 거부반응 여부를 감시하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2014

Purpose: Since there are no proven tumor markers that reflect the course of gastric cancer, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) are commonly used alternatives. However, the degree of progression that corresponds to an increase in these markers, and the values of these markers at different cancer stages, remains unclear. Materials and Methods: This study enrolled 1,733 gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery and whose pre-operative CEA and CA19-9 levels were known. Survival curves and mean values of the two markers were compared according to the degree of cancer progression: serosa-unexposed (SU), serosa-exposed (SE), direct invasion (DI), localized seeding (P1), and extensive seeding (P2). Results: The 5-year overall survival rates at each stage differed significantly, except between DI and P1 patients (17.1% vs. 10.5%, P=0.344). The mean CEA values in SU, SE, DI, P1, and P2 patients were 5.80, 5.48, 13.36, 8.06, and 22.82, respectively. The CA19-9 values for these patients were 49.40, 38.97, 101.67, 73.77, and 98.57, respectively. The increase in CEA in P2 patients was statistically significant (P=0.002), and the increases in CA19-9 in DI and P2 patients were significant (P=0.025, 0.007, respectively). There was a fair correlation between the two markers in P2 patients (r=0.494, P<0.001). Conclusions: CA19-9 can be used to assess DI of gastric cancer into adjacent organs. Both markers are useful for predicting the presence of extensive peritoneal seeding.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.212-224
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• 2020

Purpose: miR-205 is a tumor suppressor and plays an important role in tumor invasiveness. However, the role of miR-205 in human gastric cancer (GC) epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of miR-205 in the regulation of EMT in GC invasion. Materials and Methods: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-205 in GC. Further, the correlation between the pathological parameters and prognosis of GC was statistically analyzed. A transwell model was used to evaluate the effect of miR-205-3p on the invasion and migration of GC cells. qPCR, western blotting, and luciferase assay were performed to analyze the relationship and target effects between miR-205-3p and the expression of zinc finger electron box binding homologous box 1 (ZEB1) and 2 (ZEB2). Results: We found that the levels of miR-205-3p were significantly lower (P<0.05) in GC tissues than in matched normal tissues. Additionally, the expression of miR-205-3p was related to the tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, lymph node invasion, and tumor, node, metastasis stage. Patients with lower miR-205-3p expression levels in the tumors had a poorer prognosis. The in vitro assays indicated that miR-205-3p could affect the invasion ability and EMT of GC cells by targeting the expression of both ZEB1 and ZEB2. Conclusions: miR-205-3p promotes GC progression and affects the prognosis of patients by targeting both ZEB1 and ZEB2 to directly influence EMT.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.106-116
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• 2016

Objective : Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) acts as a chaperone on the cell surface, and it has been reported that PDI is associated with the tumor cell migration and invasion. The aims of this study are to investigate the anti-migration effect of bacitracin, which is an inhibitor of PDI, and the associated factor in this process. Methods : U87-MG glioma cells were treated with bacitracin in 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, and 5.0 mM concentrations. Western blot with caspase-3 was applied to evaluate the cytotoxicity of bacitracin. Adhesion, morphology, migration assays, and organotypic brain-slice culture were performed to evaluate the effect of bacitracin to the tumor cell. Western blot, PCR, and gelatin zymography were performed to investigate the associated factors. Thirty glioma tissues were collected following immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results : Bacitracin showed a cytotoxicity in 3rd (p<0.05) and 4th (p<0.001) days, in 5.0 Mm concentration. The cell adhesion significantly decreased and the cells became a round shape after treated with bacitracin. The migration ability, the expression of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) decreased in a bacitracin dose- and time-dependent manner. The U87-MG cells exhibited low-invasiveness in the 2.5 mM, compared with the untreated in organotypic brain-slice culture. PDI was expressed in the tumor margin, and significantly increased with histological glioma grades (p<0.001). Conclusion : Bacitracin, as a functional inhibitor of PDI, decreased the phosphorylated FAK and the secreted MMP-2, which are the downstream of integrin and play a major role in cell migration and invasion, might become one of the feasible therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2020

Brain tumors or gliomas are fatal cancer species with high recurrence rates due to their strong invasiveness. Therefore, the goal of surgery is complete tumor resection. However, the surgery is difficult to distinguish the border because tumors and blood vessels have the same color tone and shape. The fluorescein sodium is used as a fluorescence contrast agent for boundary separation. When the external light source is irradiated, yellow fluorescence is expressed in the tumor, which helps distinguish between blood vessels and tumor boundaries. But, the fluorescence expression of fluorescence sodium depends on the concentration of fluorescein sodium and such analytical data is insufficient. The unclear fluorescence can obscure the boundaries between blood vessels and tumors. In addition, reduce the efficiency of fluorescence sodium use. This paper proposes a protocol of concentration range for fluorescence expression conditions. Fluorescent expression was observed using a near-infrared (NIR) color camera with corresponding dilution using normal saline in 1 ml microtube. The flunoresence emission density range is 1.00 mM to 0.15 mM. The fluorescence emission begin to 1.00 mM and the 0.15 mM discolor. The discolor is difficult to fluorescence emission condition obserbation. Thus, the maximum density range of the bright fluoresecein is 0.15 mM to 0.30 mM. When the concentration range of fluorescein sodium is analyzed based on the gradient of fluorescence expression and the power measurement, the brightest fluorescence is expected to facilitate the complete resection of the tumor. For the concentration range protocol, setting concentration ranges and analyzing fluorescence expression image according to saturation and brightness to find optimal fluorescence concentration are important. Concentration range protocols for fluorescence expression conditions can be used to find optimal concentrations of substances whose expression pattern varies with concentration ranges. This study is expected to be helpful in the boundary classification and resection of brain tumors and glioma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.2043-2049
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• 2015

Background: Serum Golgi protein 73 (GP73) as a novel and potential marker for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been found to be elevated in HCC patients and associated with clinical variables representing tumor growth and invasiveness. The aim of this study was to prepare a pair of monoclonal antibodys (mAbs) against GP73 and develop a newly designed double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (s-ELISA), which would be used in the detection of serum GP73 (sGP73) as well as in the diagnosis of HCC. Materials and Methods: Produced by prokaryotic expression, the purified recombinant GP73 (rGP73), produced by prokaryotic expression, was used to immunize the Balb/c mice. Two hybridoma cell lines against GP73 were obtained by fusing mouse Sp2/0 myeloma cells with spleen cells from the immunized mice. The titers of anti-GP73 mAb reached 1:243,000. Western blotting analysis and Immunohistochemistry staining revealed that anti-GP73 mAb could recognize GP73 protein. The double-antibody s-ELISA was successfully established and validated by 119 HCC and 103 normal serum samples. Results: showed that the detection limit of this method could reach 1.56 ng/ml, and sGP73 levels in HCC group (mean=190.6 ng/ml) were much higher than those of in healthy controls (mean=70.92 ng/ml). Conclusions: Results of our study not only showed that sGP73 levels of HCC patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls, but also indicated that the laboratory homemade anti-GP73 mAbs could be the optimal tool used in evaluating sGP73 levels, which would provide a solid foundation for subsequent clinical applications.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.223-236
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• 2018

Objectives : We compared the inhibitory effects of herb-combined remedies, which were recorded on "Yooam" prescription of Dongeuibogam, on cell migration and invasion, two critical cellular processes that are often deregulated during metastasis, in B16F10 melanoma cells. For this purpose, water extracts of Sipyukmiryukieum (SYMRKU), Danjacheongpitang (DJCPT), Cheongganhaeultang (CGHUT) and Jipaesan (JPS) were used. Methods : Cytotoxicity was assessed by an MTT assay. Wound healing and matrigel transwell assays were used to examine on B16F10 cell migration and invasion. The levels of mRNA and protein expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results : Our data showed that DJCPT showed the strongest inhibitory effect among the four prescriptions in inhibiting cell motility of B16F10 melanoma cells within the concentration range that was not cytotoxic. The inhibitory potential of colony formation was higher in DJCPT and SYMRKU compared to the other two types of prescriptions, and the inhibitory effect of invasiveness is shown in order of DJCPT, SYMRKU, CGHUT and JPS. DJCPT, and SYMRKU strongly inhibited the activity and expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, which are important mediators in cancer invasion, compared to CGHUT and JPS, and the increased expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 was also more effective in these two prescriptions. In conclusion, DJCPT is expected to exhibit the most potent blocking effect on migration and invasion among four herb-combined remedies compared in B16F10 melanoma cells. Conclusion : Overall, the results of this study will be used as an important source to validate these prescriptions in animal models and to understand the mechanism of action of herbal remedies recorded in Dongeuibogam.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2009

비만은 유방암을 일으키는 잠재적 위험 요소 중 하나이며 현재 이들의 상관관계를 밝히려는 많은 연구들이 진행 중에 있다. 지방세포는 유방조직을 이루는 기질세포 중 가장 높은 비중을 차지하며, 이들이 분비하는 물질인 아디포카인이 유방암의 성장과 전이에 영향을 줄 것으로 예상되어지고 있다. 지방조직이 생산하는 아디포카인들 중 렙틴은 유방암 세포의 증식능력을 증가시키고 아디포넥틴의 경우 반대로 증식억제 기능을 보인다는 연구 결과가 있다. 또한 정상의 경우와 비교해서 비만 환자에게서 렙틴의 양은 증가되어져 있으며 그와 반대로 아디포넥틴은 비만환자에게서 감소 경향을 보인다. 이는 비만에 의하여 변화되는 아디포카인들이 서로 작용하여 비만한 유방암환자의 유방암세포증식을 촉진할 수 있음을 뜻한다. 본 연구에서는 지방세포의 분비 물질인 아디포카인들에 의해 조절되는 유방암세포의 유전자들을 조사하기 위해 유방암세포주인 MDA-MB-231 세포주에 지방세포 배양액을 처리하였으며, 이 증가되는 유전자 중 glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor-related protein ligand(GITRL)를 선택 연구하였다. GITRL은 지방세포 배양액을 처리한 MDA-MB-231 세포주에서 높게 발현되었으며, proteinase-K를 처리한 지방세포 배양액에 의해서는 발현 정도에 변화가 없었다. 이는 지방세포가 분비하는 단백질인자 중 하나가 유방암 세포의 GITRL 발현을 증가시킴을 말한다. 또한 유방암 세포주 MDA-MB-231 세포에서 증가된 GITRL은 그 자체의 전이 능력에는 영향을 주지 못하였으나, glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor-related protein(GITR)을 발현하는 자연살해 세포주인 NK92세포와의 상호작용 때에는 전이 능력을 감소시켰다.