• Title/Summary/Keyword: Invasive species monitoring and management

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Study of the Status of Naturalized Plants in Busan City, South Korea (부산시 귀화식물의 현황과 고찰)

  • Lee, Chang-Woo;Cho, Hye-Jeong;Kang, Min-Jung;Huh, Man-Kyu;Hwang, In-Chun;Choi, Byoung-Ki
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.25 no.11
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    • pp.1244-1254
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    • 2015
  • Naturalized plants were identified and recorded in Busan city based on field surveys and related literature. These plants consisted of 156 taxa in total, belonging to 31 families, 95 genera, 147 species, and 9 varieties. The Compositae had the highest diversity among 31 families, with 44 taxa, followed by Gramineae, with 24 taxa, and Leguminosae, with 10 taxa Among the plants, 68.6% (107 taxa) were annuals and biennials, and 30.1% (47 taxa) were perennials. There was one shrub (Amorpha fruticosa) and one tree (Robinia pseudoacacia). Naturalized degree 5 plants, as common and abundant plant, founded 26 taxa (96.3%) were most highly ratio from Korean naturalized plants. According to the results of the analysis based on place of origin, 50 (32.1%) taxa were from Europe, and 48 (30.8%) taxa were from North America. Epecophyten was the most common of the naturalized plants, with 123 taxa Sixty-six (42.3%) taxa were introduced during period 1, and 15 (9.6%) were introduced during period 4. Ergasiophygophyten (50.6%) and Kenophyten (32.1%) were the dominant plants in these introduction periods. In conclusion, Busan city acts as a conduit for the introduction of naturalized plants. A sustainable management and monitoring strategy may be needed to prevent the introduction and naturalization of plants.

Distribution Status of Paspalum distichum Community at the Nakdong-River Estuary (낙동강 하구언 일대의 물참새피군락 분포 현황)

  • Lim, Jeong-Cheol;Jeong, Hyun-Gi;Lee, Cheol-ho;Choi, Byoung-Ki
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.50 no.2
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    • pp.195-206
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    • 2017
  • We described a spatial distribution pattern and floral diversity on the Paspalum distichum community occurring at the ecological parks of Hwamyeong, Daejeo, Samnak, and Maekdo in the Nakdong river estuary. A total distribution area of P. distichum community was $303,462.6m^2$. Its largest area was found in Samnak eco-park ($185,910.1m^2$). The most richness of knotgrass patches in each ecological park was determined Maekdo eco-park (87). Cover class level-5 shows the largest area ($260,663.2m^2$). A total of 73 taxa (34 families, 55 genus, 65 species, and 8 varieties) were listed up on the P. distichum community. A welldeveloped population of knotgrass was found predominantly at sites linked into human impacts at the riverine floodplain, the stream courses flowing through the parks, and the man-made channels and wetlands. Finally we proposed an ecological management strategy for knotgrass population in the study area.

Impacts of Introduced Fishes (Carassius cuvieri, Micropterus salmoides, Lepomis macrochirus) on Stream Fish Communities in South Korea (외래어류가 우리나라 하천생태계 어류 군집에 미치는 영향: 떡붕어(Carassius cuvieri), 배스(Micropterus salmoides), 블루길(Lepomis macrochirus)을 대상으로)

  • Lee, Dae-Seong;Lee, Da-Yeong;Ji, Chang Woo;Kwak, Ihn-Sil;Hwang, Soon-Jin;Lee, Hae-Jin;Park, Young-Seuk
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.53 no.3
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    • pp.241-254
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    • 2020
  • Three introduced fish species, Japanese white crucian carp (Carassius cuvieri Temminck and Schlegel, 1846), bass (Micropterus salmoides Lacepède, 1802) and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819), are dominant fishes in Korean freshwater ecosystem. In this study, we analyzed habitat environment conditions of these three species and their impacts to fish communities in streams across South Korea. Fish community data were obtained from the database of the Stream/River Ecosystem Survey and Health Assessment program maintained by the Ministry of Environment and the National Institute of Environmental Research, Korea. Our results showed that species richness and Shannon diversity of fish were higher at the presence sites of introduced fish than at the absence sites. However, when the abundance of these introduced fish species was increased, the species richness and abundance of fish were decreased. An association analysis showed that the introduced fish species had a low similarity in their appearance with some indigenous fishes such as Siniperca scherzeri and Channa argus and some endemic fishes of Korea such as Zacco koreanus, Sarcocheilichthys variegatus wakiyae, and Acheilognathus yamatsutae. In addition, the introduced fish species had a low appearance similarity with a large number of fishes in their association networks. Finally, our results presented that these introduced fish species influenced the negative impacts to the stream fish communities, and they were potential risk factors for fish community in Korean freshwater ecosystem. Therefore, it is necessary that continuous monitoring and establishment of management strategy for introduced fish species to preserve fish resource and biodiversity in the Korean streams.

Analysis of Sustainable Management Factors in County Parks Based on the Sustainability Evaluation Framework of Korea Nature Parks - Focus on the 11 County Parks in Gyeongsangnam-do - (자연공원 지속가능성평가에 기반한 군립공원 지속가능성 영향요인 분석 - 경남권역 11개소 군립공원을 대상으로 -)

  • Hong, Sukhwan;Ahn, Rosa;Tian, Wanting;Heo, Hagyoung;Pak, Junhou
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.48 no.3
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    • pp.12-21
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    • 2020
  • This study aims to implement the Sustainability Evaluation Framework of Korea Natural Parks to county parks in Gyeongsangnam-do, and to review the performance status of management effectiveness evaluation (MEE) and identify factors that influence the improvement of management effectiveness in protected areas. County park officers evaluated current management using this framework that was developed based on the MEE framework designed by the Korean Ministry of Environment. Among the principal values of county parks, 'natural and ecological' is indicated as the most important, followed by 'cultural and historic value' and 'leisure and recreation'. Natural disasters and climate change, visitor impact-inappropriate visitor behavior are indicated as current threats, and three county parks administrators viewed that there was no particular threat to their park. According to MEE results, the most effective management fields were 'State of cultural and historic value', 'State of leisure and recreational value', 'Current state of principal value'. The comparatively weaker fields were 'Threatened species management', 'Invasive species management', 'Management monitoring and evaluation'. The effects of sustainable management on county parks were analyzed through a regression analysis, and the influence of management factors reveal 'Annual budget', will impact attaining higher management scores. This study presents the current management information about county parks and provides support for the basis for the planning of county parks in Korea, suggesting the influencing factor.

A Study on Control Possibility of Ambrosia trifida L., an Invasive Alien Plant by the Feeding of Ophraella communa LeSage (돼지풀잎벌레의 섭식에 의한 생태계교란 식물인 단풍잎돼지풀의 제어 가능성 연구)

  • SooIn Lee;JaeHoon Park;EuiJoo Kim;JiWon Park;JungMin Lee;YoonSeo Kim;SeHee Kim;YeoBin Park;EungPill Lee
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.184-195
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    • 2023
  • To develop an effective management plan for Ambrosia trifida L., an invasive alien plant in Korea, we assessed the potential of Ophraella communa LeSage as a biological control agent. This involved investigating the host specificity of the herbivore Ophraella communa LeSage, its annual travel distance, and the impact of this insect on the fitness of Ambrosia trifida L. We confirmed the host plant preference of Ophraella communa LeSage. The travel distance of this insect was determined by monitoring its appearance in selected Ambrosia trifida L. communities without these insects at distances of 10, 20, 30, and 100 meters, based on the locations where the presence of Ophraella communa LeSage was observed. The growth, reproductive, and physiological responses of Ambrosia trifida L. were measured according to feeding by Ophraella communa LeSage. As a result, Ophraella communa LeSage fed on only three taxa and moved short distances within a radius of 30 m per year from the host. The feeding behavior of the herbivore had a negative impact on the growth, reproductive, and physiological responses of Ambrosia trifida L. And the plant's growth and reproduction improved with increasing distance from the herbivore. Furthermore, the introduction of herbivores was able to control over 90% of Ambrosia trifida L. when the coverage of the Ambrosia trifida L. group was below 50%. However, the effectiveness of the removal decreased when the coverage exceeded 90%. These results are likely to be utilized by Ophraella communa LeSage as an ecological control agent. It is advantageous to introduce them in spring (May) when the coverage is low to maximize the effectiveness of control.

Characteristics of Naturalized Plants in the Wetland Protection Areas of Inland Wetlands (내륙습지 습지보호지역의 귀화식물 특성)

  • Cho, Kwang-Jin;Lim, Jeoncheol;Lee, Changsu;Yoon, Jungdo;Kim, Mijeong;Chu, Yeounsu
    • Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.374-387
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    • 2020
  • This study was conducted to provide basic data for monitoring the trend of ecosystem change and establishing management plans for wetland protection areas by understanding the status of naturalized plants. In 21 wetland protection areas, 129 taxa, including 10 invasive alien species, were recorded. The naturalized plants appeared mostly as 71 taxa in the Chimsil wetland and were not observed in the Moojechineup and Sumeunmulbaengdui wetlands. Among the naturalized plants, 42 taxa (32.6%) originated from North America. Annual and biennial plants accounted for 68.2% (88 taxa). The frequencies of occurrence of naturalized plants growing in dry secondary grasses such as Erigeron annuus and Trifolium repens were high, and clonal plants that propagated by making stolons and struck roots accounted for 19.4% (25 taxa). The naturalized and urbanization indices showed positive correlations with location factors such as wetland, agricultural land, and used area. However, a negative correlation was found between altitude and forest. Therefore, a management plan that synthetically considers the occurrence frequency and growth characteristics of naturalized plants as well as the locational characteristics of wetland protection areas is required.

Early Responses of Planted Quercus serrata Seedlings and Understory Vegetation to Artificial Gap Treatments in Black Locust Plantation (아까시나무림에서 인공 숲틈 처리에 대한 졸참나무 식재목 및 하층식생의 초기 반응)

  • Cho, Yong-Chan;Kim, Jun-Soo;Lee, Jung-Hyo;Lee, Heon-Ho;Ma, Ho-Seob;Lee, Chang-Seok;Cho, Hyun-Je;Bae, Kwan-Ho
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.98 no.1
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    • pp.94-105
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    • 2009
  • Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) stand is representative lowland exotic plantation with low ecological quality and arrested succession in South Korea. To facilitate succession and restore natural vegetation, small canopy gaps (${\sim}57m^2$), which can modify minimally structural variables and reduce restoration related disturbances on stand, was established in the black locust stand, and oak (Quercus serrata) seedlings were introduced in the gap. Two types of varying levels were introduced for gap creation; cutting (C) and girdling (G) on canopies. Understory removal (CU and GU) treatment was applied as subtypes of structural modification. Growth (diameter, height and leaf area) of target species and responses (species composition, diversity and coverage) of understory community were monitored during study years (2007~2008). Canopy openness was different significantly among treatments but not for light availability. Based on the result of logistic regression, growth of height and leaf area of seedlings were significant variables on seedling survival. Height and leaf area of seedlings were increased during study years, although radial growth was reduced. During study years, there were no significant differences in species composition and diversity, and total coverage increased about 20%. Increase of resources by gap creation and understory removal likely affect growth of target species. Small gap creation was effective to reduce understory responses in composition and diverstiy. Synthesized, growth of target species and responses of understory community to small canopy gap creation exhibited, in short term, possibility of utilization in alternative forest restoration and management option. Long-term monitoring is necessary to certificate effect of artificial gap creation on forest restoration.

A Study on the Distribution Status and Management Measures of Naturalized Plants Growing in Seongeup Folk Village, Jeju Island (제주 성읍민속마을의 귀화식물 분포현황 및 관리방안)

  • Rho, Jae-Hyun;Oh, Hyun-Kyung;Han, Yun-Hee;Choi, Yung-Hyun;Byun, Mu-Sup;Kim, Young-Suk;Lee, Won-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.107-119
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study is to examine the current status of vascular plants and naturalized plants growing in the Seongeup Folk Village in Jeju and to consider and compare their distribution patterns and the characteristics of emergence of naturalized plants in other folk villages and all parts of Jeju, thereby exploring measures to well manage naturalized plants. The result of this study is as follows.11) The total number of vascular plants growing in Seongeup Folk Village is identified to be 354 taxa which include 93 families, 260 genus, 298 species, 44 varieties and 12 breeds. Among them, the number of naturalized plants is 55 taxa in total including 22 families, 46 genus, 53 species, and 2 varieties, which accounts for 21.7% of the total of 254 taxa identified all over the region of Jeju. The rate of naturalization in Seongeup Folk Village is 15.5%, which is far higher than the rates of plant naturalization in Hahoi Village in Andong, Yangdong Village in Gyeongju, Hangae Village in Seongju, Wanggok Village in Goseong, and Oeam Village in Asan. Among the naturalized plants identified within the targeted villages, the number of those growing in Jeju is 9 taxa including Silene gallica, Modiola caroliniana, Oenothera laciniata, Oenothera stricta, Apium leptophyllum, Gnaphalium purpureum, Gnaphalium calviceps, Paspalum dilatatum and Sisyrinchium angustifolium. It is suggested that appropriate management measures that consider the characteristics of the gateway to import and the birthplace of the naturalized plants are necessary. In the meantime, 3 more taxa that have not been included in the reference list of Jeju have been identified for the first time in Seongeup Folk Village, which include Bromus sterilis, Cannabis sativa and Veronica hederaefolia. The number of naturalized plants identified within the gardens of unit-based cultural properties is 20 taxa, among which the rate of prevalence of Cerastium glomeratum is the highest at 62.5%. On the other hand, the communities of plants that require landscape management are Brassica napus and other naturalized plants, including Cosmos bipinnatus, Trifolium repens, Medicago lupulina, Oenothera stricta, O. laciniata, Lotus corniculatus, Lolium perenne, Silene gallica, Hypochaeris radicata, Plantago virginica, Bromus catharticus and Cerastium glomeratum. As a short-term measure to manage naturalized plants growing in Seongeup Folk Village, it is important to identify the current status of Cosmos bipinnatus and Brassica napus that have been planted for landscape agriculture, and explore how to use flowers during the blooming season. It is suggested that Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Hypochaeris radicata, designated as invasive alien plants by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, should be eradicated initially, followed by regular monitoring in case of further invasion, spread or expansion. As for Hypochaeris radicata, in particular, some physical prevention measures need to be explored, such as for example, identifying the habitat density and eradication of the plant. In addition, it is urgent to remove plants, such as Sonchus oleraceus, Houttuynia cordata, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Erigeron annuus and Lamium purpureum with high index of greenness visually, growing wild at around high Jeongyi town walls. At the same time, as the distribution and dominance value of the naturalized plants growing in deserted or empty houses are high, it is necessary to find measures to preserve and manage them and to use the houses as lodging places.

Population Size and Home Range Estimates of Domestic Cats (Felis catus) on Mara Islet, Jeju, in the Republic of Korea (제주 마라도에 서식하는 고양이(Felis catus)의 개체군 크기 및 행동권 추정)

  • Kim, Yujin;Lee, Woo-Shin;Choi, Chang-Yong
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.9-17
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    • 2020
  • Domestic cats (Felis catus) introduced to insular environments can be invasive predators that often threaten endemic species and cause biodiversity loss or local extinction on the island. This study was conducted from March to July 2018 to understand the population size, home range, and spatial use of cats introduced to Mara Islet (N 33° 07', E 126° 16') in Jeju Special Governing Province, the Republic of Korea. Observation records based on their natural marks revealed that there were 20 adult cats on Mara Islet. A capture-recapture method also estimated 20 adult individuals (95% confidence interval: 20-24 individuals). According to our telemetry study on ten adults deployed with GPS-based telemetry units, the home range size was 12.05±6.99 ha (95% KDE: kernel density estimation), and the core habitat size was 1.60±0.77 ha (50% KDE). There were no significant differences in the home range and core habitat sizes by sex. The home range of domestic cats overlapped with the human residential area, where they might secure easy foods. Five of ten tracked cats were active at potential breeding colonies for the Crested Murrlet (Synthliboramphus wumizusume), and six approached potential breeding areas of the Styan's Grasshopper Warbler (Locustella pleskei), suggesting the predation risk of the two endangered species by cats. This study provides novel information on the population size and home range of introduced cats on Mara Islet which is an important stopover site of migratory birds as well as a breeding habitat of the two endangered avian species. Reducing the potential negative impacts of the introduced cats on migratory birds and the endangered species on Mara Islet requires monitoring of the predation rate of birds by cats, the population trends of cats and endangered breeding birds as well as the effective cat population control and management.

Growth of Soybean Sprouts and Concentration of $CO_2$ Produced in Culture Vessel Affected by Watering Methods (살수방식에 따른 재배용기내 Gas 조성 및 콩나물의 생육 변화)

  • 배경근;남승우;김경남;황영현
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.49 no.3
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    • pp.167-171
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    • 2004
  • The growth of soybean sprout was greatly influenced by watering systems: Fixed watering system (water tub was loaded at ceiling upper of culture box and water was showered by bottom holes) was estimated the better than that of reciprocating watering and tub immersing watering because it could cool down the temperature in culture box and wash the organic substances on the body of sprout. The fixed watering system showed good body color and preventing effect of partial rotting of sprout because it could discharge $\textrm{CO}_2$ gas effectively in culture box and keep the concentration below 5%. The concentration of gases at the bottom (about 30 cm height from basal plate) of culture box in fourth or fifth days was L6% for $\textrm{CO}_2$ and 13-16% for $\textrm{O}_2$, respectively. The optimum gas concentration in culture box was considered to be over 10% for $\textrm{O}_2$ and below 5% for $\textrm{CO}_2$.