• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.364-373
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• 2012

This study is to analyze distribution and change of montane meadows on the lava plateau in the east face of Mt. Baekdu. Process for aims carried out field survey, and analyzed landsat images of 1993, 1999, 2004, and year 2010. After research findings, the area of forests has increased by 33% from $636km^2$ to $848km^2$, montane meadow has decreased by 58% from $303km^2$ to $127km^2$ during 18 years. Montane meadows could be classified as 2 categories of wet meadow and dry meadow by the geomorphic environments and vegetation types. Wet meadow has decreased by 30%, dry meadow has decreased by 70% in the same period. Decreasing areas are replacing meadows with forests in invasion by trees and shrubs. According to the analysis with weather data for 16 years from 1993 to 2008, temperature has increased by $1.6^{\circ}C$, on the other hand, precipitation has decreased by 5.3mm. These kinds of climate change trends continue in the future, it could be change montane meadows into tree types.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.427-434
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• 2000

The authors analyzed retrospectively the 36 patients with malignant salivary gland tumors who were treated at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital from February, 1989 to September, 1997. The results obtained were as follows: 1. There were 14 males(38.9%) and 22 females(61.1%). The peak age of patients with major salivary gland tumors was the 6th decade, but with minor salivary gland was the 5th decade. 2. Of all salivary gland tumors, 5 cases arose in the parotid glands, 2 cases in the submanibular glands, 1 case in the sublingual gland and 28 cases in the minor salivary glands. 3. The incidence according to the anatomic primary site for minor salivary glands was 15 cases in the palate, 5 in the floor of mouth and 2 cases each arising in the tongue, lip, retromolar area and buccal mucosa. 4. Of all salivary gland tumors, adenoid cystic carcinoma was 5 cases in the major salivary glands and 8 in the minor salivary glands. mucoepidermoid carcinoma was 2 cases in the major salivary glands and 14 in the minor salivary glands and others were 2 cases of adenocarcinoma, 4 malignant mixed tumors and 1 undifferentiated carcinoma. 5. The incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis was 100%(2/2) in the submandibular glands, 80%(4/5) in the floor of mouth, 50%(1/2) in the tongue and 20%(1/5) in the parotid glands. The highest incidence of lymph node metastasis according to histopathological classfication was found in the high grade of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and tubular type of adenoid cystic carcinoma. 6. Nerve invasion was common in the adenoid cystic carcinoma. 7. The lung was the commonest site for distant metastasis comprising 7 cases among 7 cases in which distant spread occurred.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2851-2855
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• 2015

Background: Recent reports have shown that nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1), a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), contributes to the precise control of gene expression and is related to several human malignancies. However, limited data are available on the expression and function of NEAT1 in lung cancer. The major objective of the current study was to profile the expression and clinicopathological significance of NEAT1 in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Materials and Methods: NEAT1 expression in 125 NSCLC cases and paired adjacent non-cancer tissues was assessed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). Relationships between NEAT1 and clinicopathological factors were also investigated. Results: The relative level of NEAT1 was $6.98{\pm}3.74$ in NSCLC tissues, significantly elevated as compared to that of the adjacent non-cancer lung tissues ($4.83{\pm}2.98$, p<0.001). The area under curve (AUC) of high expression of NEAT1 to diagnose NSCLC was 0.684 (95% CI: 0.619~0.750, p<0.001). NEAT1 expression was positively correlated with patient age (r=-2.007, p=0.047), lymphatic metastasis (r=-2.731, p=0.007), vascular invasion (r=-3.617, p=0.001) and clinical TNM stage (r=-4.134, p<0.001). Conclusions: This study indicates that NEAT1 might be associated with oncogenesis and progression in NSCLC, and suggests application in molecular targeted therapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.3061-3065
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• 2015

Background: Rac3, a member of the Rac family of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), regulates a variety of cell functions, including the organization of the cytoskeleton, cell migration, and invasion. Overexpression of Rac3 has been reported in several human cancers. However, the role of Rac3 in lung cancer (LC) has not been determined in detail. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of silencing of Rac3 expression in human LC cells and the consequences for cell survival. Materials and Methods: Lentivirus small hairpin RNA (shRNA) interference techniques were utilized to knock down the Rac3 gene. Gene and protein expression was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. LC cell apoptosis was examined by annexin V-APC /propidium iodide staining. Results: Efficient silencing of Rac3 strongly inhibited A549 cell proliferation and colony formation ability, and significantly decreased tumor growth. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis showed that knockdown of Rac3 led to G2/M phase cell cycle arrest as well as an excess accumulation of cells in the G1 and S phase. Conclusions: Thus, functional analysis using shRNAs revealed a critical role for Rac3 in the tumor growth of LC cells. shRNA silencing of Rac3 could provide an effective strategy to treat LC.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.11-21
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to gather baseline data on perceived priority of residential choice and housing satisfaction rates among consumers with the aim of using this information for future planning. Self-administered questionnaires were provided to 196 studio-type multi-family housing dwellers in the City of Gwangju from 2009 Apri 5th to 29th. The collected data was used to conduct comparative and descriptive statistical analysis: factor analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis. The main findings obtained are as follows: Firstly, in relation to perceived priority of residential choice, dwellers identified seven factors as important. Secondly, in terms of housing satisfaction about a unit room, the respondents identified five factors as important. This study confirmed that there existed passive correlation between priority of residential choice and housing satisfaction among residents in studio-type multi-family housings in Gwangju. It is very necessary to project a studio-type multi-family housing close to transportation for easy access, avoiding commercial districts. Delicate interior and design will attract more female residents as well as fully-equipped parking lots for people who drive to their workplace. According to research on a degree of housing satisfaction, all respondents expressed dissatisfaction with "noise". Therefore, in dealing with construction plans of studio apartment units, from now on, sound proofing facilities are required to reduce the acoustic invasion of privacy, especially, for units with more than two people. In order to satisfy all the demand of residents in studio apartment units, we have to pursue systematic and succeeding research about a studio-type multi-family housing well-fitted for the actual circumstances of local area and suitable for longer stay. To sum up, more research and development will be required for high-class studio-type multiplex housing for sale in dealing with households with financial stability such as two-paycheck couples, so-called DINK, or a professional single person, in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.549-559
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• 2007

Vegetation surveys were performed at 45 plots along 10 highways cut slopes in South Korea. Total floral inventory, species richness and exotic plant percentage were obtained within each plot. Life history and life form of each species appeared were analyzed. Community types were classified using hierarchical cluster analysis and detrended correspondence analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling were conducted from vegetation matrix. 292 species of vascular plants were discovered and the number of natives and exotics were 226 and 66, respectively. There were no significant differences of species richness and exotic plant percentage between cut slopes and rest areas. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated five clear vegetation associations in cut slopes and rest areas. Detrended correspondence analysis indicated that species composition of total and native plants were similar along the highway cut slopes whereas exotic plants were distributed differentially along the highway cut slopes. in non-metric multidimensional scaling, the studied sites were more separated from each other on the basis of their species composition than the results of detrended correspondence analysis with respect to total, native and exotic plants. The both ordination represented that exotic plants have not been made uniform yet on cut slopes and rest areas by highway corridor in spite of diverse chronosequences after highway construction termination (1 to 22 years). This study showed that the distribution of species composition in exotic plants was different and localized on cut slopes and rest areas of highway in this representative peninsula area of North East Asia and the invasion of exotic plants can retard the process of plant species homogenization.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.107-110
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• 2008

Tropical fire ant, Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius) is distributed over the tropical and temperate areas. It is a polyphagous pest attacking to various plant and causes the pain to the people doing outdoor work. So it is known for a hygienic pest to human being, especially the people doing outdoor activities. It can cause severe pain to human, even with just a bite. Of particular concern is the possibility of its settlement in this country, if it invade to the farmlands and/or forests of Jeju Island and southern part in Korea. It is listed as a regulated pest in Plant Quarantine Act of Korea. This ant is usually imported through a ship and early settled in the port area where it is already distributed. Recently its distribution is rapidly spreading into Southeast Asia and southern part of China. In Korea, it was detected the one time in 1990s, but was detected the ten times from 2000 to 2006 by an imported plant quarantine process. Therefore, we would like to provide some information on the species, including morphology, distribution, host plant, damaged symptom and its general bionomics, which will be useful data for plant quarantine process and control.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.247-253
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• 2017

Approximately 10-15% of pheochromocytomas are malignant. There are insufficient histologic criteria for the diagnosis of malignant pheochromocytoma. Thus, the term malignant pheochromocytoma is restricted to tumors with local invasion or distant metastases. We experienced a case of malignant pheochromocytoma recurred with spinal metastasis 4 years after the surgery for huge benign pheochromocytoma. A 68-year-old female was admitted for trunk and back pain. The patient had a history of surgery 4 years ago for a $10.0{\times}9.5{\times}7.5cm$ sized benign pheochromocytoma at the left adrenal gland. A thoracolumbar magnetic resonance imaging showed a tumor in the 7th thoracic vertebral body and a 24-hour urinary norepinephrine increased, suggesting metastatic recurrence of malignant pheochromocytoma. After metastasectomy in the 7th thoracic vertebral body, urine catecholamine was normalized and pain also disappeared. However, a metastatic lesion was found in the paraaortic area on a follow-up abdominal computed tomography scan and an additional metastasectomy was performed. The pathology confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic pheochromocytoma in the paraaortic lymph nodes. She is supposed to be treated with adjuvant iodine 131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine therapy. In our experience, a close follow-up should be considered in patients who had a huge benign pheochromocytoma due to the possibility of malignant metastases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.13-31
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• 2009

The objectives of this study were to offer the basic data for the restoration and conservation of forest wetland by surveying systematically the vascular plants of Sandeul wetland in Mt. Jaeyak, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. The vascular plants in this wetland were recorded as 232 taxa; 74 families, 178 genera, 200 species, 27 varieties and 5 forma. The major communities were Quercus mongolica, Tripterygium regelii, Alnus japonica, Molinia japonica, Salix gracilistyla and Stephanandra incisa. The numbers of plant species by routes were 168 taxa in A-route, 126 taxa in B and 132 taxa in C. The ecological problems in Sandeul wetland were the afforestation of Pinus koraiensis and P. thunbergii, the appearance of naturalized plants, the invasion of species and the scour of valley. The Korean endemic plants were 5 taxa; Salix hallaisanensis, Hepatica insularia; Chrysosplenium barbatum, Ajuga spectabilis and Weigela subsessilis. The rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service were 3 taxa; Aristolochia manshuriensis, Chrysanthemum lineare and Iris ensata var, spontanea. The naturalized plants were 8 taxa; Rumex acetocella, R. crispus, Trifolium repens, Oenothera lamarckiana, Ambrosia artemisifolia var. elatior, Helianthus tuberosus, Erigeron annuus and Phleuum pratense.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 2014

Renal and perinephric abscesses are a rare but potentially fatal complication of urinary tract infection (UTI). Diagnosing renal and perinephric abscesses has been known to be difficult. These abscesses may occur when the appropriate antibiotic treatment for a UTI is delayed, or in cases with a congenital malformation of the urinary system, especially in children. In the present report, we describe 2 cases of renal abscesses with extra-capsular invasion in children with febrile UTI. A 4-month-old male infant with vesicoureteral reflux developed a renal abscess that infiltrated the perinephric area and the left psoas muscle, despite early antibiotic treatment. A 9-year-old boy with prolonged fever also showed a multi-loculated renal abscess that infiltrated the spleen and diaphragm. Both patients were successfully treated with appropriate antibiotics and percutaneous drainage.